Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, ...Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and less secondary pollution, microbial ramediation technology is widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources. At present, with the progress of modern biotechnology, microbial remediation of heavy metals in agricul- tural water resources has grown rapidly. The sources and status quo of heavy met- al pollution in agricultural water resources at home and aboard, and the principles of microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution in agricultural water resources were reviewed in this paper, as well as the several common microbial remediation technology of heavy metals in agricultural water resources. Additionally, the further research work of heavy metal contaminated agricultural water resources by microbial ramediation were prospected.展开更多
Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storin...Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storing of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) during the anaerobic phase. Whereas, glycogen was soon built up followed by rapid consumption, at the same time, glucose was depleted rapidly. Based on the analysis of different fractions of phosphorus in activated sludge, the relative ratio of organically bound phosphorus in sludge changed at the end of anaerobic and aerobic phases. The ratios were 45.3% and 51.8% respectively. This showed that the polyphosphate broke down during the anaerobic phase to supply part of energy for PHA synthesis. The reason why there was no phosphate release might be the biosorption effect of extracellular exopolymers (EPS). It was also proved by the analysis of EPS with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The phosphorus weight percentage of EPS at the end of anaerobic phase was 9.22%.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to develop low cost adsorbing materials to remove the heavy metals from waste waters. The outer covering of coconut, coconut shell, is the most abundant in the countries of its plantation ...The purpose of this study is to develop low cost adsorbing materials to remove the heavy metals from waste waters. The outer covering of coconut, coconut shell, is the most abundant in the countries of its plantation and enormous use. Utilization of agricultural waste （coconut shell） in the production of activated carbon potentially leads to produce a highly effective adsorbent generated from low cost raw materials that are available in huge quantity as renewable resources. At present coconut shell is not in use as valuable entity due to which disposal and ultimate environmental problems are faced. In this study coconut shells were impregnated with phosphoric acid and chemically activated at 450 C. The potential to remove chromium （VI） from aqueous solution by using activated coconut shells was investigated by batch experiment. The various sorption parameters i.e pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, agitation time and agitation speed were optimized. The sorption of Cr （VI） onto activated carbon, developed from coconut shell, at pH 2 was achieved 81.25%. The best optimum conditions were obtained when 0.75 gm of sorbent was agitated at 150 rpm with 60 mg/L of sorbate for 40 min. Activated coconut shells has potential to be a good resource material for effective removal of chromium （VI） of low concentration from wastewater.展开更多
Brine is a solution of salt （usually sodium chloride） in water. In different contexts, brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% （a typical concentration of seawater, or the lower end of solutions u...Brine is a solution of salt （usually sodium chloride） in water. In different contexts, brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% （a typical concentration of seawater, or the lower end of solutions used for brining foods） up to about 26% （a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature）. Adsorption onto activated carbon is the most widespread technology for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewaters. In this study, continuous fixed-bed-column systems were investigated. The adsorbents which authors use are： spruce （Picea abies） untreated, spruce modified by autohydrolysis. The column systems were filed with biomass at various initial dye concentrations, flow rates and bed-depths. The column kinetics of MB （Methylene Blue） adsorption on spruce （Picea abies） untreated, spruce modified by autohydrolysis was simulated. Economies arise when the facility that can use such adsorption materials is near a source of a lignocellulosic waste as agricultural residues, thus saving transportation cost and contributing to industrial ecology at local level.展开更多
