晋阳城的创建时间及其都城周回

晋阳古城,是山西省省会太原市的前身,已有2500余年历史,遗址在今太原市西南20公里的晋源区古城营村一带,现为全国重点文物保护单位.古城从创建至焚毁的1500余年间,一直是中国历史上北方的名城重镇,曾经做过15个朝代(包括诸侯国)的都城、别都、发祥地.宋初赵光义焚毁古城,至今时隔千年,古迹荡尽,史料散失,史学界对晋阳古城的创建时间及其都城的城垣周回,莫衷一是,众说纷纭.

明代周回9里左右的普通府城基址规模研究

明代全国有160个府,除13座布政司所在府城外,还可从地方志中采集到136座普通府城的周回数据。据此统计分析,其平均周回为9.1里,集中在9里左右的府城最为突出,故有必要对之作专门的研究。这些府城的历史沿革关系,存在新建、改建和沿袭旧城三种情况,大多数府城都经历了唐末五代至明的历史发展过程,并非明代一蹴而就。鉴于其中周回为'9里30步'、'9里13步'、'9里3分'的府城规模出现频率最高,故又对其历史成因和发展脉络作了进一步的探讨。

Analysis and Modeling of the Central Air-Conditioning System in Intelligent Buildings

The central air conditioning system in an intelligent building (IB) was analyzed and modeled in order to perform the optimization scheduling strategy of the central air conditioning system. A set of models proposed and a type of periodically autoregressive model (PAR) based on the improved genetic algorithms (IGA) were used to perform the optimum energy saving scheduling. The example of the Liangmahe Plaza was taken to show the effectiveness of the methods.

卷首

好的作品至少要读二遍以上。最初读时,不妨以收得梗概了解大意为主眼,再读时就须留心鉴赏了。用了'玩'的心情冷静地去对付作品,不可再囫囵吞咽,要仔细咀嚼,诗要反复地吟,词要低徊地诵,文要周回地默读,小说要耐心地细看。把前人鉴赏的结果,拿来做参考,足以发达鉴赏力。读词读诗,不感兴趣的,不妨去择一部诗话或词话读读;读小说不感兴趣的,不妨去一阅有人批过的本子。诗话,词话,文评。

Review and prospects: in celebration of the 20th anniversary of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition)

The twenty years history of Journal of Southeast University (English Edition) and its significant achievements are briefly reviewed. Based on the experiences accumulated over its twenty years, some suggestions for improving the quality of this English-language academic journal are proposed, including focusing on the report of the excellent disciplines of its sponsoring university, attracting high-level papers by giving the priority of publication, publishing special issues for experts and scholars at home and abroad, shortening publication period, and realizing the internationalization of the members of the editorial committee, etc.

Process of aluminum dross recycling and life cycle assessment for Al-Si alloys and brown fused alumina

In 2008,around 596 000 t of aluminum dross was generated from secondary aluminum industry in China;however,it was not sufficiently recycled yet.Approximately 95% of the Al dross was land filled without innocent treatment.The purpose of this work is to investigate Al dross recycling by environmentally efficient and friendly methods.Two methods of Al dross recycling which could utilize Al dross efficiently were presented.High-quality aluminum-silicon alloys and brown fused alumina(BFA) were produced successfully by recycling Al dross.Then,life cycle assessment(LCA) was performed to evaluate environmental impact of two methods of Al dross recycling process.The results show that the two methods are reasonable and the average recovery rate of Al dross is up to 98%.As the LCA results indicate,they have some advantages such as less natural resource consumption and pollutant emissions,which efficiently relieves the burden on the environment in electrolytic aluminum and secondary aluminum industry.

Life-cycle Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Capture for Enhanced Oil Recovery

The development and deployment of Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage （CCS） technology is a cornerstone of the Norwegian government＇s climate strategy. A number of projects are currently evaluated/planned along the Norwegian West Coast, one at Tjeldbergodden. COe from this project will be utilized in part for enhanced oil recovery in the Halten oil field, in the Norwegian Sea. We study a potential design of such a system. A combined cycle power plant with a gross power output of 832 MW is combined with CO2 capture plant based on a post-combustion capture using amines as a solvent. The captured CO2 is used for enhanced oil recovery （EOR）. We employ a hybrid life-cycle assessment （LCA） method to assess the environmental impacts of the system. The study focuses on the modifications and operations of the platform during EOR. We allocate the impacts connected to the capture of CO2 to electricity production, and the impacts connected to the transport and storage of CO2 to the oil produced. Our study shows a substantial reduction of the greenhouse gas emissions from power production by 80% to 75 g·（kW·h）^-1. It also indicates a reduction of the emissions associated with oil production per unit oil produced, mostly due to the increased oil production. Reductions are especially significant if the additional power demand due to EOR leads to power supply from the land.

