芹菜不同种植方式对3种蔬菜田烟粉虱的控制作用

通过在黄瓜、辣椒、番茄3种蔬菜田四周和行间间作芹菜(品种‘中华药芹’),研究芹菜不同种植方式和不同间作密度对3种蔬菜上烟粉虱的控制作用。结果表明,辣椒田以8∶1(每8行辣椒间作1行芹菜)、5∶1、3∶1的比例间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达62.45%、73.33%、86.67%,周植(在蔬菜种植小区四周"围栏状"种植1行芹菜,株距10cm)虫口减退率与芹菜间作5∶1相当;黄瓜田以1∶1和3∶1密度间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达77.14%、42.86%、5∶1间作时与对照差异不显著,周植芹菜仅在黄瓜生育前中期对烟粉虱有一定控制效果,在黄瓜生育后期无明显的控制效果;番茄田以3∶1与5∶1间作芹菜,烟粉虱虫口减退率最高分别可达90.12%、75.49%、8∶1间作时与对照差异不显著,周植芹菜仅在番茄生育前期对烟粉虱有一定控制效果,在番茄生育中后期无明显的控制效果。

Effects of blue light on gametophyte development of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Laminaria gametophyte was greatly influenced by light in its growth and development. Using light-emitting diodes (LED) as blue and red light sources, we analyzed the light effect on gametophytes devel- opment of Laminaria japonica Aresch. The gametophytes were obtained from zoospores collected in April, May, July, 2003 and September, 2004. We found that the growth of gametophytes was stimulated by increasing inten- sity of blue light (BL) and red light (RL) illumination, of which BL was obviously stronger than that of RL. The fertilization of gametophytes depended largely on BL, and only sufficient BL illumination could take the repro- ductive effect. In addition, we noticed that there was a significant difference in light responses for gametophytes developed from zoospore collected in different times. For zoospores released in April, under BL1 (73.90 μmol photons/m·s), the unicellular female gametophytes and multi-cellular male gametophytes produced eggs and sperms respectively, and further developed towards sporophytes. However, for gametophytes developed in May, July or September, they became multi-cellular and never formed oogonia or antheridia. It is believed that the Laminaria sporangium maturation stage could affect the gametophytes reaction to BL under laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, cryptochrome- or phototropin-like BL photoreceptors is probably involved in BL-induced development of Laminaria gametophytes.

The biochemical control of the cell cycle by growth regulators in higher plants

The cell cycle is an important research field in cell biology and it is genetically and developmentally regulated in animals and plants. The aim of this study was to review knowledge about the biochemical regulation of the cell cycle by plant growth regulators through molecular checkpoints that regulate the transition from G0-G1-S-phase and G2-M in higher plants. Recent research has shown that zeatin treatment led to the up-regulation of CycD3 in Arabidopsis. Benzyladenine treatment can also shorten the duration of S-phase through recruitment of latent origins of DNA replication. Kinetin is involved in the phosphoregulation of the G2-M checkpoint; the major cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) at this checkpoint has recently shown to be dephosphorylated as a result of cytokinin treatment, an effect that can also be mimicked by the fission yeast Cdc25 phos-phatase. Gibberellic acid (GA) treatment induces internode elongation in deepwater rice, this response is mediated by a GA-induced up-regulation of a cyclin-Cdk at the G2-M checkpoint. Recent evidence has also linked abscisic acid to a cy-clin-dependent kinase inhibitor. A new D-type cyclin, recently discovered in Arabidopsis may have a key role in this process. A brief review on plant growth regulator-cell cycle interfacing during development and a cytokinin-induced continuum of cell cycle activation through the up-regulation of a plant D-type cyclin at the G1 checkpoint and the phosphoregulation of the Cdk at the G2/M checkpoint had been concluded. This review could be valuable to research on cell and developmental biology in plants.

