马相伯及其天主教本土化理论——从结合体到和合体的转变

马相伯是中国近代著名的教育家、宗教家、政治家。他自幼便受到中国传统文化和西方天主教文化的良好教育,这两种原本异质的文化结合在马相伯一人身上。这两种文化之间无疑是具有张力的,而马相伯的一生便是这种张力的充分映照。如何消除这种张力,如何从异质对立的结合体转变为相成相济的和合体,这也便是天主教如何本土化的问题。

东亚文化和合体与认同感的共振性探析

2004年第八次东亚“10+3”领导人会议明确以东亚共同体为长远发展目标。2005年12月在马来西亚首都吉隆坡召开了首届东亚峰会(EAS),东亚的一体化已越来越成为东亚人民津津乐道的话题。然而,人们同时也意识到“东亚”作为一个整体的期待是一个漫长的过程。东亚认同感的形成是建构东亚共同体的必要前提,因为一个缺乏归属感和忠诚感的共同体是不可能成为现实的。

论东亚文化和合体的历史与重建

传统东亚文化和合体酝酿于公元4、5世纪,先后经历了雏形阶段、发展阶段和成熟阶段,但于19世纪中后期解体。从20世纪60年代开始,东亚文化和合体进入现代重建时期,目前正处于新的发展阶段,大约将在21世纪中叶达到新的成熟阶段。东亚文化和合体是东亚区域空间的体系文化,对东亚集体认同的形成具有强大的推动力。加快东亚文化和合体的建设,需要遵循三项原则。

论东亚认同感的文化基础——从文化和合体的视角

东亚认同感的发展具有阶段性的特征。构筑东亚认同感的文化基础分为东亚文化和合体和文化行为体两个层面。文化和合体对东亚认同感的形成具有基础作用,即具有不可或缺性和动力性。惟有加强东亚文化和合体的建设,夯实东亚认同感的文化基础,才能加速东亚的一体化进程。

东亚文化和合体:建构东亚认同感的基石

东亚认同感是对东亚集体身份的内在认知,具有阶段性发展的特征。文化是提升认同水平的重要因素。作为东亚区域文化的东亚文化和合体是构建东亚认同感的基石,它对东亚认同感的形成所具有的基础作用,体现在不可或缺性和动力性两个方面。通过加强东亚文化和合体的建设,可以夯实认同感的文化基础。

“和合”体生——“和合学”的中国哲学创新实践

哲学问题追根究底是人的问题,这既指向哲学问题的对象,也指向对于问题进行追问的主体。每一个人既有能力也都在以某种方式思考着人自身的问题,也就是哲学的问题。但是,惟有哲学才能对人的问题进行形上的反思,惟有哲学史才能呈现人对于人本身反思的思想历程并提供古今对话的可能,惟有哲学家才能真正地将这种哲学思考以言说体系的形式一般地表达出来。当哲学思考的对象——"人"发生了变化,哲学史的叙说视"域"发生了变化,哲学的言"说"方式发生了变化,哲学这一人对于人的形上反思就必然有了创新。就其实质而言,"人""域""说"只能是哲学、哲学家眼中之"人""域""说",也就是说一切哲学只不过是人对于人自己生存状态这一存在的一种思考、对话与言说。张立文先生的"和合学"正是基于自己独特的生命体悟,在与前哲不断对话的视域融合中,以自己的"和合"言说方式来表述的人类生命之道的哲学体系,是中国哲学创新的理论新体系、方法新视野与思想新成果。

论国际关系中的和合主义

建构中国自己的国际关系理论体系 ,一种可行的理论模式 ,是在中华和合文化酝酿下产生的和合主义。和合主义的四个理论支柱 :和平与发展、相互依存与合作、独立自主、国际和合体 ,均可在业已存在的四种理论流派中探根寻源。和合主义充满生命力和现实价值 ,其理论成形符合思想蠕动的规律 ,但在目前操作中还面临一些挑战。