Gp96, a member of HSP90 family, is a versatile molecular chaperone with various newly-discovered functions, for example to serve as a low affinity, high capacity calcium binding protein, a natural adjuvant for therape...Gp96, a member of HSP90 family, is a versatile molecular chaperone with various newly-discovered functions, for example to serve as a low affinity, high capacity calcium binding protein, a natural adjuvant for therapeutic cancer vaccines, a tumor rejection antigen, an immune regulator to pathological cell death. Its multi-functional and structural characteristics make it also an interesting target to develop antibody-based therapeutics. However, its low immunogenicity to mice, because of its high-sequence similarity among different species, is an obstacle to obtain valuable monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). This is a common problem for any low immunogenic proteins, whose sequences share close identity between mice and other species. Here, a new strategy of priming was employed by swine endogenous full-length gp96 and then boosting by E. coli-system heterologously expressed gp96 N-terminal fragment (N-355) to generate MAbs. Twelve different highly-specific MAbs against swine/human endogenous gp96 were successfully obtained. The binding activities of these MAbs were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. This provides some important reagents for further research and potential therapeutics. The methods employed can be used for MAb production of any sequence-highly-conserved proteins between mice and swine/human (or any other species).展开更多
Atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, has been found to contaminate groundwater. Atrazine is an endocrine disrupter in animals, and could possibly have carcinogenic effects in humans...Atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, has been found to contaminate groundwater. Atrazine is an endocrine disrupter in animals, and could possibly have carcinogenic effects in humans. A study involving farm families in four Kentucky Counties has been designed to assess exposure to atrazine through drinking water by a quick, reliable, and effective assay that could be performed in non-specialized laboratories. Data were obtained on farming practices and pesticide applications; and drinking water samples were collected from each household. Water consumption for the participants showed that 72% of the households consumed municipal water, 24% had private wells, and 4% used spring water as their source of drinking water. The analytical method used was based on Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The results were obtained using a magnetic-particle-based analysis with spectrophotometric reading and showed presence of atrazine in more than 90% of the samples. Results showed that community drinking water sources had significantly higher atrazine concentrations compared to non-community sources （p-value 〈 0.01）. The results of this study may be used to conduct further exposure assessments for drinking water protection from pesticide contamination.展开更多
Different VSA （Vacuum Swing Adsorption） cycles and process schemes have been evaluated to find suitable process configurations for effectively separating C02 from flue gases from different industrial sectors. The cy...Different VSA （Vacuum Swing Adsorption） cycles and process schemes have been evaluated to find suitable process configurations for effectively separating C02 from flue gases from different industrial sectors. The cycles were studied using an adsorption simulator developed in our research group, which has been suc- cessfully used to predict experimental results over severa~ years. Commercial zeolite APGIlI and granular ac- tivated carbon were used as the adsorbents. Three-bed VSA cycles with- and without-product purge and 2- stage VSA systems have been investigated. It was found that for a feed gas containing 15% CO2 （representing flue gas from power plants）, high CO2 purities and recoveries could be obtained using a three-bed zeolite APGII1 VSA unit for one stage capture, but with more stringent conditions such as deeper vacuum pressures of 1-3 kPa. 2-stage VSA process operated in series allowed us to use simple process steps and operate at more realistic vacuum pressures. With a vacuum pressure of 10 kPa, final C02 purity of 95.3% with a recov- ery of 98.2% were obtained at specific power consumption of 0.55 MJ. （kg CO2） 1 from feed gas containing 15% C02. These numbers compare very well with those obtained from a single stage process operating at I kPa vacuum pressure. The feed CO2 concentration was very influential in determining the desorption pressure necessary to achieve high separation efficiency. For feed gases containing 〉30% CO2, a singlestage VSA capture process operating at moderate vacuum pressure and without a product purge, can achieve very high product purities and recoveries.展开更多
This paper mainly shows the demonstration of solar air conditioning systems in China, which includes LiBr-H2O absorption cooling, silica gel-water adsorption chiller, desiccant cooling and hybrid integrated energy sys...This paper mainly shows the demonstration of solar air conditioning systems in China, which includes LiBr-H2O absorption cooling, silica gel-water adsorption chiller, desiccant cooling and hybrid integrated energy systems for buildings. The match of solar collector types and chiller types have been discussed and suggested.展开更多