Integration of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm

Plants become photosynthetic through de-etiolation, a developmental process regulated by red/far-red light-absorbing phytochromes and blue/ultraviolet A light-absorbing cryptochromes. Genetic screens have identified in the last decade many far-red light signaling mutants and several red and blue light signaling mutants, suggesting the existence of distinct red, far-red, or blue light signaling pathways downstream of phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, genetic screens have also identified mutants with defective de-etiolation responses under multiple wavelengths. Thus, the opti- mal de-etiolation responses of a plant depend on coordination among the different light signaling pathways. This review intends to discuss several recently identified signaling components that have a potential role to integrate red, far-red, and blue light signalings. This review also highlights the recent discoveries on proteolytic degradation in the desensitization of light signal transmission, and the tight connection of light signaling with photoperiodic flowering and circadian rhythm. Studies on the controlling mechanisms of de-etiolation, photoperiodic flowering, and circadian rhythm have been the fascinating topics in Arabidopsis research. The knowledge obtained from Arabidopsis can be readily applied to food crops and ornamental species, and can be contributed to our general understanding of signal perception and transduction in all organisms.

Kinetics of phytohemaglutinin-induced IFN-γ and TNF-a expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis B after liver transplantation

AIM： To study the association between host immunity and hepatitis B virus （HBV） recurrence after liver transplantation. METHODS： Peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMC） were isolated from 40 patients with hepatitis B and underwent orthotopic liver transplantation （OLT） before and 2, 4, 8 wk after surgery. After being cultured in vitro for 72 h, the levels of INF-γ and TNF-α in culture supematants were detected with ELISA. At the same time, the quantities of HBV DNA in serum and PBMCs were measured by real time PCR. RESULTS： The levels of INF-γ and TNF-α in PBMC culture supernatants decreased before and 2, 4 wk after surgery in turns （INF-γ 155.52±72.32 ng/L vs 14.76±9.88 ng/L vs 13.22±10.35 ng/L, F= 6.946, P= 0.027〈0.05; TNF-α 80.839±46.75 ng/L vs18.59±17.29 ng/L vs9.758±7.96 ng/L, F= 22.61, P = 0.0001〈0.05）. The levels of INF-γ and TNF-α were higher in groups with phytohemagglutinin （PHA） than in those without PHA before surgery. However, the difference disappeared following OLT. Furthermore, INF-γ and TNF-α could not be detected in most patients at wk 4 and none at wk 8 after OLT. The HBV detection rate and virus load in PBMC before and 2, 4 wk after surgery were fluctuated （HBV detected rate： 51.4%, 13.3%, 50% respectively; HBV DNA： 3.55±0.674 log（10） copies/mL vs 3.00±0.329 log（10） copies/mL vs 4.608±1.344 log（10） copies/mL, F= 7.582, P= 0.002〈0.05）. HBV DNA in serum was 4.48±1.463 log（10） copies/mL before surgery and 〈 10^3 copies/mL after OLT except for one with 5.72×10^6 copies/mL 4 wk after OLT who was diagnosed as HBV recurrence. The levels of INF-γ and TNF-α were lower in patients with a high HBV load than in those with a low HBV load （HBV DNA detected/undetected in PBMCs： IFN-γ 138.08±72.44 ng/L vs 164.24±72.07 ng/L, t = 1.065, P= 0.297〉0.05, TNF-α 80.75±47.30 ng/L vs 74.10±49.70 ng/L, t= 0.407, P= 0.686〉 0.05; HBV DNA positive/negative： IFN-γ 136.77±70.04 ng/L vs 175.27±71.50 ng/L, t= 1.702, P= 0.097〉0.05; TNF-α 75.37±43.02 ng/L vs 81.53±52.46 ng/L, t = 0.402, P = 0.690〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： The yielding of INF-γ and TNF-α from PBMCs is inhibited significantly by immunosuppressive agents following OLT with HBV load increased, indicating that the impaired immunity of host is associated with HBV recurrence after OLT.

Effect of peripheral nerve on the neurite growth from retinal explants in culture

The effect of peripheral nerve (PN) on neurite outgrowth from retinal explants of adult hamsters was examined. Cultures of retinal explants, and co-cultures of retinal explants and PN were performed using chick retinal basement membrane (BM) as substrate. The presence of PN increases the number and length of neurite outgrowth. In addition, a high proportion of neurites situated close to PN tend to grow towards it. Since there was no contact between retinal ex-plants and PN, we suggest that PN might secrete diffusible substances to attract the neurites to grow towards it.

