国家女子网球队周课训练模式特征分析

运用跟队观察、访谈调研等方法,对国家女子网球队周课训练模式特征进行分析、总结,旨在进一步提高奥运备战选手的训练水平,探索和揭示职业网球训练规律,探寻、构建适合我国国情的高水平女子网球训练模式,为我国网球项目实施科学训练提供实践和理论依据。

高中“周模式·一单元·五环节”写作教学构想与实践

针对传统写作教学中存在的种种弊端,笔者提出写作'度'意识教学的理念和写作'周模式·一单元·五环节'的教学构想,并进行了实践。此举旨在真正实现写作教学的理论性与实践性、指导性与操作性、目的性与高效性的高度统一,以及写作教学课程、教学流程与教学内容的高度统一,使学生能顺利地写出文质兼美、富有个性、具有创意表达的文章,真正达到'教师善教、学生善写'的境界。

Construction of project quality health monitoring system based on life-cycle theory

In order to more effectively assess the health status of a project, the monitoring indices in a project＇s life cycle are divided into quality index, cost index, time index, satisfaction index, and sustainable development index. Based on the feature of qualitative and quantitative indices combining, the PCA-PR （principal component analysis and pattern recognition） model is constructed. The model first analyzes the principal components of the life-cycle indices system constructed above, and picks up those principal component indices that can reflect the health status of a project at any time. Then the pattern recognition model is used to study these principal components, which means that the real time health status of the project can be divided into five lamps from a green lamp to a red one and the health status lamp of the project can be recognized by using the PR model and those principal components. Finally, the process is shown with a real example and a conclusion consistent with the actual situation is drawn. So the validity of the index system and the PCA-PR model can be confirmed.

Subtropical Mode Water in the Northwestern Pacific

Based on the in situ XBT and other data sets, by analyzing the seasonal cycle of the mixed layer depth (MLD) and using the conservative potential vorticity (PV) as a tool, a clear description of the formation process of the North Pacific Subtropical Mode Water (NPSTMW) is presented for explaining the well known 'Stommel Demon'. The forming of NPSTMW reflects well the ventilation process of the isotherms of the permanent thermocline. The formation process can be divided into the 'ventilation' phase and the 'formation' phase. In the first phase (October-March), with large heat losses at the sea surface from October, the mixed layer deepens and correspondingly, the water mass with low PV emerges and sinks. After continual cooling from October to March, the mixed layer reaches its maximum value ( >300 m) in March. Then, in the second phase (April-June), the mixed layer shoals rapidly from April, a large part of the low PV water mass is sheltered from further air-sea interaction by the emerging seasonal thermocline, and thus forms new NPSTMW. Further analysis indicates that the formation region of warm NPSTMW (17-18℃) is limited between 140°-150°E, while the relatively cold NPSTMW (16-17℃) originates in a wider longitude range (140°-170°E).Climate features of NPSTMW are presented with the use of climatological Levitus (1994 a, b) dataset. It is shown that NPSTMW lies in the region of (130°-170°E, 22°-34°N) with core temperature ranging from about 16-19℃ and potential density around 25-25.8σθ NPSTMW has a three-dimensional structure lying below the seasonal thermocline (about 100 m deep) and reaches almost to 350m depths.

Probabilistic contour extraction based on shape prior model

Statistical shape prior model is employed to construct the dynamics in probabilistic contour estimation.By applying principal component analysis,plausible shape samples are efficiently generated to predict contour samples.Based on the shape-dependent dynamics and probabilistic image model,a particle filter is used to estimate the contour with a specific shape.Compared with the deterministic approach with shape information,the proposed method is simple yet more effective in extracting contours from images with shape variations and occlusion.

Modal recovery of sea-level variability in the South China Sea using merged altimeter data

Using 20 years （1993-2012） of merged data recorded by contemporary multi-altimeter missions, a variety of sea-level variability modes are recovered in the South China Sea employing three- dimensional harmonic extraction. In terms of the long-term variation, the South China Sea is estimated to have a rising sea-level linear trend of 5.39 mm/a over these 20 years. Among the modes extracted, the seven most statistically significant periodic or quasi-periodic modes are identified as principal modes. The geographical distributions of the magnitudes and phases of the modes are displayed. In terms of intra- annual and annual regimes, two principal modes with strict semiannual and annual periods are found, with the annual variability having the largest amplitudes among the seven modes. For interannual and decadal regimes, five principal modes at approximately 18, 21, 23, 28, and 112 months are found with the most mode- active region being to the east of Vietnam. For the phase distributions, a series of amphidromes are observed as twins, termed ＂amphidrome twins＂, comprising rotating dipole systems. The stability of periodic modes is investigated employing joint spatiotemporal analysis of latitude/longitude sections. Results show that all periodic modes are robust, revealing the richness and complexity of sea-level modes in the South China Sea.

