Drosophila neurexin(DNRX) plays a critical role in proper architecture development and synaptic function in vivo. However, the temporal and spatial expression pattern of DNRX still remains unclear. For this study, we ...Drosophila neurexin(DNRX) plays a critical role in proper architecture development and synaptic function in vivo. However, the temporal and spatial expression pattern of DNRX still remains unclear. For this study, we generated a novel Drosophila transgenic strain termed the DNRX-Gal4 transgenic line, with characteristic features in agreement with the endogenous DNRX expression pattern. DNRX expression was examined by driving the expression of a GFP reporter(nuclear-localized and membrane-localized GFP) using the DNRX-Gal4 promoter. We found that DNRX was expressed preferentially in central and motor neurons in embryos, larvae and adults, but not in glial cells. DNRX was expressed in pre- and post-synaptic areas in third instar larvae neuromuscular junctions(NMJs). Reporter expression was also observed in the salivary glands, guts, wings and legs of adult flies. In the adult brain, reporter expression was observed throughout several brain regions, including the mushroom body(MBs), antennal lobe(AL) and optic lobe neurons, which is consistent with endogenous DNRX expression via antibody staining. Interestingly, DNRX was also expressed in clock neurons. Meanwhile, we found that DNRX expression in the MBs was required for olfactory learning and memory.展开更多
AIM:The localization of CB1 receptors in the spinal cord,spinal roots,dorsal root ganglion(DRG),and peripheral nerve of the rat was determined.METHODS:We studied the distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors by immuno...AIM:The localization of CB1 receptors in the spinal cord,spinal roots,dorsal root ganglion(DRG),and peripheral nerve of the rat was determined.METHODS:We studied the distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors by immunohistochemistry using an antibody raised against the N-terminal of the receptor.RESULTS:The spinal cord showed numerous transverse fibers labelled for CB1 receptors throughout and concentrated in the dorsal horn.Lightly-stained cells were observed throughout the spinal cord gray matter.The DRG also showed cells and fibers labelled for CB1 receptors.Labelled fibers were observed in both dorsal and ventral roots as well as in peripheral nerves.CONCLUSION:The presence of CB1 receptors in the DRG,the dorsal root,and the dorsal horn is in accordance with the analgesic effects of cannabinoids.The presence of labelled cells and fibers in the ventral horn and ventral root provides a substrate for cannabinoid-induced muscle relaxant and antispastic effects.展开更多
This study demonstrated an unconventional way to cure peripheral nerve injury(PNI) with liquid metal gallium employed as the reconnection agent. In vivo experiments were performed, in which transected sciatic nerve of...This study demonstrated an unconventional way to cure peripheral nerve injury(PNI) with liquid metal gallium employed as the reconnection agent. In vivo experiments were performed, in which transected sciatic nerve of mouse was reconnected by liquid metal gallium.The nerve signals detected was found to be almost the same as those from the complete nerve, where the negative bursting firing caused by PNI was absent on the neural discharge curve after nerve-reconnection surgery. Meanwhile the atrophy tendency of gastrocnemius muscle was distinctly procrastinated according to the results of pathological examinations, which showed fibrillation potentials emerged immediately for mice with PNI but did not emerge until the third month for those received nerve-reconnection surgery. Furthermore, physical properties of gallium were studied, showing that its impedance was slightly influenced by the frequency of transmitted signal and the temperature, which confirmed the stability of gallium in future clinical usage. This technology is expected to perform well in clinical surgery for PNI and even central nervous system injury in the coming time.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Founda-tion of China(3117104131000486)the National Basic Research Program of China(2012CB517903)
文摘Drosophila neurexin(DNRX) plays a critical role in proper architecture development and synaptic function in vivo. However, the temporal and spatial expression pattern of DNRX still remains unclear. For this study, we generated a novel Drosophila transgenic strain termed the DNRX-Gal4 transgenic line, with characteristic features in agreement with the endogenous DNRX expression pattern. DNRX expression was examined by driving the expression of a GFP reporter(nuclear-localized and membrane-localized GFP) using the DNRX-Gal4 promoter. We found that DNRX was expressed preferentially in central and motor neurons in embryos, larvae and adults, but not in glial cells. DNRX was expressed in pre- and post-synaptic areas in third instar larvae neuromuscular junctions(NMJs). Reporter expression was also observed in the salivary glands, guts, wings and legs of adult flies. In the adult brain, reporter expression was observed throughout several brain regions, including the mushroom body(MBs), antennal lobe(AL) and optic lobe neurons, which is consistent with endogenous DNRX expression via antibody staining. Interestingly, DNRX was also expressed in clock neurons. Meanwhile, we found that DNRX expression in the MBs was required for olfactory learning and memory.
文摘AIM:The localization of CB1 receptors in the spinal cord,spinal roots,dorsal root ganglion(DRG),and peripheral nerve of the rat was determined.METHODS:We studied the distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors by immunohistochemistry using an antibody raised against the N-terminal of the receptor.RESULTS:The spinal cord showed numerous transverse fibers labelled for CB1 receptors throughout and concentrated in the dorsal horn.Lightly-stained cells were observed throughout the spinal cord gray matter.The DRG also showed cells and fibers labelled for CB1 receptors.Labelled fibers were observed in both dorsal and ventral roots as well as in peripheral nerves.CONCLUSION:The presence of CB1 receptors in the DRG,the dorsal root,and the dorsal horn is in accordance with the analgesic effects of cannabinoids.The presence of labelled cells and fibers in the ventral horn and ventral root provides a substrate for cannabinoid-induced muscle relaxant and antispastic effects.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51376102)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘This study demonstrated an unconventional way to cure peripheral nerve injury(PNI) with liquid metal gallium employed as the reconnection agent. In vivo experiments were performed, in which transected sciatic nerve of mouse was reconnected by liquid metal gallium.The nerve signals detected was found to be almost the same as those from the complete nerve, where the negative bursting firing caused by PNI was absent on the neural discharge curve after nerve-reconnection surgery. Meanwhile the atrophy tendency of gastrocnemius muscle was distinctly procrastinated according to the results of pathological examinations, which showed fibrillation potentials emerged immediately for mice with PNI but did not emerge until the third month for those received nerve-reconnection surgery. Furthermore, physical properties of gallium were studied, showing that its impedance was slightly influenced by the frequency of transmitted signal and the temperature, which confirmed the stability of gallium in future clinical usage. This technology is expected to perform well in clinical surgery for PNI and even central nervous system injury in the coming time.