A generic methodological framework for accurately quantifying greenhouse gas footprints of crop cultivation systems

The greenhouse gas （GHG） footprint of an agricultural system is a measure of the climate change impact potential （CCIP） exerted by the formation of its product（s）, its accurate quantification is essential for determining the green value added tax of agricultural products for food markets, which in turn may drastically change the current patterns of food consumption and production towards a product life cycle oriented economy. This paper reviews the literature regarding GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems.The review concludes that few studies have fully considered the categories/ items of net GHG emissions from an investigated crop cultivation system, and thus probably led to biases in footprint estimation. Most studies to date have even neglected changes in the soil organic carbon stocks of ecosystems with annual crops, while process-oriented biogeochemical models so far have seldom been involved in GHG footprint quantification.To help with solving these problems or drawbacks, the authors propose a generic methodological framework for quantifying GHG footprints of crop cultivation systems free from grazing, which takes into account all direct/indirect GHG contributors within a ＇cradle-to-gate＇ life cycle. The authors then provide example values of some GHG emission factors, such as those from machinery operations and other agricultural inputs, extracted from the literature. In addition, direct measurements or model simulations of other major on-farm emission factors are emphasized. The need to further update this methodological framework in future studies, especially by adapting it to mixed crop-livestock production systems, is also indicated.

Rare myeloid sarcoma/acute myeloid leukemia with adrenal mass after allogeneic mobilization peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

Myeloid sarcoma(MS)is a rare hematological neoplasm that develops either de novo or concurrently with acute myeloid leukemia(AML).This neoplasm can also be an initial manifestation of relapse in a previously treated AML that is in remission.A 44-year-old male patient was diagnosed with testis MS in a local hospital in August 2010.After one month,bone marrow biopsy and aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of AML.Allogeneic mobilization peripheral blood stem cell transplantation was performed,with the sister of the patient as donor,after complete remission(CR)was achieved by chemotherapy.Five months after treatment,an adrenal mass was detected by positron emission tomography-computed tomography(PET-CT).Radiotherapy was performed for the localized mass after a multidisciplinary team(MDT)discussion.The patient is still alive as of May 2013,with no evidence of recurrent MS or leukemia.

Allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for leukemia

Objective To observe engraftment kinetics, the incidence and severity of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and clinical outcome on 40 recipients undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-PBSCT).Methods From June 1997 to May 1999, forty leukemia patients with a median age of 35 years underwent allo-PBSCT. PBSC were mobilized with G-CSF at a dose of 5 μg/kg s.c. every 12 hours for 5 days. A median of 7.7 (2.0 - 16.8) × 106 CD34+ cells/kg was infused into the recipients. Busulfancyclophosphamide (BU-CY) was used as the conditioning regimen. All patients received cyclosporine A and either methotrexate ( n = 34) or methylprednisolone ( n = 6) for GVHD prophylaxis.Results Engraftment of neutrophils and platelets was achieved at a median of 13 days (9- 28 days) and 12 days (7- 60 days) respectively. Patients receiving ≥4×106 CD34+ cells/kg or given G-CSF post transplant had significantly accelerated neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Acute GVHD occurred in 17 of 40 patients (42.5％), with grade Ⅱ-Ⅳ acute GVHD in 10 patients (25％). Chronic GVHD developed in 21 (9 extensive, 12 limited) out of 30 evaluable patients (21/30, 70％) with a median follow up of 380 days (180-900 days). Transplant related mortality was 17.5％ end the relapse rate was 10％. The probability of leukemia free survival at 3 years was 72.5％.Conclusion Allo-PBSCT can provide rapid hematopoietic reconstitution without an increased incidence of acute GVHD, but may be associated with a high risk of chronic GVHD.

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation in the patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors

Objective To evaluate the long-term therapeutic effects of autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (auto-PBSCT) on the treatment of hematological and solid tumors.Methods Fifty-one patients were recruited in this auto-PBSCT study, in which several potentially important parameters were studied including the optimal time for stem cell collection, the dose of stem cell reinfusion, the time of hematopoietic reconstitution, the disease free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS), complications related to transplantation, and maintenance chemotherapy after auto-PBSCT.Results After APBSCT, 3-year and 5-year survival rates of NHL were 83.3%; those of AML were 74.7%; those of MM were 37.9% and 19%; those of ALL were 40% and 0% respectively. Hematopoietic reconstitution was greatly promoted by granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). The mean time for patients' neutrophil to recover up to >0.5×109/L after APBSCT was 11.14 days in the group of the patients receiving G-CSF in contrast to 17.6 days in the group receiving no G-CSF. The most common complications of transplantation were fever, liver dysfunction and hypokalaemia, which were curable. No death was due to transplantation related complications.Conclusion Comparing with conventional chemotherapy, our study suggests that auto-PBSCT is a very important therapeutic option that can significantly improve the prognosis in the patients with hematological and solid tumors, especially in the patients with AML and NHL.