We prepared a novel pitch-based activated carbon microsphere（ACM）and studied its in vitro adsorption characteristics for biological molecules.The original spherical asphalt particles were prepared through bitumen em...We prepared a novel pitch-based activated carbon microsphere（ACM）and studied its in vitro adsorption characteristics for biological molecules.The original spherical asphalt particles were prepared through bitumen emulsification.After oxidation and burning,ACMs with a range of parameters were prepared.In vitro adsorption experiments of ACMs for biological molecules were carried out.The prepared ACMs possessed a BET specific surface of 1566 m^2/g with a voidage of 0.653 cm^3/g and a volume of micropores of 0.478 cm^3/g.They showed high adsorption for glucose and creatintine.Compared with the medically used carbon powder,the prepared ACMs exhibited significantly lower adsorption for digestion enzymes.In conclusion,the prepared ACMs,as an oral adsorbent candidate,possessed higher BET specific surface area and larger volume of micropores;they also exhibited favorable selective adsorption features for biological molecules.展开更多
Due to the good controllability and high energy efficiency in adsorption processes,photoresponsive adsorbents are intriguing for CO2 capture.Nevertheless,most reported photoresponsive adsorbents are designed based on ...Due to the good controllability and high energy efficiency in adsorption processes,photoresponsive adsorbents are intriguing for CO2 capture.Nevertheless,most reported photoresponsive adsorbents are designed based on weak adsorption sites,regulating CO2 adsorption through structural change or steric hindrance.In addition,ultraviolet(UV)light is commonly involved in the regulation of adsorption capacity.Here we report for the first time the smart adsorbents for CO2 capture,which makes strong adsorption sites respond to visible(Vis)light.The adsorbents were fabricated by introducing primary amine and Dispersed Red 1(DR1,a kind of push-pull azobenzene that responds to Vis light rapidly)units to mesoporous silica,which act as strong adsorption sites and triggers,respectively.The primary amine sites make the adsorbents highly selective in the adsorption of CO2 over CH4.Without light irradiation,azobenzene is in the form of trans configuration,which leads to decreased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently,exposure of active sites and liberal adsorption of CO2.Upon Vis-light irradiation,cis isomers are formed,which results in increased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently shelter of active sites.Even on such strong adsorption sites,the alteration of CO2 adsorption capacity can reach 40%for the adsorbent with and without Vis-light irradiation.Moreover,the trans/cis isomerization of DR1 units can be triggered reversibly by Vis light.The present smart system endows adsorbents with selective adsorption capacity and avoids the employment of UV light,which is unlikely to be achieved by conventional photoresponsive adsorbents.展开更多
文摘Heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources is very serious in re- cent years, resulting in large losses of the agricultural economy and endangering human life and health. Due to the advantages of low cost, high efficiency and less secondary pollution, microbial ramediation technology is widely used in the treatment of heavy metal pollution in agricultural water resources. At present, with the progress of modern biotechnology, microbial remediation of heavy metals in agricul- tural water resources has grown rapidly. The sources and status quo of heavy met- al pollution in agricultural water resources at home and aboard, and the principles of microbial remediation of heavy metals pollution in agricultural water resources were reviewed in this paper, as well as the several common microbial remediation technology of heavy metals in agricultural water resources. Additionally, the further research work of heavy metal contaminated agricultural water resources by microbial ramediation were prospected.
文摘Phosphorus removal performance in an aerobic/aerobic sequencing batch reactor (SBR) supplied with glucose as carbon source was investigated. It was found that there was no phosphate release concomitant with the storing of poly-β-hydroxyalkanoate (PHA) during the anaerobic phase. Whereas, glycogen was soon built up followed by rapid consumption, at the same time, glucose was depleted rapidly. Based on the analysis of different fractions of phosphorus in activated sludge, the relative ratio of organically bound phosphorus in sludge changed at the end of anaerobic and aerobic phases. The ratios were 45.3% and 51.8% respectively. This showed that the polyphosphate broke down during the anaerobic phase to supply part of energy for PHA synthesis. The reason why there was no phosphate release might be the biosorption effect of extracellular exopolymers (EPS). It was also proved by the analysis of EPS with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The phosphorus weight percentage of EPS at the end of anaerobic phase was 9.22%.