邓小平对马克思主义科学方法论中国化的历史性贡献——关于基本实践范式与历史命题

以邓小平为代表的中国杰出的马克思主义者,在方法论上创造性地以"建设性批判"取代"革命性批判",使百年中国现代化进程在实践主题上把"什么是社会主义"、"怎样建设社会主义"引向"建设中国特色社会主义",充分证明了中国共产党人不但"善于破坏一个旧世界,还将善于建设一个新世界。"从第一个"善于"到第二个"善于",邓小平科学地认识和妥善地把握了"解构"与"建构"、"对立"与"统一"、"革命"与"保守"三组基本的实践范式与历史命题,从实践批判的功能与内涵转换上,实现马克思主义科学方法论中国化的历史性飞跃。

Fe-Zn supersaturated solid solution prepared by mechanical alloying and laser sintering to accelerate degradation

The slow degration of iron limits its bone implant application.The solid solution of Zn in Fe is expected to accelerate the degradation.In this work,mechanical alloying(MA)was used to prepare Fe-Zn powder with supersaturated solid solution.MA significantly decreased the lamellar spacing between particles,thus reducing the diffusion distance of solution atoms.Moreover,it caused a number of crystalline defects,which further promoted the solution diffusion.Subsequently,the MA-processed powder was consolidated into Fe-Zn part by laser sintering,which involved a partial melting/rapid solidification mechanism and retained the original supersaturated solid solution.Results proved that the Fe-Zn alloy became more susceptible with a lowered corrosion potential,and thereby an accelerated corrosion rate of(0.112±0.013)mm/year.Furthermore,it also exhibited favorable cell behavior.This work highlighted the advantage of MA combined with laser sintering for the preparation of Fe-Zn implant with improved degradation performance.

Preparation and activity analysis of the divalent and tetravalent humanized V_H single domain antibody against human lung cancer

In order to improve the functional affinity of the humanized VH single domain antibody against human lung cancer, the genes coding the homogenous dimers dihu3D3Vn and tetramers tehu3D3VH were constructed by fusing the SV5-Cys short peptide and p53 tetramefization structural domain gene to hu3D3VH gene via recombinant PCR technique, respectively. Then, the dihu3D3VH and tehu3D3VH genes were cloned to the prokaryotic expression vector pET-22b（ ＋ ） and expressed in E. coli BL21 （DE3）. The proteins expressed were purified through Ni^2＋ -affinity chromatographic column. Meanwhile, the hu3D3VH, dihu3D3VH and tehu3D3VH proteins were labeled with FTTC, and their reactivity with antigen and specificity were analyzed by immunofluorescence assay. As to their functional affinities, it was analyzed and compared by flow cytometry. The results indicated that these two genes were expressed as monomers and mainly as inclusion bodies. After purification and renaturation, there were about 50% of dimers and 70% of tetramer remaining in the protein solution. In addition, the dihu3D3VH and tehu3D3VH proteins still remained the reactivity with antigen and specificity of hu3D3VH protein, and their functional affinities were increased about 60% or 100% respectively, compared with those of hu3D3VH protein. It is evident that the functional affinity of hu3D3VH protein can be greatly improved by increasing its binding valency.

Affinity peptide developed by phage display selection for targeting gastric cancer

AIM:To develop an affinity peptide that binds to gastric cancer used for the detection of early gastric cancer.METHODS:A peptide screen was performed by biopanning the PhD-12 phage display library,clearing non-specific binders against tumor-adjacent normal appearing gastric mucosa and obtaining selective binding against freshly harvested gastric cancer tissues.Tumortargeted binding of selected peptides was confirmed by bound phage counts,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,competitive inhibition,fluorescence microscopy and semi-quantitative analysis on immunohistochemistry using different types of cancer tissues.RESULTS:Approximately 92.8% of the non-specific phage clones were subtracted from the original phage library after two rounds of biopanning against normal-appearing gastric mucosa.After the third round of positive screening,the peptide sequence AADNAKTKSFPV(AAD) appeared in 25%(12/48) of the analyzed phages.For the control peptide,these values were 6.8 ± 2.3,5.1 ± 1.7,3.5 ± 2.1,4.6 ± 1.9 and 1.1 ± 0.5,respectively.The values for AAD peptide were statistically signif icant(P < 0.01) for gastric cancer as compared with other histological classif ications and control peptide.CONCLUSION:A novel peptide is discovered to have a specific binding activity to gastric cancer,and can be used to distinguish neoplastic from normal gastric mucosa,demonstrating the potential for early cancer detection on endoscopy.