China＇s Economic Slowdown under Supply-Side Perspective

This paper creates an analytical framework for ongoing China＇s economic slowdown and reveals the major.factors affecting potential growth rate. First, proceeding from the factors that led to a decline in China ＇s potential growth rate, this paper demonstrates that the slowdown since 2012 is not caused by demand-side shock.s＇ but is a natural result of the demographic transition and the change of economic development stage that stemmed from supply-side factors. It is therefore suggested that the demand- side perspective for cyclical analysis must be abandoned and the supply-side perspective for growth analysis ought to be followed Secondly, this paper argues that it is theoretically unjounded and empirically unconvincing for existing literature based on the growth perspective to simply apply the statistical pattern of ＂regression towards the mean＂ to forecast China ＇s growth outlook and thus arrive at pessimistic conclusions. On this basis, this paper identifies a host of initiatives that can significantly increase potential growth rates and proposes policy recommendations for deriving reform dividends foom supply-side structural reform.

Circle quorum system-based non-stop network service model

Rapid developments in network systems of business service have resulted in more reliance on distributed computing, typified by “subscriber/push” architectures. Unfortunately, frequent and unexpectable network failures were routine, and downtime was not in hours, but in days. High availability has become the most important factor decreasing business risk and improving Quality of Service. Cluster technology has solved the non-stop problem on Local Area Network. However, most technologies including cluster today fail to ensure the non-stop Internet service based on Routers. With good performance on high availability and fault tolerance, quorum systems are very suitable for application to distributed business service networks. In this work, we modeled and developed a non-stop Internet service system based on a new quorum system, circle quorum system, for Boston Mutual Fund Broker, US. With five protocols, it provided highly available data services for clients on Internet.

Experimental Study on Improving Seismic Behavior of Load-Bearing Masonry Wall Made of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

To investigate the seismic behavior of autoclaved aerated concrete load-bearing masonry wall(AACLMW), a piece of control block wall without constructional measures and five pieces of block walls with different constructional measures were tested under low reversed cyclic loading which imitated low to moderate earthquake force. The seismic behavior of AACLMW with different constructional measures in terms of failure mode, hysteretic curve, deformation capacity and displacement ductility was studied and compared with that without constructional measures. The experimental results indicate that the constructional measures comprising constructional columns and horizontal concrete strips are effective for improving the seismic behavior of AACLMW. The study in this paper can provide a reliable experimental basis for further analysis and engineering application of AACLMW in the future.

Image Segmentation Based on Period Difference of the Oscillation

A new method for image segmentation based on pulse neural network is proposed. Every neuron in the network represents one pixel in the image and the network is locally connected. Each group of the neurons that correspond to each object synchronizes while different groups of the neurons oscillate at different period. Applying this period difference, different objects are divided. In addition to simulation, an analysis of the mechanism of the method is presented in this paper.

Equivalent Response Estimation of Structural Systems Subjected to Long-Period Ground Motion

Long-period ground motion has become an important consideration because of the increasing number of large and long-period structures.Therefore,a thorough investigation on the formation and characteristics of longperiod ground motion is desirable for engineering applications.In this work,an analytical study is performed to examine the effect of several parameters and the combining mode for equivalent harmonic components on the dynamic response of systems.The results of the work show that the harmonic components in equivalent ground motion are evidently influenced by the intensity rise time,duration,phase and combining mode.Moreover,the long-period ground motions are simplified and simulated by separate harmonic components through proper combination.The findings of the work are believed to be useful in the selection of input ground motion in structural seismic analysis.

Fault Diagnosis of Reciprocating Compressors Valve Based on Cyclostationary Method

The relationship between second-order cyclostationary method and time-frequency distribution is studied, and cyclic autocorrelation（CA） function is indicated to be one sort of special time-frequency distribution method. Furthermore, a fault diagnosis method for reciprocating compressors based on empirical mode decomposition （EMD） and CA function is proposed, and then it is applied to the fault diagnosis of reciprocating compressor valve. Firstly, the vibration signal of reciprocating compressor valve is decomposed by using ENID method, and several intrinsic mode functions （IMFs） are obtained. Secondly, the IMFs are evaluated by some denoising criterions to remove the noise and interfering ones. Finally, the CA functions of the remained IMFs are calculated, which will be used to reconstruct the CA function of the original vibration signal. Engineering application indicates that this method can sufficiently inhibit the cross-interference items of CA function. Therefore, more explicit working conditions of reciprocating compressor components can be achieved.