文摘The purpose of this study is to develop low cost adsorbing materials to remove the heavy metals from waste waters. The outer covering of coconut, coconut shell, is the most abundant in the countries of its plantation and enormous use. Utilization of agricultural waste （coconut shell） in the production of activated carbon potentially leads to produce a highly effective adsorbent generated from low cost raw materials that are available in huge quantity as renewable resources. At present coconut shell is not in use as valuable entity due to which disposal and ultimate environmental problems are faced. In this study coconut shells were impregnated with phosphoric acid and chemically activated at 450 C. The potential to remove chromium （VI） from aqueous solution by using activated coconut shells was investigated by batch experiment. The various sorption parameters i.e pH, sorbent dose, sorbate concentration, agitation time and agitation speed were optimized. The sorption of Cr （VI） onto activated carbon, developed from coconut shell, at pH 2 was achieved 81.25%. The best optimum conditions were obtained when 0.75 gm of sorbent was agitated at 150 rpm with 60 mg/L of sorbate for 40 min. Activated coconut shells has potential to be a good resource material for effective removal of chromium （VI） of low concentration from wastewater.
文摘Brine is a solution of salt （usually sodium chloride） in water. In different contexts, brine may refer to salt solutions ranging from about 3.5% （a typical concentration of seawater, or the lower end of solutions used for brining foods） up to about 26% （a typical saturated solution, depending on temperature）. Adsorption onto activated carbon is the most widespread technology for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewaters. In this study, continuous fixed-bed-column systems were investigated. The adsorbents which authors use are： spruce （Picea abies） untreated, spruce modified by autohydrolysis. The column systems were filed with biomass at various initial dye concentrations, flow rates and bed-depths. The column kinetics of MB （Methylene Blue） adsorption on spruce （Picea abies） untreated, spruce modified by autohydrolysis was simulated. Economies arise when the facility that can use such adsorption materials is near a source of a lignocellulosic waste as agricultural residues, thus saving transportation cost and contributing to industrial ecology at local level.
基金Project(31030030) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Gp96, a member of HSP90 family, is a versatile molecular chaperone with various newly-discovered functions, for example to serve as a low affinity, high capacity calcium binding protein, a natural adjuvant for therapeutic cancer vaccines, a tumor rejection antigen, an immune regulator to pathological cell death. Its multi-functional and structural characteristics make it also an interesting target to develop antibody-based therapeutics. However, its low immunogenicity to mice, because of its high-sequence similarity among different species, is an obstacle to obtain valuable monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). This is a common problem for any low immunogenic proteins, whose sequences share close identity between mice and other species. Here, a new strategy of priming was employed by swine endogenous full-length gp96 and then boosting by E. coli-system heterologously expressed gp96 N-terminal fragment (N-355) to generate MAbs. Twelve different highly-specific MAbs against swine/human endogenous gp96 were successfully obtained. The binding activities of these MAbs were confirmed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Western blot (WB), immunofluorescence and flow cytometry analysis. This provides some important reagents for further research and potential therapeutics. The methods employed can be used for MAb production of any sequence-highly-conserved proteins between mice and swine/human (or any other species).
文摘Atrazine, one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States, has been found to contaminate groundwater. Atrazine is an endocrine disrupter in animals, and could possibly have carcinogenic effects in humans. A study involving farm families in four Kentucky Counties has been designed to assess exposure to atrazine through drinking water by a quick, reliable, and effective assay that could be performed in non-specialized laboratories. Data were obtained on farming practices and pesticide applications; and drinking water samples were collected from each household. Water consumption for the participants showed that 72% of the households consumed municipal water, 24% had private wells, and 4% used spring water as their source of drinking water. The analytical method used was based on Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay. The results were obtained using a magnetic-particle-based analysis with spectrophotometric reading and showed presence of atrazine in more than 90% of the samples. Results showed that community drinking water sources had significantly higher atrazine concentrations compared to non-community sources （p-value 〈 0.01）. The results of this study may be used to conduct further exposure assessments for drinking water protection from pesticide contamination.