Review for Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome （PRRS） is the severest disease of pigs worldwide, caused by a highly genetically diverse RNA virus, called Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV）. The research summarized the genome characteristics of PRRSV particles and the most updated knowledge of structure protein function, and introduced the intellectual of PRRSV transmission and host immune response, which is very important for prevention and control for PRRS. A report showed that mass vaccination can stabilize the immunity of the entire herd, and this is the first required step for a PRRS eradication plan. However, the attenuated live vaccines may not achieve a valid prevention. The final goal of the EU project is to develop new generation, efficacious and safe maker vaccines that can be adapted to temporary changes and geographical differences.Robinson reported that broadly antibodies could neutralize all rapidly evolving type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ viruses, while further studies are expected to elucidate mechanisms of neutralizing antibody production and maturation and to investigate conserved epitope targets of cross-neutralization in this rapidly evolving virus.

Vapor-liquid equilibria of CH_4, CO_2 and their binary system CH_4 + CO_2: A comparison between the molecular simulation and equation of state

An accurate knowledge about phase behaviors of CH4, CO2 and their binary mixture is crucial in fields of natural gas liquefaction and refrigeration applications. In this work, two all-atom force fields of TraPPE-EH and EMP2 were used for the components CH4 and CO〉 respectively. Then the vapor-liquid equilibria （VLE） of CH4, CO2 and their binary system were calculated via the NVT- and NpT Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo Simulations. Meanwhile the traditional method using Equation of State （EoS） to correlate the VLE properties was also investigated. The EoSs considered in this work were three classic cubic RK, SRK, PR and another advanced molecular-based PC-SAFT equations. For pure components, both molecular simulations and the PC-SAFT EoS could obtain satisfactory predictions for all the saturated properties. However, the saturated liquid densities calculated by the cubic EoSs were not so good. It was also observed that the TraPPE-EH force field had a good representation for CH4 molecule, while the EMP2 force field was not enough accurate to represent CO2 molecules. For the mixture CH4 ＋ CO2, SRK and PR showed the best predictions for the saturated pressure-component property, while good results were also obtained via molecular simulations and PC-SAFT EoS. It was suggested that special combining rules or binary interaction parameters were important to obtain enough accurate prediction of the mixed phase behavior. Compared with the cubic EoS, the PC-SAFT and molecular simulation method showed better adaptabilities for both the pure and mixture systems. Besides, the accurate molecular parameters used in the PC-SAFT and molecular simulations could bring about direct and deep understanding about the molecular characteristics.

High-efficiency saturated red emission from binuclear cyclo-metalated platinum complex containing 5-(4-octyloxyphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol ancillary ligand in PLEDs

A novel red-emitting binuclear platinum complex （dfppy）zPtz（C^OXT）z was synthesized and characterized, in which dfppy represents 2-（4＇,6＇-difluorophenyl）pyridinato unit and CsOXT is abbreviated for 5-（4-octyloxyphenyl）-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol as a bridging ancillary ligand. Its photophysical, electrochemical and electroluminescent characteristics were primarily studied. The made single-emissive-layer （SEL） polymer light-emitting devices using （dfppy）2Ptz（CsOXT）2 as emitter exhibited a satu- rated red emission peaked at 620 nm. The best device performances were obtained in the device at 8 wt% dopant concentration, with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 8.4%, a current efficiency of 4.2 cd/A and brightness of 3228 cd/m~. This work provides an effective approach to obtain high-efficiency red emission through construction of new binuclear platinum complex and its doped SEL devices.

