刚性圆管中血液周期振荡流的切应力分布

本文通过求解圆管内血液振荡流的基本方程,求得圆管内血液流的压力梯度与切应力之间的关系式。在此基础上,详细讨论了圆管中轴向流速和切变率谐波的变化规律,指出流速谐波和切变率谐波的幅值都将随着谐波次数的增大而逐渐减小。为了使所得结果便于应用,文章通过管轴向中心线流速与压力梯度之间的关系式,进一步给出一种利用管轴向中心线流速计算管内切应力分布的简便方法。该方法用于检测活体血管内血液振荡流的切应力分布,具有操作简单、精度较高的优点。最后,以人体颈动脉为例,讨论血液周期振荡流的切应力的分布特性。发现在任意时刻,除了邻近管壁处切应力急剧增大到一定数值之外,沿管截面切应力分布相当均匀且接近于零,呈现出与定常流不同的切应力分布特征。

用管轴流速确定动脉中血液振荡流的速度剖面

本文通过求解圆管内血液振荡流的基本方程,求得圆管内血液流的速度与压力梯度之间的关系式。文章提出一种利用管轴处流速计算管内压力梯度、进而确定血液振荡流动速度分布的方法。该方法用于检测活体血管内血液振荡流的速度剖面,具有操作简单、精度较高的优点。最后,以人体颈动脉为例,讨论血液周期振荡流的速度分布特性。发现在任意时刻,除了邻近管壁速度迅速降为零之外,沿管截面速度分布相当均匀,呈现出与定常流不同的速度分布特征。

局部扩张动脉管血液振荡流的切应力分布

本文求解局部缓慢扩张动脉管中血液振荡流的基本方程,得到血管内血液的流速与压力梯度的关系。通过导出压力梯度沿局部扩张管轴向的变化特性,建立利用扩张段上游血管均匀段中心流速波形确定局部扩张管中血液流的速度和切应力分布的方法。文章以人体颈动脉余弦扩张为例进行分析,详细讨论了局部扩张对血管壁切应力及其梯度分布的影响。数值结果表明,与在刚性均匀管中管壁切应力沿轴向保持不变不同,在局部扩张段,管壁切应力将随着血管半径的增大而减小,因而管壁切应力梯度一般不为零,甚至在某些位置达到相当大的数值。另外,随着血管扩张程度的增加,管壁切应力还将进一步减小,而且管壁切应力梯度也将进一步增大。血管扩张导致管壁切应力的这些变化将直接影响血管壁的结构和功能,使其产生适应性的变化。

垂直跌水池中的周期性振荡流研究

在垂直跌水池的水槽试验中,在一定的水力条件与跌水池尺寸相匹配时,跌水池内会形成舌流、滑行水流与周期性振荡流。针对实验观察的现象,采用数值模拟以及理论分析着重研究了跌水池中周期性振荡流的流动演变特性与消能机理,并初步探讨了周期性振荡流的产生机理。研究分析表明,该周期性振荡流的流态呈现有波破碎与水跃的形态,据此可将跌水池分为回流区、水平冲击区、垂直冲击区、表面振荡破碎区以及尾部漩涡区。由于流体的惯性与结构物对水流的反射作用扰动了原流场自由液面,在波和涡的相互作用下形成了周期性振荡流。

Multi-Time Scale Analysis of Runoff at the Yangtze Estuary Based on the Morlet Wavelet Transform Method

Runoff series of the Yangtze River presents an intricate variation tendency under the reinforced influence of human activities.The Morlet Wavelet Transform method has been applied to analyze the annual runoff data from 1950 to 2011 at the Yangtze River Estuary.It can clearly reveal the multi-time scales structure,break point,change and distribution of periodic variation in the different time scales of the runoff series.The main conclusions are that:1) Repeated periodic oscillations accompanied by an extremely large fluctuation are presented in the runoff series with an obvious difference between wet and dry years,and the major periods of the time series are about 3,8,16 and 23 years respectively.Among them,the presented maximum periodic oscillation is 23 years scale.2) In the 23-year time scale,the wet periods are 1950-1958,1969-1980 and 1992-2003,and the dry periods are 1959-1968,1981-1991 and 2004-2011.3) It can be predicted from the view of long time scales that the low annual runoff will likely occur in the near future.

Oscillating Propagation of Kink in Nondissipative Frenkel-Kontorova Chain Due to External DC Force

We report the oscillating propagation of kink in a nondissipative Frenkel-Kontorova （FK） chain driven by external DC force, which is different from the usual propagation of localized modes with equal speed. When the kink moves in the opposite direction of the external DC force, the kink will be accelerated and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field is transformed to be the kinetic energy of the kink. If the kink reaches the boundary of the FK chain, the kink will be bounced back and moves in the opposite direction, then the kink will be decelerated gradually and the kinetic energy of the kink ＆ transformed to be the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. If the speed of the kink reaches zero, the kink will move in the opposite direction again driven by the external DC force, and a new oscillating cycle begins. Simulation result demonstrates exactly the transformation between the kinetic energy of the kink and the potential of the FK chain in the external force field. The interesting energy exchange is induced by the special topology of kinks, and other localized modes, such as breathers and envelope solitons, have no the interesting phenomenon.

