人工呼吸通气量与猫体重的关系

探讨电生理实验中猫的人工呼吸通气量与体重之间的关系。方法:在电生理实验过程中固定呼吸频率,根据猫呼出的CO2含量来调整潮气量,并通过记录视皮层细胞的自发和诱发反应来评价猫在人工呼吸条件下的生理机能状态。结果:共对10只猫进行了试验研究,其中有8只猫成功存活50小时以上,记录到有明显诱发反应的细胞17-65个,平均每只37个。统计存活50个小时以上的猫的潮气量与体重,发现潮气量与体重的关系符合poly 3方程(y=k0+k1x1+k2x2),拟合数据与实测数据的相关性值为0.916。意义:本研究对电生理实验中猫的人工呼吸参数的估计和设置有重要的参考价值。

张口深吸气小潮气量呼吸法用于困难气道气管导管盲插的研究

目的探讨张口深吸气小潮气量呼吸法用于困难气道气管导管盲插的可行性及临床应用价值。方法 50例需全身麻醉气管插管的成年患者随机分为两组:张口深呼吸小潮气量呼吸法盲探插管组;纤维支气管镜插管组。分别在插管前、插管后1、2、5min采集动脉血标本。结果两组患者插管时间及插管成功率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。插管后,两组患者血浆中肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素、皮质醇及血管紧张素的浓度及心率、血压均比插管前增高,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该方法用于困难气道气管导管盲插可行有效,有临床应用和推广价值。

IMP900心电呼吸通气量监测系统的研制

研制了一套新型的呼吸监测系统。它基于阻抗法，实现了对呼吸潮气量的无创连续监测，并具有心电监测功能。系统采用了先进优良的数字存储示波技术，其硬件构成模块化，通过引入逐个定标的方法，克服了测量呼吸潮气量的个体差异，使阻抗法测量呼吸通气量成为实际可行。整体仪器具有性能价格比高的特点。该系统已进行了非手术病人的初步临床实验，结果表明该系统能基本满足临床要求，可望在临床中得到广泛应用。

控制性低通气量辅助呼吸救治重度哮喘的护理

近年来,人们采用控制性低通气量辅助呼吸(Machanical controllod hypoventilation,MCHV)救治重度哮喘并可提高成活率[1],但就应用MCHV后相关护理问题报道甚少.作者结合应用MCHV成功救治5例重度哮喘并发呼吸衰竭患者的临床护理实践报道如下.

单片机心电呼吸通气量监测系统

介绍一种由单片机实现的心动电呼吸通气量监测系统的硬件构成和软件设计。该系统基于阴抗法．实现了对呼吸潮气量的无创连续测量，并具有心动电监测功能。系统采用先进的数字存储示波技术，其硬件构成模块化，通过引入逐个定标的方法，克服了测童呼吸潮气量的个体差异．使阻抗法测量呼吸通气量成为实际可行。

人体呼吸系统力学属性下呼吸动力过程的仿真研究

人体呼吸动力过程的呼吸参数和动态变化影响和决定了与人体呼吸领域相关设备的研制和参数设定。根据人体呼吸的运动规律,构建呼吸动力方程;进而利用仿真手段模拟人体呼吸动力过程,获得呼吸过程中的肺容积、呼吸流率和呼吸时间等动态呼吸参数。与以往的研究和实测数据验证比较,仿真过程和获得的数据贴近人体的实际呼吸运动过程;并且设置了更为详尽且独立的影响呼吸动力过程的参数,给出了易于理解的仿真框架。呼吸肌作用力方程和仿真获得的动态呼吸参数可用于人体模拟肺、供氧系统和辅助呼吸装置等设备的设计和参数设定。

经呼吸机呼出潮气量快速判定气管插管成功率

目的 探讨经呼吸机呼出潮气量对气管插管成功率的判定作用。方法 200例患者气管插管后观察其呼吸频率,通气量,血氧饱和度,呼气末二氧化碳,以及呼吸机呼出潮气量,结合纤维支气管镜检测结果判定气管插管成功率,首次插管成功组100例,失败组100例,将两组上述指标进行比较分析。结果 首次插管成功组插管后1min及5min的VT、ETCO2值显著高于失败组,且成功组中95%的患者VT值高于设定值的85%。结论 机械通气患者可在应用ETCO2确认插管是否顺利的同时结合参考VT,可以更全面、及时、准确的预测呼吸机气管插管的成功率。

