能量品位论——热力学定律教学改革的思考(Ⅰ)

能量不仅在数量上具有守恒性 ,而且在质量上具有品位性 .在教学中引进新的热力学参数———有效能 ,并首次提出了比有效能的概念与能量 3类 1 1级的科学分类 ,以描述能量品位的高低 ,阐明能量在转换与传递过程中的变化规律 ;指出任何自发过程中 ,有效能将自动地转变为无效能 .有助于了解能量的无形损失 ,全面反映用能过程中存在的问题 ;并有助于加深对热力学抽象概念的理解 ,进一步赋予热力学定律更加清晰的物理意义和现实意义 .

注重“四性”——如何发挥报纸文艺副刊的优势

作为精神产品,文艺作品以其生动而富有感染力的表现形式传达着各种对社会生活的认识、见解,人们从中认识、领悟生活,这就必然引起人的思想感情、生活观念、信仰追求的变化。文艺副刊作为传播文艺作品的一种载体也就担负着导向、教育、审美的社会功能。而报纸文艺副刊既不同于报纸的新闻版块,又不同于期刊书籍等传媒,如何发挥报纸文艺副刊的优势,在创新发展中办好新世纪的文艺副刊,就成了值得探讨的话题。

析校园文化的本质特征

校园文化,从其本质上讲,是社会文化的一种独具特色的亚文化形态,是校园内每一个成员所共有的价值观及其在物质、精神两个层面上体现出来的文化表征。与其他亚文化相比,它具有明显的教育性、知识性、时代性、实践性和高品位性。因此,搞好校园文化建设,乃是提高学校教育质量和办学效益的极重要一环。

培养和造就高素质人才队伍是当务之急

知识经济时代是真正以人为本的时代,人在其中具有核心的地位并发挥关键的作用。知识经济的重要特征是创新性、社会性、人的主体地位的凸现性、国际性和高品位性。正是由于以上这些特征,决定了其物质承担者——人必须是现代化的、高素质的。只有现代化高素质的人才能成为知识经济的生产者和分配者。

Genetic Diversity of Gli-1, Gli-2 and Glu-1 Alleles in Sichuan Wheat Landraces

Genetic diversity at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1 loci was investigated in 89 Sichuan wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landraces by using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (APAGE) and SDS_PAGE. In these landraces, a total of 32 gliadin and 3 high_molecular_weight (HMW) glutenin patterns were observed. In total, 14, 15 and 5 alleles were identified at Gli_1, Gli_2 and Glu_1, respectively. At each locus, the alleles in higher frequency were Gli_A1a (89%), Gli_B1h (46%), Gli_D1a (65%), Gli_A2a (64%), Gli_B2j (45%), Gli_D2a (48%), Glu_A1c (99%), Glu_B1b (99%) and Glu_D1a (100%). The Nei's genetic variation index (H) of Sichuan wheat landraces was 0.370?6, varying from 0 to 0.708?7. The highest genetic diversity was found at Gli_B2 locus, while the lowest was found at Glu_D1. The genetic diversity at Gli loci was higher than that of Glu_1 loci among these landraces, but it was much lower than that of modern wheat cultivars. These results indicated a narrow genetic base of Sichuan wheat landraces. In this study, “Chengdu_guangtou” had the identical gliadin and HMW_glutenin patterns with “Chinese Spring”, further supporting the proposal that “Chinese Spring” is a strain of “Chengdu_guangtou”.

感受钻石

泛舟阿姆斯特河，成群的鸥鸟与你相伴，风格各异的建筑倒映在碧波之中，在河流比道路还多的阿姆斯特丹，纵横交织的河网可以把游客带到这城市的各个角落。我们所参观的钻石工厂，就座落在一个小河汊的码头边。厂家很会做生意，彬彬有礼的侍应生绝不以貌取人，他们谦恭地为...

Performance analysis on a novel water chiller using liquid desiccant

A new type of liquid desiccant water chiller for applications on air-conditioning and refrigeration is introduced.The system can be driven by low-grade heat sources with temperatures of 60 to 80 ℃,which can be easily obtained by a flat plat solar collector,waste heat,etc.A numerical model is developed to study the system performance.The effects of different parameters on performance are discussed,including evaporating temperature,regenerating temperature,ambient condition,and mass flow rates of closed moist air and regenerating air.The results show that an acceptable performance of a cooling capacity of 2.5 kW and a coefficient of performance of 0.37 can be achieved in a reference case.The regenerating temperature and the humidity ratios of ambient air are two main factors affecting system performance,while the temperature of ambient air functions less.In addition,the mass flow rate of regenerating air and closed moist air should be carefully determined for economical operation.