水流流经垂直式静水池流场三维数值模拟

该文研究利用三维的纳维-斯托克斯(N-S)模式,模拟在固定入流流量下不同静水池长度,所对应的滑流、水舌流与周期性振荡流三种流况。借助与文献的实验数据和二维模式结果在中央水面线和振荡流周期的比对,验证了该研究三维模式的正确性。文中尝试从流场涡旋结构去探讨这三种流况的流场力学机制与特性,尤其是周期振荡过程中静水池区两个涡旋的消长变化。最后讨论了流动特征、消能效率与底床剪应力分布,以进一步了解水流流经垂直式静水池流场的三维效应。

Simulation of shock wave buffet and its suppression on an OAT15A supercritical airfoil by IDDES

In the present paper,extremely unsteady shock wave buffet induced by strong shock wave/boundary-layer interactions (SWBLI) on the upper surface of an OAT15A supercritical airfoil at Mach number of 0.73 and angle of attack of 3.5 degrees is first numerically simulated by IDDES,one of the most advanced RANS/LES hybrid methods.The results imply that conventional URANS methods are unable to effectively predict the buffet phenomenon on the wing surface;IDDES,which involves more flow physics,predicted buffet phenomenon.Some complex flow phenomena are predicted and demonstrated,such as periodical oscillations of shock wave in the streamwise direction,strong shear layer detached from the shock wave due to SWBLI and plenty of small scale structures broken down by the shear layer instability and in the wake.The root mean square (RMS) of fluctuating pressure coefficients and streamwise range of shock wave oscillation reasonably agree with experimental data.Then,two vortex generators (VG) both with an inclination angle of 30 degrees to the main flow directions are mounted in front of the shock wave region on the upper surface to suppress shock wave buffet.The results show that shock wave buffet can be significantly suppressed by VGs,the RMS level of pressure in the buffet region is effectively reduced,and averaged shock wave position is obviously pushed downstream,resulting in increased total lift.

Decadal variations in the season advancement of spring water cycle over Eastern China

Spring is the critical period for atmospheric circulation transition from winter to summer. The spring water cycle is very im- portant to agriculture in planting crop and the initial growth of crop. Note that there was a significant abrupt decadal change in the water budget increase during early spring over eastern China in the late 1970s. Studied here are the decadal variations of water budgets over the key regions and the associated change of water cycle over East Asia and atmospheric circulation over Asia-West Pacific region in early spring, using the observed （OBS） precipitation, the ECMWF （ERA） and NCEP/NCAR rea- nalysis （NRA）, and the Mantua＇s Pacific decadal oscillation index （PDOI）. The water budget increments from March to April exhibited a sharp decrease over the key region around Huaihe River basin （HHR） （111°-120°E; 31°-36°N） after year 1978. Before 1977 the water vapor flux through south boundary of the HHR region increased greatly during March to April by 1.52 mm d^-1 in ERA and 1.88 mm d^-1 in NRA. Concurrently the moisture convergence and precipitation over the region also in- creased greatly. The increment for the moisture convergence was 1.11 mmd^-1 in ERA and 1.22 mm d^-1 in NRA, and for the precipitation was 1.05 mm d^-1 in observation and 1.05 mm d^-1 in ERA. April was the time that the water budgets over HHR increased most rapidly before 1977. But after 1978 the water budgets decreased conversely from Mach to April. The water vapor flux increment through the south boundary was -0.03 mmd^-1 in ERA and 0.01 mm d^-1 in NRA, the moisture conver- gence increment was -0.91 mm d^-1 in ERA and -0.53 mm d^-1 in NRA, and precipitation increment was -0.08 mm d^-1 in ob- servation and -0.15 mm d^-1 in ERA. Further investigation has shown that the large-scale atmospheric circulation in the early spring has correspondingly changed significantly after the late 1970s. During March to April, the weakening of the trough over East Asia became significantly slower, and the strengthening of the ridge over the west China became significantly faster in the middle troposphere after the late 1970s. At the same time, in the lower troposphere, the strengthening and northward extending of the west pan of the subtropical high and the weakening of the trough over the southwest part of the Aleutian low in the early spring became slower, and the weakening of the main part of Asian high became slower, but the strengthening of its west part became faster. This significant decadal change of circulation caused a sharp decrease in the northward extending speed of wa- ter vapor transport, and in the water budgets increasing speed over the southeastern China during early spring after the late 1970s.

MHD Flow and Heat Transfer of a Generalized Burgers' Fluid due to a Periodic Oscillating and Periodic Heating Plate

This paper investigates the MHD flow and heat transfer of the incompressible generalized Burgers＇ fluid due to a periodic oscillating plate with the effects of the second order slip and periodic heating plate. The momentum equation is formulated with multi-term fractional derivatives, and by means of viscous dissipation, the fractional derivative is considered in the energy equation. A finite difference scheme is established based on the Gl-algorithm, whose convergence is confirmed by the comparison with the analytical solution in an example. Meanwhile the numerical solutions of velocity, temperature and shear stress are obtained. The effects of involved parameters on velocity and temperature fields are presented graphically and analyzed in detail. Increasing the fractional derivative parameter a, the velocity and temperature have a decreasing trend, while the influences of fractional derivative parameter ,8 on the velocity and temperature behave conversely. Increasing the absolute value of the first order slip parameter and the second order slip parameter both cause a decrease of velocity. Furthermore, with the decreasing of the magnetic parameter, the shear stress decreases.