日本江户汉诗的和样化与多样化——以题材为中心视点的考察

日本江户诗人对和样化的归依,是与对多样化的追求联系在一起的。和样化与多样化这两种倾向相互交融,体现了江户诗人试图对传统的中国古典诗歌进行变革与改造的不懈努力。观照江户汉诗的题材领域,可以发现,不仅其题材本身更显丰富多彩,而且在题材的处理(包括开掘、提炼与升华)上也涂抹上了鲜明的民族色彩,呈现出迥异于华夏本土的异域风貌。从中折射出的是江户诗人日趋强烈的主体意识和不专一格的审美情趣。

永生的执念:日本“松喰鹤”纹考辨

日本平安时期“松喰鹤”纹样开始流行,这种脱胎于“绶带鸟”的图案,凭借与永生意象的结合,迅速拥有了最为广泛的群众基础,在日本乃至整个东亚地区迅速取代了象征权力的“绶带鸟”纹的地位,成为平安时期日本化浪潮中“和样化”纹饰的代表,至今仍是日本典型的传统图案之一。该纹凝炼了大和人质朴而深刻的神道教生死观,通过多层赋意,进入到现象学中所谓的多重世界构造里,体现了人类图像意识中的模像关系和同一性原理。

Reactor Protection Diversity Requirements and the Typical Solution Based on DCS

The defense-in-depth and diversity have become the basic requirements for digital I＆C and should be strictly followed when carrying out the overall scheme design of digital control system, in which the risk of common cause failure has to be prevented or coped with. This paper analyzes the requirements of the diversity principle and sums up the typical solution of the diversified protection of reactor based on the CPR1000 NPP. Some concepts will be helpful to the design of DCS for others plants.

Role of Ni(NO_3)_2 in the preparation of a magnetic coal-based activated carbon

The role of Nil（NO3）2 in the preparation of a magnetic activated carbon is reported in this paper. Magnetic coal-based activated carbons （MCAC） were prepared from Taixi anthracite with low ash content in the presence of Ni（NO3）2. The MCAC materials were characterized by a vibrating sample magnetometer （VSM）, X-ray diffraction （XRD）, a scanning electric microscope （SEM）, and by N2 adsorption. The cylindri- cal precursors and derived char were also subjected to thermogravimetric analysis to compare their behavior of weight losses during carbonization. The results show that MCAC has a larger surface area （1074 m21g） and a higher pore volume （0.5792 cm3/g） with enhanced mesopore ratio （by about 10~）. It also has a high saturation magnetization （1.6749 emu/g） and low coercivity （43.26 Oe）, which allows the material to be magnetically separated. The MCAC is easily magnetized because the nickel salt is con- vetted into Ni during carbonization and activation. Metallic Ni has a strong magnetism on account of electrostatic interaction. Added Ni（NO3）2 catalyzes the carbonization and activation process by accelerat- ing burn off of the carbon, which contributes to the development of mesopores and macropores in the activated carbon.

Effects of coal rank, Fe_3O_4 amounts and activation temperature on the preparation and characteristics of magnetic activated carbon

Coal-based Magnetic Activated Carbons （CMAC＇s） were prepared from three representative coal samples of various ranks： Baorigele lignite from Inner Mongolia; Datong bitumite from Shanxi province; and Taixi anthracite from Ningxia Hui Auto- nomous Region. Fe3O4 was used as a magnetic additive. A nitrogen-adsorption analyzer was used to determine the specific surface area and pore structure of the resulting activated carbons. The adsorption capacity was assessed by the adsorption of iodine and methylene blue. X-ray diffraction was used to measure the evolution behavior of Fe304 during the preparation process. Magnetic properties were characterized with a vibrating-sample magnetometer. The effect of the activation temperature on the performance of CMAC＇s was also studied. The results show that, compared to Baorigele lignite and Taixi anthracite, the Datong bitumite is more appropriate for the preparation of CMAC＇s with a high specific surface area, an advanced pore structure and suitable magnetic properties. Fe304 can effectively enhance the magnetic properties and control the pore structure by increasing the ratio of meso- pores. An addition of 6.0% Fe304 and an activation temperature of 880 ℃ produced a CMAC having a specific surface area, an iodine adsorption, a methylene blue adsorption and a specific saturation magnetization of 1152.0 m2/g, 1216.7 mg/g, 229.5 mg/g and 4.623 emu/g, respectively. The coal used to prepare this specimen was Datong bitumite.

Synthesis of Diphenyl Carbonate over the Magnetic Catalysts Pd/La_(1-x)Pb_xMnO_3 (x=0.2-0.7)

The magnetic perovskite-supported palladium catalysts Pd/Lal_xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.2-0.7） were prepared and used for the oxidative carbonylation of phenol to diphenyl carbonate. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by the X-ray diffraction （XRD）, surface area measurement BET, vibration sample magnetometer （VSM） and tem- perature-programmed reduction （TPR）. The experimental results demonstrated that the magnetic Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.4-0.5） obtain relative better catalytic activity. It can be explained by higher concentration of oxygen vacan- cies, larger amount and better mobility of lattice oxygen of their support. Furthermore, these samples possess suffi- cient saturated magnetization. Thus, Pd/La1-xPbxMnO3 （x = 0.4-0.5） may be suitable for operation in the magneti- cally stabilized bed reactor.

Atmospheric levels and distribution of Dechlorane Plus in an E-waste dismantling region of East China

Atmospheric concentrations of Dechlorane Plus(DP)were investigated in Taizhou,an electronic-waste(E-waste)dismantling region in East China.Passive air samplers with polyurethane foam(PUF)disks were deployed every three months during the sampling period of September 2009-August 2010.The total DP(syn-and anti-DP)concentrations in air ranged from not detected to 277 pg/m^3,with a mean concentration of 53.9 pg/m^3.A generally declining trend of DP levels was found from the E-waste dismantling region to the peripheral areas.The median values of total DP concentrations in autumn,winter,spring and summer were 52.2,28.8,39.7 and 30.1 pg/m^3,respectively.The seasonal variations of DP concentrations were mainly associated with the intensity of E-waste dismantling activities and meteorological conditions.The mean value of anti-DP fractional abundance(f_(anti))was 0.74±0.08,which was consistent with those in the commercial DP products.This study confirmed a significant emission source related to the distribution of atmospheric DP in the E-waste dismantling area and supplied information for the seasonal variation of DP in the atmosphere.