吸氧过程中不安全因素分析和预防

目的:探究吸氧过程中的不安全因素及预防,以供临床参考及研究。方法:收治需要进行吸氧的患者80例,探究吸氧过程中会出现的不安全因素,并针对不安全因素采取恰当的措施进行预防。结果:在对患者进行吸氧治疗的过程中,会出现较多不安全因素,主要包括无效吸氧、腹胀以及气道黏膜干燥。结论:针对部分氧气治疗管理进行加强,从而有效减少患者在氧疗过程中出现的不安全因素。

区域熔炼YBaCuO吸氧过程研究

在恒定温度下对区域熔炼的ＹＢａＣｕＯ晶体在空气及纯氧气氛下的吸氧过程进行了研究，表明该过程可以分为两个阶段，即化学反应控制阶段和扩散控制阶段。其动力学方程分别为 用阿累尼乌斯公式计算了激活能，同时讨论了高取向ＹＢａＣｕＯ晶体吸氧热处理工艺。

两种双腔鼻导管固定方法在新生儿氧气吸入中的应用比较

临床上新生儿吸氧过程中,由于依从性差,在哭闹、烦躁时鼻导管易脱落。由于意外拔管是在医护人员意想不到的情况下发生的,患儿可因失去有效的氧供而发生缺氧甚至窒息,而且增加护理人员工作量。本科对双腔鼻导管的固定方法做了改良,取得了满意效果,现介绍如下。

注射器的针帽用于氧气袋与氧气管的接头

在神经外科气管切开患者及需要携带氧气袋做检查、会诊等患者较多。氧气袋使用率较高。氧气袋可以重复使用，而要冲氧气袋需将接头拆卸下来．传统的均用玻璃接头材料容易丢失及破碎，不仅增加费用，而且使用不小心容易受伤。我们将一次性注射器（5—60ml均可）针头保护帽收集，在使用时无菌剪刀将针头保护帽密闭的前端剪断连接氧气袋及吸氧管（图1、图2）；在吸氧过程中，保持各管道通畅，防止打折．优势显著，现介绍如下。

巧用输液软袋外包装自制氧疗患者温馨提示卡

氧疗是临床上很常见的一种操作，但吸氧过程中有些患者对吸氧缺乏正确认识导致遵医行为差，如拒绝吸氧、随意中断吸氧、任意调节氧流量以及暂停吸氧时鼻塞未保护等，从而影响氧疗的效果，甚至加重病情，尤其是暂停吸氧患者的氧气管保护不当，可能引起感染发生。为了进一步加强氧疗患者的健康宣教，同时也避免氧气管保护不当导致的感染，我们巧用丢弃的输液软袋的外包装袋制成了氧疗患者的温馨提示卡，收到了满意效果，现介绍如下。

扶舒清替代蒸馏水行氧气湿化降低院内感染的研究

氧疗是治疗或辅助治疗疾病的重要方法。吸氧过程中湿化瓶、湿化液、流量计、供气管路等作为一个有机的、连通的整体，任何部位受污染或消毒不彻底，均可成为医院感染的隐患。常规湿化方法是用氧气湿化瓶内加入蒸馏水进行湿化，该方法为非无菌开放操作，很容易造成氧气湿化液的感染。2010年3月-2010年12月，我们对40例吸氧患者应用扶舒清代替蒸馏水湿化，取得满意效果。现报告如下。

高压氧致子宫收缩一例

患者女34岁，因突发性耳聋入院。入院后给予改善微循环、营养神经、抗病毒治疗，高压氧治疗每天一次。使用多人空气加压舱，压力0．2Mpa纯氧2次每次30分钟，中间间歇10分钟，加减压各20分钟。前两天无异常，第三天高压氧做完后病人自述第二次吸氧过程中下腹痛，阵发性，宫缩样疼，结束吸氧后腹痛消失，出舱后无任何不适。