Ion Channels as Antivirus Targets

Ion channels are membrane proteins that are found in a number of viruses and which are of crucial physiological importance in the viral life cycle. They have one common feature in that their action mode involves a change of electrochemical or proton gradient across the bilayer lipid membrane which modulates viral or cellular activity. We will discuss a group of viral channel proteins that belong to the viroproin family, and which participate in a number of viral functions including promoting the release of viral particles from cells. Blocking these channel-forming proteins may be ＂lethal＂, which can be a suitable and potential therapeutic strategy. In this review we discuss seven ion channels of viruses which can lead serious infections in human beings： M2 of influenza A, NB and BM2 of influenza B, CM2 of influenza C, Vpu of HIV-1, p7 of HCV and 2B of picomaviruses.

Expansion of Technical Innovation and Demand Determines Production Organization Pattern in Strategic Emerging Industries——Taking Example of TFT-LCD Industry

Taking the evolution process of TFT-LCD industry as an example,this paper applied history-friendly model to analyze the effect of technology innovation and learning,and market demand growth and fluctuation on the evolution of production organization pattern in strategic emerging industries.Our research indicates that:(1) when market demand maintains linear growth,continuous technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises in leading position of an industry are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(2) when market demand is in cyclical fluctuation,the technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises in catch-up position are the key factor in deciding whether dominant production organization pattern will shift from vertical integration to specialization;(3) when market demand growth is under cyclical fluctuation,if the relative gap between technology innovation capabilities of vertically integrated enterprises and technology learning capabilities of specialized enterprises remains constant,the phase when industry cycle moves from trough to plateau is the best time window for specialized enterprises to catch up with and overtake vertically integrated enterprises.Hence,policy design supporting the development of strategic emerging industries should give full consideration to factors like market demand environment and technology innovation and learning capabilities of domestic enterprises.

Correlation Analysis of Gridding of Earthquakes in Datong and Its Surrounding Areas and Implication for Earthquake Prediction

On the basis of the earthquake （gL I〉3.0） catalog in North China from 1970 to 2009, the pattern of temporal and spatial distribution of medium-small earthquakes in Datong and its surrounding areas is studied by correlation analysis with a focus on its anomaly before moderate and strong earthquakes. With different spatial scales, temporal scales and time steps, the spatial distribution of earthquakes is converted to a sequence, then the correlation coefficients between the spatial distribution of medium-small earthquakes in a long-term and a longer time are calculated for the analysis of anomalies before moderate and strong earthquakes. In the study region center on the epicenter of the 1989 Datong- Yanggao earthquake （Ms5. 9） within a radius of less than 0.8~, with the time length of 3600 days, the longer time length of 3700 days, and the time step of 100 days, the correlation coefficient from 1980 to 2009 is steady between 0.94 and 1.00, but there were anomalies with values less than 0. 94 in the 2 years before the 1989 Datong-Yanggao earthquake （Ms 5.9）, the 1991 Datong earthquake （ Ms 5.8） and 1999 Hunyuan earthquake （Ms 5. 6 ）, which indicates the spatial distribution of a medium-small earthquake is very different from steady background seismicity. The implication for earthquake prediction from the anomaly of the correlation coefficient is also discussed with the three conclusions： （1） Before moderate and strong earthquakes in Datong and its surrounding areas, the obvious change of spatial distribution patterns of medium-small earthquake can be a kind of seismic precursor of the 2-year time scale for the prediction of an earthquake＇s time. （2） As the study region is restricted within a radius of less than 0. 8~, the result of correlation analysis is also good for the prediction of an earthquake＇s location. （3） The method of correlation analysis in this paper helps recognize the anomaly of spatial distribution of medium-small earthquake.