Relationship between process mineralogical characterization and beneficiability of low-grade laterite nickel ore

Process mineralogy of low-grade laterite nickel ore in Indonesia was systematically characterized and the beneficiation process of mineral components such as limonite,serpentine and chromite was studied on the basis of process mineralogy.The results show that the low-grade laterite nickel ore is a typical weathering sedimentary metamorphic oxidized ore,with the main valuable elements of Ni,Co and Cr and the main mineral components of limonite,serpentine,chromite,etc.There is no independent carrier mineral of Ni and Co in the raw ore,and the occurrence states of Ni and Co are relatively dispersed.For the limonite in laterite nickel mine,the nickel bearing magnetite concentrate with nickel grade of 1.98%and recovery rate of 88.42%can be obtained by reduction roasting magnetic separation process.For the serpentine in laterite nickel mine,the cobalt bearing concentrate with Co grade of 0.17%and recovery rate of 23.17%can be obtained by positive and reverse flotation process.A chromium concentrate containing 35.17%Cr_(2)O_(3) and a recovery of 33.42%can be obtained by using the combined process of coarse and fine classification and gravity and magnetic.

CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways on single‐atom Co sites:Impacts of local coordination environment

Single‐atom catalysts have been proposed as promising electrocatalysts for CO_(2) reduction reactions(CO_(2)RR).Co‐N_(4) active sites have attracted wide attention owing to their excellent CO selectivity and activity.However,the effect of the local coordination environment of Co sites on CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways is still unclear.In this study,we investigated the CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways on Co‐N_(4) sites supported on conjugated N_(4)‐macrocyclic ligands with 1,10‐phenanthroline subunits(Co‐N_(4)‐CPY)by density functional theory calculations.The local coordination environment of single‐atom Co sites with N substituted by O(Co‐N_(3)O‐CPY)and C(Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY)was studied for comparison.The calculation results revealed that both C and O coordination break the symmetry of the primary CoN_(4) ligand field and induce charge redistribution of the Co atom.For Co‐N_(4)‐CPY,CO was confirmed to be the main product of CO_(2)RR.HCOOH is the primary product of Co‐N_(3)O‐CPY because of the greatly increased energy barrier of CO_(2) to*COOH.Although the energy barrier of CO_(2) to*COOH is reduced on Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY,the desorption process of*CO becomes more difficult.CH3OH(or CH_(4))are obtained by further*CO hydrogenation reduction when using Co‐N_(3)C‐CPY.This work provides new insight into the effect of the local coordination environment of single‐atom sites on CO_(2) reduction reaction pathways.

Experimental Study to Improve the Agronomic Efficiency of Low Grade Fine Size Rock Phosphate

Soluble phosphate fertilizers have been preferably used in plant crop production. The cost of applying conventional water soluble phosphate fertilizer is high in developing countries since their manufacturing requires importing high grade rock phosphate （RP）. As a result, the use of indigenously available low-grade RP is gaining importance globally. In this study, experiments were carried out using clayey loamy alkaline soil to evaluate the agronomic efficiency of fine sized low grade RP with inorganic nitrogen fertilizers and it was further compared with that of soluble phosphate fertilizer （di-ammonium phosphate）, Cicer arietinum was the test crops subjected to treatments of absolute control, di-ammonium phosphate and low grade RP with varying concentrations of ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate. The experiments were conducted during 2012-2013 in the bid to study the growth rate and the biomass of the crop. Tests were also performed to determine the residual effects of the fertilizers on the crops. The results revealed that the combined use of low grade RP and ammonium sulphate or ammonium nitrate, at 16 kg N/ha, resulted in an agronomic efficiency, in terms of biomass of plants, comparable to that of di-ammonium phosphate and was found to be a more attractive management option for resource-poor farmers.