空气质量对体育运动者呼吸的影响分析

笔者给出了与体育运动环境相关的空气污染物控制卫生标准,讨论了颗粒物尺度与呼吸道各部分的沉积关系,给出了运动者呼吸空气量、吸入有害物量的计算公式。

艾塞那肽治疗并发代谢综合征的儿童Prader-Willi综合征1例体会

Prader-Willi综合征是一种极易引起儿童、青少年肥胖的基因组印记性疾病,由于过度进食、肥胖所引发的高血压、高血糖、血脂异常等代谢综合征症候群会严重影响患儿的生存率及生活质量。本文对一例经基因确诊的9岁Prader-Willi综合征并发代谢综合征的患儿使用人胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂——艾塞那肽治疗前后血压、体重、生化、肝脏影像学、睡眠呼吸监测等数据进行分析。艾塞那肽治疗6个月后,患儿食欲减少,饱腹感增加,体重及体重指数下降,血压下降,低密度脂蛋白胆固醇下降,高密度脂蛋白胆固醇升高,肝脏CT值上升,呼吸暂停低通气量指数下降,耐受性好。本研究为此类患儿的治疗提供了新的可能的选择。

Creation method for bi-level positive airway pressure based on pressure and flow feedback

An airway pressure and flow data acquisition system is developed to investigate the approach to building the bi-level positive airway pressure BiPAP in a ventilator.A number of experiments under different breathing situations and states are conducted and the experimental data are recorded.According to the data from these experiments the variation characteristics of the pressure and flow are analyzed using Matlab. The data analysis results show that the pressure increases while the flow decreases in the expiratory phase contrarily the pressure decreases while the flow increases in the inspiratory phase during the apnea state both the pressure and the flow remain unchanged. According to the above variation characteristics of breath a feedback-based method for creating bi-level positive airway pressure is proposed. Experiments are implemented to verify the BiPAP model. Results demonstrate that the proposed method works effectively in following respiration and caters well to most polypnea and apnea events.

停止机械通气的新进展

香港玛莉医院ICU May Yeung因各种病因导致的急、慢性呼吸衰竭需要人工呼吸机辅助治疗,随病情好转需要考虑脱机(weaning).

Treatment of zinc deficiency without zinc fortification

Zinc(Zn) deficiency in animals became of interest until the 1950s.In this paper,progresses in researches on physiology of Zn deficiency in animals,phytate effect on bioavailability of Zn,and role of phytase in healing Zn deficiency of animals were reviewed.Several studies demonstrated that Zn is recycled via the pancreas;the problem of Zn deficiency was controlled by Zn homeostasis.The endogenous secretion of Zn is considered as an important factor influencing Zn deficiency,and the critical molar ratio is 10.Phytate(inositol hexaphosphate) constituted up to 90% of the organically bound phosphorus in seeds.Great improvement has been made in recent years on isolating and measuring phytate,and its structure is clear.Phytate is considered to reduce Zn bioavailability in animal.Phytase is the enzyme that hydrolyzes phytate and is present in yeast,rye bran,wheat bran,barley,triticale,and many bacteria and fungi.Zinc nutrition and bioavailability can be enhanced by addition of phytase to animal feeds.Therefore,using phytase as supplements,the most prevalent Zn deficiency in animals may be effectively corrected without the mining and smelting of several tons of zinc daily needed to correct this deficiency by fortification worldwide.

