儿童安全座椅中填充吸能泡沫对头部的保护效果分析

采用Pam-Crash仿真软件,在已验证的6岁儿童乘员有限元模型上,施加ECE R129法规中规定的减速度曲线,以模拟汽车在侧面碰撞事故中后排儿童乘员的头部损伤情况。通过头部质心合加速度、头部性能指标(HPC)、脑组织Von Mises应力、颅内压、剪切应力和泡沫与头部之间的接触力等评价指标,研究侧面碰撞时安全座椅侧翼结构中头枕部位填充吸能泡沫对儿童乘员头部的保护效果。结果表明:安全座椅中填充泡沫可有效降低侧面碰撞对头部的损伤,且填充PU泡沫的保护效果要优于EPS泡沫。

地聚物超高性能混凝土复合板抗接触爆炸试验与数值模拟

为提升工程结构的抗爆安全性,同时降低水泥基超高性能混凝土高水泥用量对环境的不利影响,提出了一种基于地聚物超高性能混凝土的新型复合板,通过现场爆炸试验和数值模拟研究了该复合板在接触爆炸荷载作用下的动态响应与破坏机理。共测试了1块普通混凝土板和3块地聚物超高性能混凝土复合板,其中地聚物超高性能混凝土复合板由地聚物超高性能混凝土、钢丝网和吸能层制备而成。研究结果表明:采用地聚物超高性能混凝土代替普通混凝土能够有效提升混凝土板的抗爆性能;吸能层材料的高可压缩性和低抗剪强度是造成冲切破坏的主要原因;随着聚氨酯泡沫板层数的增加,复合板的爆坑深度增加,板底跨中位移增大;对复合板进行抗爆设计时,必须考虑吸能泡沫材料的可压缩性及其与地聚物超高性能混凝土之间的波阻抗匹配问题,才能有效提升复合板的抗爆性能。

Indentation of sandwich beams with metal foam core

The quasi-static indentation behavior of sandwich beams with a metal foam core was investigated. An analytical model was developed to predict the large deflections of indention of the sandwich beams with a metal foam core subjected to a concentrated loading. The interaction of plastic bending and stretching in the local deformation regions of the face sheet was considered in the analytical model. Moreover, the effects of the shear strength of the foam core on the indentation behavior were discussed in detail. The finite element simulations were preformed to validate the theoretical model. Comparisons between the analytical predictions and finite element results were conducted and good agreement was achieved. The results show that the membrane force dominates indentation behavior of the sandwich beams when the maximum deflection exceeds the thickness of the face sheet.

Mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-filled square tubes

Longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of foam-filled square tubes under quasi-static loading conditions were studied.The foam-filled thin-walled square tube was fabricated with aluminum tube as its shell and closed-cell Al-Mg alloy foam as its core.The results indicated that the plateau region of the load-displacement curve exhibited a marked fluctuant serration which was clearly related to the formation of folds.The longitudinal deforming mode of foam-filled square tube was the same as that of the empty tube,but the fold number of foam-filled square tube was more than that of the empty tube.The longitudinal compression load and energy absorption value of foam-filled square tube were higher than the sum of that of aluminum foam (alone) and empty tube (alone) due to the interaction between tube and filler.In transverse direction,the compression load and energy absorption ability of foam-filled square tubes were significantly lower than those in longitudinal direction.

基于行人小腿保护的泡沫结构优化分析

行人与汽车碰撞过程中,小腿碰撞损伤主要是由前保险杠与小腿碰撞产生的弯曲力矩造成,小腿损伤主要表现为骨折。对行人小腿碰撞进行损伤分析,发现可以通过改善吸能泡沫结构来降低胫骨加速度、膝关节弯曲角度、剪切位移值,从而减少小腿的碰撞损伤。本文以某车型为例,通过有限元仿真分析对行人小腿碰撞和泡沫结构之间的关系进行探究。将整体形泡沫结构优化设计成为中空形泡沫结构,并以某车型为实例,对比分析优化前后的仿真结果,验证了吸能泡沫结构优化设计的有效性。