Transcutaneous perianal sonography:A sensitive method for the detection of perianal inflammatory lesions in Crohn's disease

AIM:Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and endoanal ultrasound which are established imaging methods for perianal inflammatory lesions in patients with Crohn's disease require expensive specialized equipments and expertise.We investigated the feasibility and sensitivity of transcutaneous perianal ultrasound(PAUS)using regular ultrasound probes in the imaging of perianal inflammatory lesions.The sonographic findings were correlated to pelvic MR]-scans. METHODS:We performed PAUS in 25 patients with Crohn's disease and clinical signs of perianal inflammatory disease. Wibhin a median of 10 d(range 0-75)these patients underwent MRI of the pelvis.Regular convex and linear high resolution probes were used for PAUS.The sonographic findings were correlated to the MRI findings by blinded investigators. RESULTS:The sonographic investigations were well tolerated by all patients.Fistulae typically presented as hypoechoic tracks.Twenty-nine fistulae were detected in 22 patients.Abscesses were detected in 7 patients and presented as hypo-or anechoic formations.Twenty-six of 29 fistulae and 6 of 7 abscesses could be confirmed by MRI.Kappa statistics showed an excellent agreement (kappa>0.83)between the two imaging methods. CONCLUSION:PAUS is a simple,painless,feasible,real- time method that can be performed without specific patient preparation which is comparable in its sensitivity to pelvic MRI in the detection of perianal fistulae and/or abscesses. PAUS can especially be recommended as a screening tool in acute perianal disorders such as perianal abscess and for follow-up studies of perianal inflammatory disease.

Extracranial metastasis of anaplastic oligoastrocytoma

Extracranial metastasis(ECM) of glioma is a rare condition that occurs in the internal nervous axis. A 23-year-old woman presented with anaplastic oligoastrocytoma(WHO III) in a left temporal tumor. The patient received chemoradiotherapy after surgery in our center. Three years after treatment, the patient experienced multiple ECMs in the right lung, left iliac bone, and multiple swollen subcutaneous nodules including the right clavicle, back of the neck, left forearm, right upper arm, and right clavicle. The patient died of cerebral herniation at the age of 27 due to recurrent intracranial glioma. Treatment of ECM of glioma remains very challenging, and further investigations are needed.

Availability-based maintenance optimization under unequal inspection period and imperfect repair

Taking the multi-component system as research object, a maintenance optimization model based on the unequal inspection period and imperfect repair is established by considering the requirement of expected availability for improving the system＇s availability. An age reduction factor is used to describe the effect of imperfect repair, and the modelling approach for the unequal inspection period is proposed. Unavailable situations are classified into three kinds of independent cases, and the availability is calculated accordingly. Based on the analysis of the relationship between the unavailable cases and the unequal inspection period, an optimization model under imperfect repair is established to optimize the system＇s expected availability. A case study of a wind turbine is provided, and three key components, i.e. gearbox, generator and spindle, are considered. The optimization results of the unequal inspection period model and the equal inspection period model are compared. The results show that the unequal inspection period model based on availability can update the maintenance plan so as to optimize maintenance activities and improve the system＇s availability.

Thermodynamic analysis of simplified dual-pressure ammonia-water absorption power cycle

A simplified dual-pressure ammonia-water absorption power cycle(DPAPC-a) using low grade energy resources is presented and analyzed.This cycle uses turbine exhaust heat to distill the basic solution for desorption.The structure of the cycle is simple which comprises evaporator,turbine,regenerator(desorber),absorber,pump and throttle valves for both diluted solution and vapor.And it is of high efficiency,because the working medium has large temperature difference in evaporation and small temperature difference in absorptive condensation,which can match the sensible exothermal heat resource and the cooling water simultaneously.Orthogonal calculation was made to investigate the influence of the working concentration,the basic concentration and the circulation multiple on the cycle performance,with 85-110 ℃ heat resource and 20-32 ℃ cooling water.An optimum scheme was given in the condition of 110 ℃ sensitive heat resource and 20 ℃ cooling water,with the working concentration of 0.6,basic concentration of 0.385,and circulation multiple of 5.The thermal efficiency and the power recovery efficiency are 8.06 % and 6.66%,respectively.The power recovery efficiency of the DPAPC-a is 28.8% higher than that of the steam Rankine cycle(SRC) and 12.7% higher than that of ORC(R134a) under the optimized situation.