Study on a Heritage Town in the Northern Badia of JordanmAI Aqeb

This field study in AI aqeb town and its surroundings is a result of joint research between two scientific fields： anthropology and architecture, where the researchers interested in the local community in terms of social, stability method, patterns of production and its transformations, as well as in physical culture for population in traditional, heritage and modern housing, and the reason to choose AI aqeb is to test the stability of the nature of pastoral groups in A1 aqeb basin and valley which are available on pastures and water sources and the remains of ancient centers of human settlement which provides building materials to create traditional dwellings made up of basalt stones and mud where the researcher use the field surveys methodology in the target area through field trips and description of heritage sites and architectural field studies methodology in terms of description, analysis and measuring and drawing. And study populations and pastoral aspects, features of the surface and material evidence. The Bedouin human interacts with its environment depending on its own style in simple techniques to meet his basic needs of physical, cultural and the need for shelter and housing.

Floquet-based design and control approach to spacecraft formation flying in libration point orbits

A method for spacecraft formation flying (SFF) design and control near libration point orbits was developed by making use of the Floquet theory for periodic orbits. Firstly, the Floquet theory used in libration point orbits was introduced and the coefficients of four Floquet periodic modes were proved to be nearly constant when the amplitude in z direction of earth-moon L1 halo orbits is less than 20000 km. On this basis, a configuration design approach to SFF in L1 halo orbits was proposed, and several types of special configurations were obtained with periodic mode 3 and mode 5 or mode 4 and mode 6. Then, in order to control the SFF configuration concisely, those coefficients of the 5 modes (except the stable one) must be kept constant. A stationkeeping method for SFF was developed, which controls 5 Floquet modes simultaneously. Finally, simulations showed that the Floquet-based approach of configuration design and control for SFF is effective, simple and convenient. The research may be of value for deep space explorations.

The dynamics of color signals in male threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

Body coloration and color patterns are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and vary be- tween and within species. Recent studies have dealt with individual dynamics of various aspects of coloration, as it is in many cases a flexible trait and changes in color expression may be context-de- pendent. During the reproductive phase, temporal changes of coloration in the visible spectral range （400-700 nm） have been shown for many animals but corresponding changes in the ultravio- let （UV） waveband （300-400 nm） have rarely been studied. Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus males develop conspicuous orange-red breeding coloration combined with UV reflect- ance in the cheek region. We investigated dynamics of color patterns including UV throughout a male breeding cycle, as well as short-term changes in coloration in response to a computer- animated rival using reflectance spectrophotometry and visual modeling, to estimate how colors would be perceived by conspecifics. We found the orange-red component of coloration to vary during the breeding cycle with respect to hue （theta/R50） and intensity （achieved chroma/red chroma）. Furthermore, color intensity in the orange-red spectral part （achieved chroma） tended to be increased after the presentation of an artificial rival. Dynamic changes in specific measures of hue and intensity in the UV waveband were not found. In general, the orange-red component of the signal seems to be dynamic with respect to color intensity and hue. This accounts in particular for color changes during the breeding cycle, presumably to signal reproductive status, and with limitations as well in the intrasexual context, most likely to signal dominance or inferiority.

Progress in the study on the composition and formation mechanism of gallstone

Our serial studies from {dy1970}s on chemical composition, structure determination and formation mechanism of gallstones were reviewed. The chemical component investigation of brown-pigment gallstone demonstrated that it consists of macromolecules such as proteins, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, bilirubin polymers and pigment polymers, and biomolecules such as cholesterol, bile salts, calcium salts of carbonate, phosphate, fatty acids and bilirubinate as well as various metal ions. The binding of metal ions with bile salts and bilirubin plays important roles in gallstone formation, i.e., calcium bilirubinate complex is the major constitute of brown-pigment gallstones, and copper bilirubinate complex is critical in the black color appearance of black-pigment gallstone. The cross section of many gallstones exhibits a concentric ring structure composed of various small particles with a fractal character. This is nonlinear phenomenon in gallstone formation. Atypical model system of metal ions-deoxycholate (or cholate)-gel was chosen to mimic an in vitro pattern formation system. The experimental results suggested that a nonlinear scientific concept should be considered in understanding gallstone formation. Minor changes in the chemical composition and/or the microenvironment may lead to very different precipitate patterns with a variety of shapes, colors, appearances, and structures. A new model was suggested that periodical templets of periodical and fractal patterns were formed in the initial stage, then the spatio-temporal patterns grew gradually on it. Furthermore, the interaction between divalent metal ions and bile saltsin vitro was investigated, and the results indicated that non-stoichiometric M(DC)2-NaDC mixed complexes with mixed micelles structure can be formed in physiological condition.

The Fountain for Development

China and neighboring countries start new cooperation pattern in the Lancang-Mekong River regionThe strongest El Ni？o weather cycle on record has exacerbated drought in the Mekong River area since the end of last year.