浙江省玉环市特色作物品种资源鉴定与评价

在对浙江省玉环市作物种质资源普查与收集的基础上,遴选具有地方特色的农家品种(玉环盘菜、玉环芥菜、玉环南瓜和玉环剪豆),按照作物资源鉴定与评价的规范程序,开展植物学特征、农艺性状、品质特性的调查与测定。结果表明,玉环盘菜有中缨和小缨2种,具有口味佳、营养丰富、耐储运等特点。玉环芥菜为二年生草本,无毛无粉霜,具有药用价值。玉环南瓜茎长数米,瓠果扁球形,表面有纵沟和隆起。玉环南瓜口感甜、粉,可制成各式食物。玉环剪豆为半蔓生,属于软荚豌豆,为玉环市名特优农产品,是浙江省地方农家蔬菜良种。分子标记结果表明,3对InDel标记检测玉环光叶盘菜和毛叶盘菜之间发现多态性;利用6对ISSR标记对玉环剪豆和大溪剪豆进行DNA扩增,获得多态性的差异。本研究调查玉环市作物种质资源的分布与变迁,搜集特色作物种质资源并进行鉴定与评价,为地方特色作物种质资源保护与利用提供科学依据。

兼容型maizeSNP384标记筛选与玉米杂交种DNA指纹图谱构建

为加强玉米品种管理和知识产权保护,评估确定了一套兼容多技术平台,适于玉米分子鉴定的SNP位点组合,该组合包含384个位点;构建了335个玉米杂交种SNP-DNA指纹,并针对位点和样品从各个角度进行分析。384个位点全部分布在基因内区域,显示了较好的多态性;MAF、PIC、DP平均值分别为0.39、0.36、0.60,384个位点中88%的位点MAF值高于0.30,98%的位点PIC值高于0.30,98%的位点DP值高于0.50。对335个玉米杂交种进行遗传相似系数两两比较,GD(1−Nei遗传距离)的变异范围为0.60~0.99,GD≥0.98、0.95、0.90者分别占比0.10%、0.38%、1.40%;GS(相同等位基因比)的变异范围为0.50~0.99,GS≥0.98、0.95、0.90者分别占比0.03%、0.11%、0.35%。从384个位点中抽取最优位点组合,12个位点组合时品种识别率为0.99,20个位点组合能够识别335个品种。综上所述,本研究报道的384个核心SNP位点具有兼容多平台、高稳定性、高重复性、高品种区分能力,利用核心位点构建了335个玉米杂交种SNP-DNA指纹,为玉米品种分子鉴定、指纹数据构建以及分子育种提供了关键数据支撑。

Molecular Identification and Cultivar Fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Germplasms

[Objective] The aim was to study the molecular identification and cultivar fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch germplasms.[Method] Sixty peach genotypes,representing China common local cultivars and European samples were screened by microsatellites (simple sequence repeats,SSRs) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.[Result] 26 reproducible bands were amplified by Nine SSR primers,and 24 of which were polymorphic; 236 bands were amplified by 30 ISSR primers,and 113 of which were polymorphic.31 genotypes were discriminated with 1-3 distinct polymorphic bands generated from the primers ISSR and SSR.Seven cultivar-specific ISSR fragments and two SSR unique alleles obtained from this study were available to be converted into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers.The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) estimated from these molecular data averaged were 0.939 (ranged from 0.856 to 0.983) for ISSR and 0.646 (ranged from 0.240 to 1.000) for SSR,respectively.The combined grouping association indicated that most local Chinese peach cultivars and exotic accessions were clustered together.This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the peach cultivars involving limited foundation germplasm,exchange of cultivars between plantations,and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.[Conclusion] The results obtained in this work would help to improve the conservation,molecular identification and management of peach germplasm in breeding.

Molecular markers for identifying a new selected variety of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Selective breeding of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei during the last decade has produced new varieties exhibiting high growth rates and disease resistance.However,the identification of new varieties of shrimps from their phenotypic characters is difficult.This study introduces a new approach for identifying varieties of shrimps using molecular markers of microsatellites and mitochondrial control region sequences.The method was employed to identify a new selected variety,Kehai No.1(KH-1),from three representative stocks(control group):Zhengda;Tongwei;and a stock collected from Fujian Province,which is now cultured in China's Mainland.By pooled genotyping of KH-1 and the control group,five microsatellites showing differences between KH-1 and the control group were screened out.Individual genotyping data confirmed the results from pooled genotyping.The genotyping data for the five microsatellites were applied to the assignment analysis of the KH-1 group and the control group using the partial Bayesian assignment method in GENECLASS2.By sequencing the mitochondrial control regions of individuals from the KH-1 and control group,four haplotypes were observed in the KH-1 group,whereas14 haplotypes were obtained in the control group.By combining the microsatellite assignment analysis with mitochondrial control region analysis,the average accuracy of identification of individuals in the KH-1group and control group reached 89%.The five selected microsatellite loci and mitochondrial control region sequences were highly polymorphic and could be used to distinguish new selected varieties of L.vannamei from other populations cultured in China.