Peripheral deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty using a cryopreserved donor cornea for Terrien's marginal degeneration

Objective： To evaluate the clinical efficacy of peripheral deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty （DALK） using a cryopreserved donor cornea for Terrien＇s marginal degeneration （TMD）. Methods： Thirty-one eyes of 27 patients with TMD underwent peripheral DALK using cryopreserved donor corneas, According to the distance between the inner edge of the lesion and the limbus, a ring-shaped or D-shaped DALK was performed. All grafts were stored at -20 ℃. Cryopreserved comeoscleral rims were prepared for ring-shaped grafts and cryopreserved whole eyeballs were prepared for D-shaped grafts. The general conditions, intraoperative performance, postoperative corneal reconstruc- tion, astigmatism, best corrected visual acuity （BCVA）, and various complications were analyzed. Results： Ring-shaped DALK was performed in 28 eyes and D-shaped DALK was performed in 3 eyes. Postoperative follow-up time was （28.4±24.8） months. There was evidence of inflammation before surgery in 12 eyes （38.7%） and intraoper- ative perforation occurred in 13 eyes （41.9%）. The corneal structures of all eyes were reconstructed. Postoperative astigmatism and BCVA showed improvement （both P=0.00） except for cases that underwent D-shaped DALK. Ten eyes （32.2%） developed transient ocular hypertension and one eye （3.2%） developed secondary glaucoma. No pri- mary disease recurrence or corneal allograft rejection was observed. Conclusions： Peripheral DALK for TMD using cryopreserved donor tissue is an effective technique that eliminates rejection and extends the use of donor eyes. Inflammatory history or intraoperative perforation has no adverse effect on graft recovery. However, D-shaped DALK did not achieve good visual outcomes.

Vascularized peripheral nerve trunk autografted in the spinal cord: a new experimental model in adult rats

Objective: To investigate the effect of vascularized peripheral nerve trunk autografted in spinal cord. Methods: With modern microsurgical technique, vascularized peripheral median and ulnar nerve trunk autografted in the upper thoracic region of the spinal cord were established in 20 female adult rats. The origin and the termination of axons in the graft were studied by retrograde neuronal labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Cord, nerve grafts and some normal median and ulnar nerves in the right upper limb were removed and sectioned for Bielschowskys silver stain and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain. Light and electron microscopic examination and electrophysiological examination were applied. Results: The grafts were innervated by many new fibers. Studies with HRP indicated that new axons in graft were originated from intrinsic central nervous system (CNS) neurons with their cell bodies from brain stem to sacral segments of spinal cord. Other axons arose from dorsal root ganglia at the level of graft and at least 19 distal segments to them. Together with electron microscopy, electrophysiological examination, silver and H&E stain, the results demonstrated that vascularized peripheral nerve trunk grafted in spinal cord attracted many neurons to grow into the nerve grafts.Conclusions: The findings implicate that CNS is able to regenerate much better in vascularized nerve autografted in spinal cord.

Effects of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria, Rock Phosphate and Chemical Fertilizers on Maize-Wheat Cropping Cycle and Economics

A two-year field study was conducted to test the effects of two phosphate-solubilizing bacteria(PSB), Pantoea cypripedii(PSB-3)and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida(PSB-5), inoculated singly or together with rock phosphate(RP) fertilization on maize and wheat cropping cycle by comparing with chemical P fertilizer(diammonium phosphate, DAP), mainly in the crop yield, soil fertility and economic returns. Inoculation of PSB together with RP fertilization increased the crop growth in terms of shoot height, shoot and root dry biomass, grain yield and total P uptake in both maize and wheat crops compared to the other treatments. Soil fertility in the context of available P, enzyme activities and PSB population in both maize and wheat crops was significantly improved with PSB inoculation together with RP fertilization compared to DAP treatment. The combined use of PSB inoculation and RP fertilization was more economical due to minimal cost and maximum returns. These results suggested that PSB inoculation along with RP fertilization would be an appropriate substitute for chemical phosphate fertilizer application in sustainable agriculture systems.