Tunable and coherent nanosecond 7.2-12.2 μm mid-infrared generation based on difference frequency mixing in ZnGeP_2 crystal

A coherent mid-infrared laser source,which can be tuned from 7.2 μm to 12.2 μm based on the type-Ⅰ phase-matched difference frequency generation(DFG) in an uncoated ZnGeP2(ZGP) crystal,is reported.The two pump waves are from a type-Ⅱ phase-matched dual-wavelength KTP optical parametric oscillator(OPO) of which the signal and idler waves are tuned during 1.85-1.96 μm(extraordinary wave) and 2.5-2.33 μm(ordinary wave),respectively.The maximum energy of the generated mid-infrared laser is 10 μJ at 9.22 μm,corresponding to the peak power of 2.2 kW.

Synthesis of novel β-amino ketones containing a p-aminobenzoic acid moiety and evaluation of their antidiabetic activities

The synthesis of two series of [3-amino ketones containing a p-aminobenzoic acid moiety （TM.1 and TM-2） using a modified protocol of the Mannich reaction is reported. The molecular structures of a total of tweenty three new target compounds were characterized by ~H NMR, 1~C NMR, ESI-MS and HR-MS. Subsequently, their antidiabetic activities were screened in vitro. The c^-glucodase inhibition （c^-GI） activity of compound le reached a remarkable level of 66.50%. The peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor （PPAR） relative activation activities of six compounds are above 80%, and in particular 2i displays an un- precedentedly high PPAR of 130.91%. The structure-activity relationships of the compounds were established. 2i is also sub- ject to further in-depth investigation.

Non-zero quantum discord at finite temperature

We investigate theoretically the quantum discord dynamics of a two-qubit composite system subject to a common finite-temperature reservoir by solving the Born-Markovian master equation analytically.The ultimate quantum discord,however,exhibits a relatively high stable value associated with the reservoir temperature despite the permanent disappearance of entanglement simultaneously.Further analysis shows that the unique characteristic depends strongly on the off-diagonal non-zero elements of the density matrix.Our result manifests the greater robustness of quantum discord compared with entanglement,which may be helpful in quantum-information technologies.

One-pot synthesis of Bi2Se3 nanostructures with rationally tunable morphologies

Shape control has proven to be a powerful and versatile means of tailoring the properties of Bi2Se3 nanostructures for a wide variety of applications. Here, three different Bi2Se3 nanostructures, i.e., spiral-type nanoplates, smooth nanoplates, and dendritic nanostructures, were prepared by manipulating the supersaturation level in the synthetic system. This mechanism study indicated that, at low supersaturation, defects in the crystal growth could cause a step edge upon which Bi2Se3 particles were added continuously, leading to the formation of spiral-type nanoplates. At intermediate supersaturation, the aggregation of amorphous Bi2Se3 particles and subsequent recrystallization resulted in the formation of smooth nanoplates. Furthermore, at high supersaturation, polycrystalline Bi2Se3 cores formed initially, on which anisotropic growth of Bi2Se3 occurred. This work not only advances our understanding of the growth mechanism but also offers a new approach to control the morphology of Bi2Se3 nanostructures.

Visualization of α_1-adrenergic receptors with phenylpiperazine-based fluorescent probes

Several novel fluorescent probes targeting α_1-adrenergic receptors were well designed and synthesized by conjugating phenylpiperazine pharmacophore with coumarin and fluorescein fluorophores. These compounds showed suitable fluorescence property, high receptor affinity, and low cytotoxicity. Moreover, the cell imaging results displayed that these probes can be effective tools for the real-time detection of ligand-receptor interactions, as well as the visualization and location of α_1-adrenergic receptors in living cells.