新旧比色卡颜色变化及其在长寿花花色测定和品种分组上的应用

[目的]本文旨在分析花色测试常用工具——英国皇家园艺学会比色卡(Royal Horticultural Society Color Chart,RHSCC)长期使用后的颜色变化情况,以及颜色变化在花色测定和花色性状品种分组上的影响。[方法]使用色差仪对新(未使用)和旧(使用10年)的RHSCC进行颜色测定,并利用色差仪及新、旧2套RHSCC对150个长寿花品种进行花色测定和花色分组,分析比较3种测色分组结果的优劣。[结果]新、旧2套RHSCC在统计学水平上存在显著差异(P<0.001),差异大小与色块使用频率和装订孔距离成正相关;884个色块中除1个色块外,2套RHSCC色差值小于人眼可觉察的1.5个CIE LAB单位;2套RHSCC在长寿花花色测定上一致性为100%。另外,基于RHSCC和目测的品种分组存在边界不清,部分分组过大、过小或重叠等问题。基于CIE LAB和聚类分析的品种分组将150个品种划分为白、黄、橙、浅粉、粉、红和紫红7大色组,其品种花色分组的合理性在花色测定值L*a*b*三维色空间、a*b*二维坐标分布、箱线图、视觉图像中得以证实。[结论]新、旧2套RHSCC色卡间的颜色变化统计学差异在人眼可察觉范围外,不影响目测比色法的花色测定结果,但RHSCC目测比色的品种花色分组间存在重叠区间,不宜应用于严格的品种花色分组。

Construction of AFLP Molecular Marking System in Mangifera indica L.

[Objective ] The study aimed to construct the AFLP molecular marking system in Mangifera indica. [ Method ] Four varieties of Mangifera indica were used to explore new ways for high-quality DNA, and AFLP analysis of 31 varieties of Mangifera indica was carried out to detect the varietal genetic diversity. [ Result] 14 pairs of primers with stronger polymorphism, better banding patterns and higher resolution were screened out from 64 pairs of selective amplification primers. Then they were used to analyse the fingerprint of 31 varieties of Mangifera indica, the results showed that the ratio of polymorphic bands amplificated by the 14 pairs of primers reached 97% in 31 varieties of Mangifera.[ Conclusion] It was suggested that AFLP was suitable for detecting the polymorphism of Mangifera indica resources.

Extra-Large Seed Germplasms of Brassica Napus Created through Microspore Culture

Thousand Seed Weight （TSW） is one of the major yield components of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.）. Here reports an extra-large seed germplasm GM01 which was obtained through isolated microspore culture. Three-way cross was made： H8--a Yunnan spring early-maturing rapeseed variety, ＂Legeney＂--a Canadian canola variety and ＂020010＂--a semi-winter late-maturing rapeseed variety. One hundred and forty eight doubled hyploid lines were obtained from the F~ plants of three-way cross through isolated mierospore culture. Among them, the TSW of GM01 amounted to 8.68 g and the TSW of 53 lines were above 5.0 g. The TSWs of GM01 were relatively stable among the multi-location field trials from 2007 to 2014 with variation being only 10%-15% among the locations and years. Compared with H8, GM01 had larger flowers, stigmas, siliques and seed diameters, but less branches, siliques per plant and seeds per silique.

Relationships between high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit （HMW-GS）, pentosan and various component contents in different wheat varieties

The composition of HMW-GS and pentosan and its various component contents in different wheat varieties were analyzed. According to scores of these subunits in several wheat varieties, the correlation relationship between the composition of HMW-GS, subunit combination types and pentosan, various components and component ratio were ascertained. The results showed that HMW-GSs were very diverse which had 11 types. In different varieties, the variation of Ara was obvious while Xyl was not; pentosan and its various component contents were very different, and their coefficient of variability was quite high. The majority of parameters had a significant negative correlation with Glu-1 where Glu-D1 was stronger than other two loci. N, 7, 17＋18 and 2＋12 subunits had influence on pentosan and its various component contents. But some subunits such as 1 and 5＋ 10 which are good for baking quality had little contribution to pentosan and various component contents. The pentosan and various component contents were higher in the varieties which had （N, 7, 2＋12） subunit combinations. Additionally, the 21 varieties were classified into 4 categories according to HMW-GS scores and pentosan content.