Root microbiota shift in rice correlates with resident time in the field and developmental stage

Land plants in natural soil form intimate relationships with the diverse root bacterial microbiota. A growing body of evidence shows that these microbes are important for plant growth and health. Root microbiota composition has been widely studied in several model plants and crops; however, little is known about how root microbiota vary throughout the plant's life cycle under field conditions. We performed longitudinal dense sampling in field trials to track the time-series shift of the root microbiota from two representative rice cultivars in two separate locations in China. We found that the rice root microbiota varied dramatically during the vegetative stages and stabilized from the beginning of the reproductive stage, after which the root microbiota underwent relatively minor changes until rice ripening. Notably, both rice genotype and geographical location influenced the patterns of root microbiota shift that occurred during plant growth. The relative abundance of Deltaproteobacteria in roots significantly increased overtime throughout the entire life cycle of rice, while that of Betaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Gammaproteobacteria decreased. By a machine learning approach, we identified biomarker taxa and established a model to correlate root microbiota with rice resident time in the field(e.g., Nitrospira accumulated from 5 weeks/tillering in field-grown rice). Our work provides insights into the process of rice root microbiota establishment.

A^200 ka pollen record from Okinawa Trough:Paleoenvironment reconstruction of glacial-interglacial cycles

Pollen analysis was carried out on the Core MD982194 of 29.78 m retrieved from the Middle Okinawa Trough which was dated as old as -200 ka BP. The results revealed that pollen assemblages mainly presented an alternation of coniferous and herb pollen. The coniferous saccate pollen, principally Pinus and Tsuga, predominated in most parts of the core, especially highlighted in the interstadial stages including MIS 1,3, 5 and MIS7, whereas the herb pollen significantly increased in the gla- cial periods. Thus the pollen flora and their percentages showed the sensitive changes under the influence of ice volume during the glacial and interglacial periods. Our record from this core has first documented that the percentage of Cyperaceae was ex- tremely high in the glacial stages with a notable increase in Artemisia, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Cbenopodiaceae, and freshwa- ter algae, which can be used as a proxy for sea-level change at the study site because of their close negative correlation of the orbital-scale changes in sea level. The distance between the continental coastline and the Okinawa Trough has deeply short- ened due to the sea-level drop in the LGM. As a result, the sediment materials from Yangtze River were extensively deposited on the flat, exposed continental shelf owing to the rapid decline of river flow speed, leading to that pollen grains from Okinawa Trough are derived mainly from the flat coastal vegetation of exposed continental shelf at glacial stages. Changes of pollen as- semblage were consistent with the variation of temperature and humidity, which showed that the percentage of arboreal pollen was highly augmented at MIS 7, 5 and MIS 1, corresponding to the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and in- creasing of rainfall. Moreover, the peak of Pinus percentage in MIS 5.3, 5.1 and MIS 3.3 may be closely linked by orbital and sub-orbital cycles of solar radiation and monsoonal variability. The present study of core MD981294 implied lower tempera- ture and precipitation during the lowest sea-level stage （LGM）, and more visibly testified that the vegetation of the flat plain on the exposed continental shelf was dominated by intrazonal communities such as halophyte grasslands and freshwater wetlands instead of zonal steppe or semi-arid desert. All above evidence demonstrated that the fundamental changes of pollen assem- blage and their origins in Okinawa Trough since -200 ka BP were affected by combine factors including the coastline position and climate fluctuation. Moreover, the substantial shortening of distance between shoreline and the Okinawa Trough driven by orbital insolation cycles was clearly indicated by the pollen spectra, whereas the source-area climate signal of the pollen record was largely weakened.

The role of miR156 in developmental transitions in Nicotiana tabacum

Plants undergo a series of developmental transitions during their life cycle. After seed germination, plants pass through two distinct phases: the vegetative phase in which leaves are produced and the reproductive phase in which flowering occurs. Based on the reproductive competence and morphological changes, the vegetative phase can be further divided into juvenile and adult phases. Here, we demonstrate that the difference between juvenile and adult phase of Nicotiana tabacum is characterized by the changes in leaf size, leaf shape as well as the number of leaf epidermal hairs(trichomes). We further show that miR156, an age-regulated microR NA, regulates juvenile-to-adult phase transition in N. tabacum. Overexpression of miR156 results in delayed juvenile-to-adult transition and flowering. Together, our results support an evolutionarily conserved role of miR156 in plant developmental transitions.