一次性鞋套在护理工作中的妙用

吸氧是临床上常见的护理操作，临床上通常使用一次性吸氧管或一次性吸氧面罩，但是在吸氧过程中经常由于病人外出检查需要中途停止吸氧，使用中的氧气管或面罩需临时悬挂于氧气装置上，暴露于空气中，一是容易造成氧气管污染，二是影响美观。为此，笔者运用一次性鞋套来保护吸氧管和面罩，经临床使用，取得满意效果。现报告如下。

氧疗对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停患者跨膜肺动脉压的影响

以6例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）综合征患者为研究对象,观察氧疗对其跨膜肺动脉压（PAP）周期性变化的影响。随机选择患者在吸入室内空气和吸入氧气时的呼吸暂停各15次,并测其跨膜PAP。在吸氧过程中,所有患者呼吸暂停时的SaO2均较高,且变化极小,PCO2亦较高;通常在呼吸暂停发作末期,跨膜PAP即达到其最高值,仅2例患者PAP明显低于呼吸室内空气的值。由于呼吸暂停初期,最低PAP降低,所以吸空气和吸氧过程中呼吸暂停时的PAP增加程度无差别。上述2例患者PCO2增加最少。另有1例吸氧较吸空气呼吸暂停末期跨膜PAP明显增高。

Investigation into the surface active groups of coal

The oxidation heat of coal is the direct reason leading to coal spontaneous combustion. When coal is exposed in oxygen atmosphere, the physical adsorption and chemisorption happened, and then which resulting chemical reaction followed heat between coal and oxygen. Owing to the complexity and uncertain of molecular structure of coal,it was only reduced that bridge bonds, side chains and O 2 containing functional groups in coal may be prone to oxidation in last year, but not to deeply investigate into the structures and the type of the active radicals. In this paper, according to the last achievements in coal structure research, the hypomethylether bond, hypoalkyl bond of α carbon atom with hydroxyl and α carbon atom with hypomethy side chain and hypomethyl bonds linking up two aromatic hydrocarbon in bridge bonds, and methoxy,aldehyde and alkyls of α carbon atom with hydroxy in side bonds are inferred to be free radical easily to lead to oxidize coal under the ambient temperature and pressure. The order from strong to weak of oxide activation of the seven surface active groups is aldehyde side chains, hypomethylether bonds, hypoalkyl bonds of α carbon atom with hydroxyl, hypoalkyl bonds of α carbon atom with hypomethyl, hypomethyl bonds linking up two aromatic hydrocarbon,methoxy, alkyls side chains of α carbon atom with hydroxyl. Because of the two unsaturated molecular tracks of O 2, unpaired electron clouds of the part of surface active groups of coal enter molecular tracks of O 2 to lead to chemisorb on the conjugate effect and induced effect of surface active groups, and then chemical reaction followed heat happens in them. On the basis of change of bond energy, weighted average method is adopted to count the reaction heat value of each mol CO,CO 2 and H 2O. The property of coal spontaneous combustion is different for the different number and oxidability of the active structure in the coal resulting in the different oxidation heat.

Carbon dioxide induced degradation of diethanolamine during absorption and desorption processes

Alkanolamines are widely used in the purification of the sourgas sweetening process. During the sour gas absorption process, CO_2 significantly degrades the amine solvent and creates enormous problems for plant operation. In this work, CO_2 induced degradation of aqueous diethanolamine(DEA) solution was conducted in a 1.25 L jacketed glass reactor that functioned as an absorber and stripper at atmospheric conditions. Pure CO_2 was bubbled through the reactor until the solution became saturated. In this study, the concentrations of DEA used were in the range of concentrations between 2 mol·L^(-1) and 4 mol·L^(-1). In the degradation experiment, six generic cycles were conducted for each run. Each cycle was configured with the absorption and desorption of carbon dioxide at 55 ℃ and 100 ℃, respectively. Samples were collected after a predetermined experimental time and analyzed by ion chromatography(IC) to identify unknown ionic degradation products(DGPs). In the IC analysis, three different columns were used for anion, cation and ion exclusion systems, which are Metrosep A Supp 5150/4.0, Metrosep C Supp 4 150/4.0 and Metrosep Organic Acids, respectively. The major identified DGPs of D01 DEA2 M, D02 DEA3 M, and D03 DEA4 M are nitrite, acetate and ammonium. Phosphate product was found in the degraded amine samples which might be due to the contamination of water or chromatographic system.