Evaluation of Greenhouse Gas Emissions from and the Economic Efficiency of the ＂Hita City Biomass Recycle Center＂

Many biomass recycling facilities have been established in Japan, but its environmental efficiencies have been studied little. MIC has stated that these facilities do not work as well as expected. The environmental and economic efficiencies ofa biomass recycling center （representative of other recycling facilities） in Hita city are assessed here. The center was built to decrease the amount of waste needing to be disposed of, and is unusual in that it generates electricity using the methane produced. Electricity produced from biomass sells at a higher price than electricity sold by electricity companies in Japan, and this strongly affects the recycling center operation. The environmental efficiency of the recycling center was assessed using a lifecycle assessment method, and the economic efficiency was assessed from the amounts of greenhouse gases emitted and the running costs. As the result, it was clear that the recycling center emits about 20% of the greenhouse gases that were previously emitted. Treating biomass at the recycling center costs 1,356 yen per ton of biomass throughout the year. In conclusion, the recycling center decreases the environmental footprint of Hita city. The cost of decreasing greenhouse gas emissions is about 1,400 yen per ton of biomass.

The Development of Green Design and Research on Product Design for Recycling

The paper analyze and comprehensive evaluate on the characteristics of the product life cycle in each link of the green product design and the life cycle, has obtained a series of design green design optimization method. In the choice of materials, this paper presented a method for the re-combination of recycled materials. In the recovery of the product it proposes the establishment of recycling system, and expounds the concept upgrade recovery. Design and manufacturing of green products and green recycling industry is the two most important link in green circular economic system, whether or not the coordinated development of the two sectors, is the key to the success or failure of the strategy of sustainable development.

Role of Periodic Input Composition and Sweeping Gas for Improvement of Hydrogen Production in a Palladium Membrane Reactor by Partial Oxidation of Methane

The partial oxidation of methane under periodic operation over Ni/y/-Al2O3 catalyst was investigated in a Pd-membrane reactor. The effects of key parameters such as the inlet composition and the sweeping, gas on methane conversion and the hydrogen recovery are numerically estalallshed with two penodtc input ttmctlons. In order to analyze the effect of the inputs modulation, the reaction was performed under low steam to methane ratio at a mod-erate temperature and pressure. It was obtained that to achieve process intensification is to operate the process in a periodic way. The main results show that the periodic input functions can improve the performance of the process compared to the optimal steady state operation. Moreover, there is an optimum amplitude of manipulated inputs leads to a maximum of hydrogen recovery. It is noteworthy that the comparison between the predicted performancevia the sinusoidal and the＇square ways show that the better＇average performance was obtainedwith the square way.

A Model for Periodic Nonlinear Electric Field Structures in Space Plasmas

In this study,we present a physical model to explain the generation mechanism of nonlinear periodic waveswith a large amplitude electric field structures propagating obliquely and exactly parallel to the magnetic field.The'Sagdeev potential' from the MHD equations is derived and the nonlinear electric field waveforms are obtained when theMach number,direction of propagation,and the initial electric field satisfy certain plasma conditions.For the parallelpropagation,the amplitude of the electric field waves with ion-acoustic mode increases with the increase of initial electricfield and Mach number but its frequency decreases with the increase of Mach number.The amplitude and frequency ofthe electric field waves with ion-cyclotron mode decrease with the increase of Mach number and become less spiky,andits amplitude increases with the increase of initial electric field.For the oblique propagation,only periodic electric fieldwave with an ion-cyclotron mode obtained,its amplitude and frequency increase with the increase of Mach number andbecome spiky.From our model the electric field structures show periodic,spiky,and saw-tooth behaviours correspondingto different plasma conditions.

Shakespeare＇ s Sonnets Dated

By using echoes in some sonnets to lines in certain plays, emphasizing those echoes which were not later repeated, and by applying dates to those plays, in 1926 Elizabeth Beckwith tentatively dated a third of the 154 in the entire sonnets cycle. Her belief was that an unintentional authorial pattern of usage would be less subjective than other approaches to dating the sonnets. Yet, by use of dates from external allusions later applied by Prof. Leslie Hotson and other scholars, this author suggests that it may be possible to extend the total number of datable sonnets to over half of the cycle. However, Beckwith did not use dates for the plays which were later to become a standard dating scheme accepted by most scholars today, and so adjustments of her dates would change the dates she awarded to many of her selected sonnets. This author suggests that even the standard dating scheme is flawed, particularly if Shakespeare was dead when the Sonnets were published in 1609. He suggests another dating regime that meshes quite well with both Beckwith＇s 52 and an additional 27. Thus, the result for the 79 sonnets is to avoid certain problems in the distribution that Beckwith＇s method generated. The net result is what Beckwith termed ＂a skeleton around which the remaining sonnets can be safely built＂, but for over half rather than only a third of the cycle. This author suggests a half＂skeleton＂ is more indicative of the chronology for the whole sonnets cycle than only a third.