Studies on the Authenticity of Local Wines by Spectroscopic and Chemometric Analysis

The authenticity of 91 wines produced in Cyprus from both indigenous and other vine varieties were investigated by a holistic approach, using, advanced technology such as SNIF-NMR （site-specific natural isotopic fractionation-nuclear magnetic resonance） and 1R-MS （isotope ratio-mass spectrometry） for the determination of the stable isotopes and ICP （inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy） for some heavy metals. The spectroscopic characteristics were evaluated statistically using different chemometric methods. The dependency of the D/H （deuterium/hydrogen） ratio of the methylene site in the ethanol molecule （D/H）ll and also theδ ^18O values of the wine water, were the most useful discriminators. Isotopic results allow us to have a complete idea about the regional variability of the isotopes. Among the metals, Ni followed by Pb was the ones with the highest discrimination value. The determined concentrations of Pb, Ni, Cr and Cd that are related to the safety of wines were within the acceptable limits that have been established by the OIV （international organization of vine and wine） or comparable with the results of the wines of other European countries. The study of the correlation between the load of heavy metals and isotopes in wines showed a dependence on the grape variety but not the geographical location of the vineyard. This is probably due to the close proximity of wine regions in Cyprus.

Identification of the novel recessive gene pi55(t) conferring resistance to Magnaporthe oryzae

The elite rice cultivar Yuejingsimiao 2 （YJ2） is characterized by a high level of grain quality and yield, and resistance against Magnaporthe oryzae. YJ2 showed 100% resistance to four fungal populations collected from Guangdong, Sichuan, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang Provinces, which is a higher frequency than that shown by the well-known resistance （R） gene donor culti- vats such as Sanhuangzhan 2 and 28zhan. Segregation analysis for resistance with F2 and F4 populations indicated the re- sistance of YJ2 was controlled by multiple genes that are dominant or recessive. The putative R genes of YJ2 were roughly tagged by SSR markers, located on chromosomes 2, 6, 8, and 12, in a hulked-segregant analysis using genome-wide selected SSR markers with F4 lines that segregated into 3 resistant （R）： 1 susceptible （S） or 1R：3S. The recessive R gene on chromosome 8 was further mapped to an interval ~1.9 cM/152 kb in length by linkage analysis with genomic position-ready markers in the mapping population derived from an F4 line that segregated into 1R：3S. Given that no major R gene was mapped to this inter- val, the novel R gene was designated as pi55（t）. Out of 26 candidate genes predicted in the region based on the reference genomic sequence of the cultivar Nipponbare, two genes that encode a leucine-rich repeat-containing protein and heavy-metalassociated domain-containing protein, respectively, were suggested as the most likely candidates for pi55（t）.

Fine Root Patterning and Balanced Inorganic Phosphorus Distribution in the Soil Indicate Distinctive Adaptation of Maize Plants to Phosphorus Deficiency

Plants have diverse strategies to cope with phosphorus （P） deficiency. To better understand how maize responds to P deficiency, a field experiment with two P levels, 0 and 100 kg P205 ha-1 （P0 and P100, respectively）, was carried out as a part of a long-term Pfertilizer field trial. Plant and soil analyses showed that P-deficient maize reduced its growth rate, increased P use efficiency, and formed more thin roots with the diameter less than 0.6 mm at jointing and silking stages, compared to the plants treated with P100. Further, there were no differences in major inorganic P fractions （Ca2-P, Cas-P, Al-P, Fe-P, occluded P and Ca10-P） between the rhizospheric and bulk soils at each harvest, even when soil Olsen-P was only 1.38 mg kg-1. These results suggested that maize responded to P deficiency by reducing the internal P demand for growth and increasing P acquisition ability by favorable root morphological alteration at low carbon cost.