Nanophase formation and its behavior of corrosion resistance in C+ Ti dual implanted steel

After corrosion and pitting corrosion, the wire nanometer phases are observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) in C+Ti dual implanted H13 steel. The property of corrosion resistance dual-implanted (C+Ti) H13 steel is studied using multi-sweep cyclic voltammetry. TEM images of the cross section of an implanted sample reveal plenty of circular nanometer structures with diameters of 10–30 nm. The phases are densely embedded in the implanted layer. The embedded structure improves the surface corrosion resistance, as can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The phases with the shape of a tiny wire in nanometer size are formed. The nanometer phases, consisting of TiC, FeTi and FeTi2, are formed in dual implanted layer. The corrosion current peak density decreases to 1/16–1/10 that of the unimplanted H13 steel. The formation conditions of the nanometer phases and their effects are investigated. The passivation layer consists of nanometer phases. The corrosion resistance of the dual implantation can be further enhanced with an increase in ion dose.

Functional recovery of sciatic nerve through inside-out vein graft in rats

Objective： Present study aimed at further comprehensive functional, histomorphometrical and immunohistochemical assessment of peripheral nerve regeneration using rat sciatic nerve transection model.Methods： The 10-mm rat sciatic nerve gap was created in rats. In control group nerve stumps were sutured to adjacent muscle and in treatment group the gap was bridged using an inside-out vein graft. In sham-operated group the nerve was manipulated and left intact. All animals underwent walking track analysis test 4, 8, and 12 weeks after surgery.Subsequently, muscle mass measurement was performed to assess reenervation, histological examination to observe the sciatic nerve regeneration morphologically and immunohistochemistry to detect Schwann cells using anti S-100. Results were analyzed using a factorial ANOVA with two between-subjects factors. Bonferroni test for pairwise comparisons was used to examine the effect of treatments.Results： Functional analysis ofmyelinated nerve fibers showed that nerve function improved significantly in the time course in treatment group. However, quantitative morphometrical analysis of myelinated nerve fibers showed that there was no significant difference between 8 and 12 weeks in treatment group. Muscle weight ratio was bigger and weight loss of the gastrocnemius muscle was ameliorated by inside-out vein grafting. The position of positive immunohistochemical reactions further implied that regenerated axons and Schwann cell-like cells existed after vein grafting was performed, and was accompanied by the process of myelination and structural recovery of regenerated nerves.Conclusion： Functional analysis of peripheral nerve repair is far more reliable than quantitative morphometrical analysis

Effects of Biochars and Other Organic Soil Amendments on Plant Nutrient Availability in an Ustoxic Quartzipsamment

A sandy soil, Nampong soil （classified as Ustoxic Quartzipsamment）, was incubated under controlled condition i） to compare the mineralization of major plant nutrients derived from different types of biochars and other organic soil amendments; ii） to examine their effects on soil properties and plant nutrient availability; and iii） to evaluate the plant nutrient losses in leachate from the rooting zone of soil incorporated with the different amendments. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Five treatments of soil amendments used were cassava stem base biochar （CSB）, rice husk biochar （RHB）, chicken manure （CM）, compost （CP）, and no amendment application （control）. The RHB treatment released the highest amounts of mineralized NO^-N, available P and K （2.30-17.26, 5.50-42.90 and 43.00-187.63 mg kg-1, respectively） while the CM treatment releasing the highest NH4＋-N in the range of 1.86-53.67 mg kg-1. The CSB and RHB treatments showed better continuity of mineralization of nutrients than the treatments of CM and CP, particularly in the case of the CSB treatment. In the soil column incubation experiment, the amounts of NH4＋-N and NO3-N in all treatments barely changed on Day 1 to Day 30 of incubation and then the amounts increased markedly on Day 60. On Day 601 the RHB treatment contained a very high amount of NO3--N （〉 250 mg kg-1）. This suggests that N would become more available 30 d after the incorporation. The CM treatment gave the highest amounts of organic matter and available P in the ranges of 4.64-8.94 g kg-1 and 14.41-36.33 mg kg-1, respectively, during the 60-d column incubation. The CSB treatment tended to have higher available K throughout the measuring period. The NO3--N was leached from the soil column quite quickly on Day 1 of incubation while the loss of NH^-N decreased slightly from Day 1 until the end of the measurement. The amounts of P and K losses varied with the type of soil amendments, and the pattern of the loss was irregular.