Improving performance of open-pit mine production scheduling problem under grade uncertainty by hybrid algorithms

One of the surface mining methods is open-pit mining,by which a pit is dug to extract ore or waste downwards from the earth’s surface.In the mining industry,one of the most significant difficulties is long-term production scheduling(LTPS)of the open-pit mines.Deterministic and uncertainty-based approaches are identified as the main strategies,which have been widely used to cope with this problem.Within the last few years,many researchers have highly considered a new computational type,which is less costly,i.e.,meta-heuristic methods,so as to solve the mine design and production scheduling problem.Although the optimality of the final solution cannot be guaranteed,they are able to produce sufficiently good solutions with relatively less computational costs.In the present paper,two hybrid models between augmented Lagrangian relaxation(ALR)and a particle swarm optimization(PSO)and ALR and bat algorithm(BA)are suggested so that the LTPS problem is solved under the condition of grade uncertainty.It is suggested to carry out the ALR method on the LTPS problem to improve its performance and accelerate the convergence.Moreover,the Lagrangian coefficients are updated by using PSO and BA.The presented models have been compared with the outcomes of the ALR-genetic algorithm,the ALR-traditional sub-gradient method,and the conventional method without using the Lagrangian approach.The results indicated that the ALR is considered a more efficient approach which can solve a large-scale problem and make a valid solution.Hence,it is more effectual than the conventional method.Furthermore,the time and cost of computation are diminished by the proposed hybrid strategies.The CPU time using the ALR-BA method is about 7.4%higher than the ALR-PSO approach.

Low-Grade and High-Grade Invasive Ductal Carcinomas of the Breast Follow Divergent routes of Progression

Low-grade invasive ductal carcinoma is almost diploid, and has frequent losses of chromosome 16q, which is shared by other precancerous lesions of the mammary gland such as flat epithelial atypia （FEA）, atypical ductal hyperplasia （ADH）, and lownuclear grade ductal carcinoma in situ （DCIS）. The genetic alterations accumulate in a stepwise fashion as the precancerous lesions progress to invasve ductal carcinoma. This supports the linear progression model of breast cancer from FEA, through ADH, to low- nuclear grade DCIS as non-obligate early events in low-grade IDC evolution. In contrast, high-grade carcinoma tends to aneuploidy with complex genetic alterations--most importantly, frequent gains at chromosome 16q. Frequent losses at chromosome 16q in low-grade IDC and gains in the same arm of the same chromosome in high-grade IDC imply that these lesions are two end outcomes of different disease processes and that they do not lie in the same continuum of a process. Therefore, low-grade and high-grade IDC are two distinct diseases with a divergent route of progression.

SSR Cluster and Fertility Loci Analysis of GC13

[Objective] The research aimed to clarify the genetic mechanism of special wide compatibility of GC13.[Method] The clustering analyses of GC13,five indica,five japonica and five wide compatibility varieties were carried out by using 70 SSR primers.[Result] GC13 was clustered into japonica group and had far genetic relationship with indica and wide compatibility variety.Two fertility loci were detected in GC13,in which one closely linked to RM225 on chromosome 6.According to the position on the chromosome,it speculated that this locus was allelic to S5.GC13 carried the allelic gene S5-n at this locus.The other locus closely linked to RM408 on chromosome 8 and was provisionally designated as Sg(t).At this locus,GC13 carried Sg(t)-i allelic gene,which was consistent with IR36.The effect of S5 locus was stronger than that of Sg(t).[Conclusion] The research laid the good foundation for using the wide compatibility line GC13 to breed the hybrid between subspecies.

Application of restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) to genetic diversity in Saccharina japonica

Restriction site amplified polymorphism (RSAP) was used, for the first time, to analyze the genetic structure and diversity of four, mainly cultivated, varieties of the brown alga, Saccharina japonica. Eighty-eight samples from varieties "Rongfu", "Fujian", "Ailunwan" and "Shengchanzhong" were used for the genetic analyses. One hundred and ninety-eight bands were obtained using eight combinations of primers. One hundred and ninety-one (96.46%) were polymorphic bands. Nei's genetic diversity was 0.360, and the coefficient of genetic differentiation was 0.357. No inbreeding-type recession was found in the four brown alga varieties and the results of the "Ailunwan" variety using samples from 2 years showed that the variety was becoming less diverse during the selection inherent in the breeding program. Genetic diversity and cluster analyses results were consistent with these genetic relationships. The results show the RSAP method is suitable for genetic analysis. Continuous inbreeding and selection could reduce the genetic diversity effectively; therefore periodical supervision is required.

