为研究特高压线路绝缘子的自然积污状况及不同呼称高度杆塔上绝缘子的积污水平差异,在河南省郑州市境内的±800 k V哈郑直流线路的一基杆塔上,对1片悬挂在负极导线端的绝缘子和4串悬挂于不同高度处的不带电绝缘子进行了半年的自然...为研究特高压线路绝缘子的自然积污状况及不同呼称高度杆塔上绝缘子的积污水平差异,在河南省郑州市境内的±800 k V哈郑直流线路的一基杆塔上,对1片悬挂在负极导线端的绝缘子和4串悬挂于不同高度处的不带电绝缘子进行了半年的自然积污试验。试验结果表明:带电绝缘子表面污秽中的阳离子主要为2aC+和4NH+,阴离子主要为24SO-和3NO-;不可溶成分中2Si O约占80%,也含有少量2 3Al O、2 3Fe O等。工厂烟尘、汽车尾气中的2SO和氮氧化物是绝缘子污秽中24SO-和3NO-的重要来源。利用富集因子法计算得出了污秽中各金属元素的富集程度,发现Ca、Zn、Fe、Mg和Al等元素均受到不同程度的人为污染,其中Ca和Zn元素达到了严重污染的程度。化工厂废液中的2nZ+会通过污染周边土壤间接地影响绝缘子积污。绝缘子表面污秽颗粒粒度集中在10μm左右。同一地区,绝缘子表面自然积污程度随着悬挂高度的增加而逐渐降低。展开更多
Semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin has always been an intriguing topic to researchers from different fields, anthropologists and sociolinguists alike, whose investigations involve data from ...Semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin has always been an intriguing topic to researchers from different fields, anthropologists and sociolinguists alike, whose investigations involve data from various cultures. This study focuses on eight Chinese kinship terms used in twenty-one address forms for addressing nonkin in newly created occupations and practices during the recent economic reform in China, in an attempt to identify the driving force behind such transfer. By examining the use of these kinship terms in addressing nonkin in the economic reform, this study compares its findings to those from earlier studies and has found surprisingly that except gender, the other distinctive features, such as consanguinity, affinity, seniority, and generation, have all become neutralized in the semantic transfer, driven chiefly by the nonkin＇s occupational status. The results from this study demonstrate that the ＂categorical falsity＂ evidenced in the semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin is in essence a manifestation of performing an attitudinal ＂speech act＂ by the general public about how the nonkin＇s occupational status is evaluated in the economic reform.展开更多
文摘Semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin has always been an intriguing topic to researchers from different fields, anthropologists and sociolinguists alike, whose investigations involve data from various cultures. This study focuses on eight Chinese kinship terms used in twenty-one address forms for addressing nonkin in newly created occupations and practices during the recent economic reform in China, in an attempt to identify the driving force behind such transfer. By examining the use of these kinship terms in addressing nonkin in the economic reform, this study compares its findings to those from earlier studies and has found surprisingly that except gender, the other distinctive features, such as consanguinity, affinity, seniority, and generation, have all become neutralized in the semantic transfer, driven chiefly by the nonkin＇s occupational status. The results from this study demonstrate that the ＂categorical falsity＂ evidenced in the semantic transfer of kinship terms in address forms to nonkin is in essence a manifestation of performing an attitudinal ＂speech act＂ by the general public about how the nonkin＇s occupational status is evaluated in the economic reform.