Technical and Economic Aspects of Solar Space Heating in Palestine

A computer analysis of solar heating has been performed for Palestine. Results are presented for a prototype building using either fuel oil or gas under different heating loads in three climatic regions （Jordan valley, coastal, and hilly）. Cumulative cost flows are compared for the life-cycle present value technique. Optimum design magnitudes are determined for maximum life-cycle savings. The payback period for capital invested in a solar system, and total savings are found for the optimum conditions. Variations of system performance are estimated. The effects of collector slope, proportionate storage tank volume, heat-exchanger parameters, and the design load on system performance are studied. Finally the economics of solar heating in Palestine are discussed and recommendations are made for increased utilization of solar energy.

关于中国古代宫殿建筑群基址规模问题的探讨

本文从建筑群基址规模这一概念出发,对文献与考古资料中所体现的中国古代宫殿建筑群做了一个较为系统的探讨,既注意到建筑群基址规模随时代发展而逐渐缩小的趋势,也注意到建筑群基址规模可能是一个规制性的问题,即在大约相近的时代,同等级别的建筑群,如宫殿建筑群,其基址规模也是大体相当的。而同一时期建筑群中,等级较高的,其基址规模也比较大,因而,基址规模是中国古代建筑中一个具有标志性的不可替代的等级符号性建筑要素。从这一概念出发,本文对《周礼·考工记》中的王城规划思想做了分析,得出了更为接近古人记载的王城规划图式,并依据文献史料,发现金中都宫殿、元大都宫殿、明中都宫殿,甚至明南京圜丘坛,都采用了周回9里30步的基址规模尺度,此后的明南京、明清北京又沿袭了明中都宫殿的基址规模。而这一规制可以上溯到宋西京洛阳宫殿、宋汴梁金明池琼林苑,乃至隋唐洛阳宫城、北魏洛阳宫城的基址周回长度和基址面积规模。

读白鹤梁题刻札记四则

白鹤梁题刻始于唐代中期,由于其年代的久远,有些内容已经残泐,字迹模糊不清,辨识困难,所以正确释读其文字是准确理解题刻内容的前提。目前虽已有不少的相关研究成果,但各有千秋,特别是对其中字形的识读还有值得商榷的地方。文章选取了其中的四则结合拓片和题刻内容从文字与词汇、句意等方面进行了较为全面的考证。

A^200 ka pollen record from Okinawa Trough:Paleoenvironment reconstruction of glacial-interglacial cycles

Pollen analysis was carried out on the Core MD982194 of 29.78 m retrieved from the Middle Okinawa Trough which was dated as old as -200 ka BP. The results revealed that pollen assemblages mainly presented an alternation of coniferous and herb pollen. The coniferous saccate pollen, principally Pinus and Tsuga, predominated in most parts of the core, especially highlighted in the interstadial stages including MIS 1,3, 5 and MIS7, whereas the herb pollen significantly increased in the gla- cial periods. Thus the pollen flora and their percentages showed the sensitive changes under the influence of ice volume during the glacial and interglacial periods. Our record from this core has first documented that the percentage of Cyperaceae was ex- tremely high in the glacial stages with a notable increase in Artemisia, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Cbenopodiaceae, and freshwa- ter algae, which can be used as a proxy for sea-level change at the study site because of their close negative correlation of the orbital-scale changes in sea level. The distance between the continental coastline and the Okinawa Trough has deeply short- ened due to the sea-level drop in the LGM. As a result, the sediment materials from Yangtze River were extensively deposited on the flat, exposed continental shelf owing to the rapid decline of river flow speed, leading to that pollen grains from Okinawa Trough are derived mainly from the flat coastal vegetation of exposed continental shelf at glacial stages. Changes of pollen as- semblage were consistent with the variation of temperature and humidity, which showed that the percentage of arboreal pollen was highly augmented at MIS 7, 5 and MIS 1, corresponding to the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and in- creasing of rainfall. Moreover, the peak of Pinus percentage in MIS 5.3, 5.1 and MIS 3.3 may be closely linked by orbital and sub-orbital cycles of solar radiation and monsoonal variability. The present study of core MD981294 implied lower tempera- ture and precipitation during the lowest sea-level stage （LGM）, and more visibly testified that the vegetation of the flat plain on the exposed continental shelf was dominated by intrazonal communities such as halophyte grasslands and freshwater wetlands instead of zonal steppe or semi-arid desert. All above evidence demonstrated that the fundamental changes of pollen assem- blage and their origins in Okinawa Trough since -200 ka BP were affected by combine factors including the coastline position and climate fluctuation. Moreover, the substantial shortening of distance between shoreline and the Okinawa Trough driven by orbital insolation cycles was clearly indicated by the pollen spectra, whereas the source-area climate signal of the pollen record was largely weakened.