呼吸机潮气量计量校准问题的探讨

本文对不同类型呼吸机流量传感器^([1])的工作原理进行了介绍,从理论和实践上对影响呼吸机潮气量示值的因素进行了分析,为更好更精确地校准呼吸机的潮气量示值提供了方法和建议。

Benefits and Challenges of Urban Green Spaces

The aim of this paper is to illustrate the benefits,and challenges towards providing multifunctional urban green spaces.The results are based on critical analysis of study findings from different cities in Europe,America and to a lesser extent in Asia.Inner-city green spaces are especially important for improving air quality through uptake of pollutant gases and particulates which are responsible for respiratory infections.Due to their amenity and aesthetics,green spaces increase property value.To ensure multifunctional role of urban a green space is achieved,in particular the social and psychological role,certain standards of quantity,quality and distribution within the urban area should be adequately established.Green spaces need to be uniformly distributed throughout the city area,although each does not need to be extremely large but should be large enough to accommodate the city population.

Effect of Yiqibushenhuoxue decoction on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease measured by St. George's respiratory disease questionnaire scores and forced expiratory volume

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Yiqibushenhuoxue decoction on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by observing its influences on patients' quality of life and airway inflammation.METHODS: Seventy patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into a treatment group(n=35) treated with Yiqibushenhuoxue decoction plus Seretide and a control group(n=35) treated with Seretide only.The dosage of Yiqibushenhuoxue decoction was 100 mL each time, twice a day, and the dosage of Seretide was salmeterol 50 μg/fluticasone 250 μg twice a day. Both groups were treated for 12 weeks. Before and after the treatment, St George's respiratory disease questionnaire(SGRQ)scores,forced expiratory volume,and forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity(FEV1/FVC)were measured.RESULTS:The SGRQ scores in both groups were significantly lower than those before treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, the total SGRQ scores and each subscore in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). The percentage of the predicted FEV1% and FEV1/FVC were higher in both groups, but no statistical differences were detected from before to after the treatment or between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: Yiqibushenhuoxue decoction could significantly decrease the SGRQ scores in patients with stable COPD, which suggests that it is able to improve patient symptoms.

Clinical study of optimizing acupoint combining in treatment of bronchial asthma with acupoint application

Objective:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of acupoint application at different groups of acupoints in treating bronchial asthma in remission stage.Methods:A total of 120 patients with bronchial asthma in remission stage were recruited and divided by the random number table method into acupoint application group 1,acupoint application group 2 and acupoint application group 3,with 40 cases in each group.In all the three groups,Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14)and Feishu(BL 13)were selected,with Dingchuan(EX-B 1)added in acupoint application group 1,Shenshu(BL 23)added in acupoint application group 2,and Gaohuang(BL 43)added in acupoint application group 3.Before intervention,one month and 3 months after intervention,clinical symptoms,peak expiratory flow(PEF)and forced expiratory volume in 1 second percentage of predicted value(FEV1%)of the three groups were observed,and their clinical efficacies were evaluated.Results:Comparing the therapeutic efficacy regarding traditional Chinese medicine symptoms and signs,after 1-month treatment,the total effective rate was 87.5%in acupoint application group 1,versus 62.5%in acupoint application group 2 and 55.0%in acupoint application group 3,and the between-group differences were statistically significant.After 3-month treatment,the total effective rate was 95.0%in acupoint application group 1,versus 70.0%in acupoint application group 2 and 65.0%in acupoint application group 3,and the between-group differences were statistically significant.After intervention,the three groups all showed significant improvements in pulmonary function with statistical significance;among the three groups,the improvement in acupoint application group 1 was more significant than that in the other two groups.Conclusion:Tiantu(CV 22),Dazhui(GV 14)and Feishu(BL 13)as basic prescription plus Dingchuan(EX-B 1)can improve symptoms of bronchial asthma in remission stage,and it works better in improving pulmonary function than the basic prescription plus Shenshu(BL 23)or Gaohuang(BL 43).

Influence of acupuncture on pulmonary function of patients with asthma： a review

Asthma is a common disease with recurrent onset which severely affects patients＇ quality of life. Acupuncture can improve pulmonary functions in asthma patients and thus treat this disorder. To summarize the status of acupuncture treatment for asthma, we have collected clinical literatures published in the recent 20 years and analyzed the influence of acupuncture on pulmonary functions in asthma patients from the aspects of frequently used points, needling techniques, manipulation and mechanisms to provide references for treating asthma with acupuncture.