Specificity of Food Security Concept as a Wicked Problem

The aim of the article was firstly to analyze a specific character of the food security＇s concept, and secondly to present a large variety of stakeholders＇ positions dealing with the issue and their impact on economic and political dimensions. For this purpose, a review in available studies and documents was made. The results show that a lack of the precise definition for the food security＇s concept creates different understandings, leading to various interpretations and divergent solutions. The reasons could be found in specifics of the food security＇s concept which is qualified as a wicked problem. Wicked problems refer to issues which are highly complex, have innumerable and undefined causes and are difficult to understand and frame. Therefore, caution is required when positions of stakeholders are estimating. Based on literature, it can be stated that the productionist （focusing on intensive food production） and environmental frames are dominant in the debate, resulting in potential conflicts and different claims about action to be taken. As a result, a clear political vision on the food security＇s concept is lacking. In conclusion, a return to the principle what food production is economically, socially and environmentally sustainable can reshape a public debate in order to actively form food security policies at the global and national levels in the future. However, better coping strategies like cooperative strategy should be developed to tame food security as a wicked problem by turning over to stakeholders for new definitions and solutions.

Growth Characteristics of Mixed Bacteria and Its Solubilizing Effect on Low-grade Phosphate Rock

In this paper, the growth characteristics of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans （At.f） and Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans （At. f） in mixed culture has been studied, explored mixed bacteria phosphate solubilization effect, from a kind of low-grade phosphate rock. The results show that mixed bacteria has strong ability to produce acid, and have stronger oxidation activity to energy source -Fe^2＋. Mixed bacteria can significantly increase the rate of phosphate solubilization from phosphate rock in low concentration pulp. It goes against mixed bacteria reproduction when pulp concentration increased, makes phosphate solubilization rate decreased.

Identification of Genes for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Mungbean

Powdery mildew, which called Sphaerotheca phaseoli in Latin, is one of the major diseases of mungbean （Vigna radiata L.） worldwide, causing up to 50% yield losses. Most mungbean varieties grown in Thailand are susceptible to the disease, therefore, new resistant varieties are highly desirable. Three resistant mungbean lines, V4718, V4758 and V4785, were identified from the AVRDC collection. In this study, the authors compared the resistance levels among these 3 lines and tested the allelic relationship among these resistance genes. Three crosses, V4718 × V4758, V4718 × V4785 and V4758 × V4785, were made and the F1 hybrids were selfed to generate the F2 populations and crossed to a susceptible variety, CN72 to generate the F1 × S populations. In the F1 × S and F2 populations, the resistance segregated in a ratio of 3 Resistant （R）：I Susceptible （S） and 15R：IS, respectively for all three crosses. These results indicate that a single dominant gene confers resistance to powdery mildew in each resistant line and these resistance genes are non-allelic. The authors are currently transferring these resistance genes into commercial varieties to provide durable resistance to powdery mildew.

Entropy Analysis of NH_3/H_2O Absorption-Compression Heat Pump

The absorption-compression heat pump （ACHP） has been considered as an effective approach to recover and utilize low-grade heat sources. In the present study, the first and second law thermodynamic analyses of the ACHP with NH3/H20 as working fluid were performed. Thermodynamic properties of each point and heat transfer rate of each component in the cycle under basic operation conditions were calculated from the first law analysis. Following the second law of thermodynamics, the entropy generation of each component and the total entropy generation of the system were obtained. The effect~ of the heating temperature, heat source temperature, and compression ratio on the coefficient of performance （COP） and the total entropy generation （ STot ） of the system were examined. The results show that the increase in COP corresponds to a decrease in STot, and vice versa; besides, for certain operating conditions, an optimum compression ratio in the NH~/H20 ACHP exists.

怎样办好军队科技期刊

办好我国的军队科技期刊,必须加强理性探讨,确保保密性;把握科技前沿,确保前瞻性;关注科技难点,确保实用性;采用高新技术,确保时效性;提高编校质量,确保品位性。

花篮烤鹅

付玉达总是梦想干一些名利双收的事情，同时这事情具有品位性和娱乐性。比如，从四十五岁开始，他就扬言要走一百个村屯，坚决找那些绝对没亲戚没情人没名声没风景的村屯。进屯子不给基层党支部添麻烦，也别让村长心烦，就当自己是个盲流子，进屯碰见谁是谁。