Analysis of irrationality of coal susceptibility to spontaneous combustion determination method with fluid oxygen adsorption

Based on experiment results and theoretical analysis,pointed out that the method of coal susceptibility to spontaneous combustion determination with fluid oxygen adsorption can not present the essence of coal oxidation process and oxidation reaction. The method is incorrect,paying attention at one aspect and ignoring the rest.The method is not reasonable for coal susceptibility to spontaneous combustion determination.Sus- ceptibility to spontaneous combustion of coal reflects chemical property of coal oxidation with oxygen absorption and heat release at low temperature.Coal's susceptibility to spon- taneous combustion is mainly decided by the number of molecules with reaction activation energy and activation molecule production rate at certain temperature.Therefore,index of susceptibility to spontaneous combustion should adopt accumulative value or trend of heat release or oxygen adsorption during oxidation process.

Molecular Simulation of Oxygen Sorption and Diffusion in the Poly （lactic acid）

Grand canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics simulation methods are used to simulate oxygen sorption and diffusion in amorphous poly（lactic acid） （PLA）. The simulated solubility coefficient of oxygen is close to experimental data obtained from the quartz crystal microbalance but much higher than those from the time-lag method. This discrepancy is explained by using the dual-mode sorption model. It is found that oxygen sorotion in PLA is predominantly Langmuir type controlled, i.e., through the process of filling holes. The time--lag method only takes into account oxygen molecules that participate the diffusion process whereas a large proportion of oxygen molecules trapped in the void have little chance to execute hopping due to the glassy nature of PLA at room temperature. The simulated diffusion coefficient of oxygen is reasonably close to the data obtained from the time-lag method. The solubility coefficient of oxygen decreases linearly with increasing relative humidity while its diffusion coefficient firstly decreases and then increases as a function of relative humidity.

Ammonia Removal from Wastewater through Combination of Absorption Process in the Membrane Contactor and Advance Oxydation Process in Hybride Plasma-Ozone Reactor

Wastewater containing high concentrations of ammonia can be harmful to aquatic life and degrade the water quality. Wastewater containing ammonia is usually removed by conventional methods such as aeration in towers, biological treatment and adsorption of the ammonium ion to the zeolite surface. However, these methods are less effective and relatively expensive. Therefore there is a need for alternative technologies that can improve the efficiency of ammonia removal from wastewater. This study aims to obtain the process of ammonia removal through a combination of absorption in the membrane contactor and the advance oxidation process in the hybrid plasma-ozone reactor. Wastewater containing ammonia used in the study was a synthetic wastewater with a concentration of about 800 ppm. In the experiment, the wastewater fi＇om the reservoir was firstly passed into the membrane contactor on the shell side, and then mixed with ozone from the ozonator befbre entering the plasma reactor, and finally was circulated back to the reservoir. Meanwhile, the absorbent solution was sent to the lumen fiber in membrane contactor. Experimental results showed that the ammonia removal efficiency increases with increasing in circulation rate and temperature of the wastewater. The highest efficiency of ammonia removal obtained from the experimental results was 77%.

CO_2 Capture by Vacuum Swing Adsorption Using F200 and Sorbead WS as Protective Pre-layers

In order to solve the water issues when 13X zeolite was applied to capture CO 2 from wet flue gas by vacuum swing adsorption process, multi-layered adsorption system was considered regarding activated alumina F200 and silica gel based Sorbead WS as pre-layer materials. LBET (extended Largmuir-BET) model and extended CMMS (cooperative multimolecular sorption) equation were simulated respectively to describe water loading on F200 and Sorbead WS. The two equations can be well added into our in-house simulator to simulate double-layered CO 2 -VSA (vacuum swing adsorption) process. Results indicated that water can be successfully stopped in pre-layers with a good CO 2 capture performance.