基金Supported by the Corporate Research Centre for Greenhouse Gas Technology Foundation in Australiathe National Natural Science Foundation of China(51074205)
文摘Different VSA （Vacuum Swing Adsorption） cycles and process schemes have been evaluated to find suitable process configurations for effectively separating C02 from flue gases from different industrial sectors. The cycles were studied using an adsorption simulator developed in our research group, which has been suc- cessfully used to predict experimental results over severa~ years. Commercial zeolite APGIlI and granular ac- tivated carbon were used as the adsorbents. Three-bed VSA cycles with- and without-product purge and 2- stage VSA systems have been investigated. It was found that for a feed gas containing 15% CO2 （representing flue gas from power plants）, high CO2 purities and recoveries could be obtained using a three-bed zeolite APGII1 VSA unit for one stage capture, but with more stringent conditions such as deeper vacuum pressures of 1-3 kPa. 2-stage VSA process operated in series allowed us to use simple process steps and operate at more realistic vacuum pressures. With a vacuum pressure of 10 kPa, final C02 purity of 95.3% with a recov- ery of 98.2% were obtained at specific power consumption of 0.55 MJ. （kg CO2） 1 from feed gas containing 15% C02. These numbers compare very well with those obtained from a single stage process operating at I kPa vacuum pressure. The feed CO2 concentration was very influential in determining the desorption pressure necessary to achieve high separation efficiency. For feed gases containing 〉30% CO2, a singlestage VSA capture process operating at moderate vacuum pressure and without a product purge, can achieve very high product purities and recoveries.
基金support of this research from Nation-al Key Technologies R&D Program ( No.2006BAA04B03) is gratefully acknowledged.
文摘This paper mainly shows the demonstration of solar air conditioning systems in China, which includes LiBr-H2O absorption cooling, silica gel-water adsorption chiller, desiccant cooling and hybrid integrated energy systems for buildings. The match of solar collector types and chiller types have been discussed and suggested.
文摘We prepared a novel pitch-based activated carbon microsphere（ACM）and studied its in vitro adsorption characteristics for biological molecules.The original spherical asphalt particles were prepared through bitumen emulsification.After oxidation and burning,ACMs with a range of parameters were prepared.In vitro adsorption experiments of ACMs for biological molecules were carried out.The prepared ACMs possessed a BET specific surface of 1566 m^2/g with a voidage of 0.653 cm^3/g and a volume of micropores of 0.478 cm^3/g.They showed high adsorption for glucose and creatintine.Compared with the medically used carbon powder,the prepared ACMs exhibited significantly lower adsorption for digestion enzymes.In conclusion,the prepared ACMs,as an oral adsorbent candidate,possessed higher BET specific surface area and larger volume of micropores;they also exhibited favorable selective adsorption features for biological molecules.
基金the Excellent Young Scientists Fund from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21722606)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21676138,21878149 and 21808110)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M632295 and 2019T120419)。
文摘Due to the good controllability and high energy efficiency in adsorption processes,photoresponsive adsorbents are intriguing for CO2 capture.Nevertheless,most reported photoresponsive adsorbents are designed based on weak adsorption sites,regulating CO2 adsorption through structural change or steric hindrance.In addition,ultraviolet(UV)light is commonly involved in the regulation of adsorption capacity.Here we report for the first time the smart adsorbents for CO2 capture,which makes strong adsorption sites respond to visible(Vis)light.The adsorbents were fabricated by introducing primary amine and Dispersed Red 1(DR1,a kind of push-pull azobenzene that responds to Vis light rapidly)units to mesoporous silica,which act as strong adsorption sites and triggers,respectively.The primary amine sites make the adsorbents highly selective in the adsorption of CO2 over CH4.Without light irradiation,azobenzene is in the form of trans configuration,which leads to decreased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently,exposure of active sites and liberal adsorption of CO2.Upon Vis-light irradiation,cis isomers are formed,which results in increased electrostatic potential of primary amines and subsequently shelter of active sites.Even on such strong adsorption sites,the alteration of CO2 adsorption capacity can reach 40%for the adsorbent with and without Vis-light irradiation.Moreover,the trans/cis isomerization of DR1 units can be triggered reversibly by Vis light.The present smart system endows adsorbents with selective adsorption capacity and avoids the employment of UV light,which is unlikely to be achieved by conventional photoresponsive adsorbents.
