不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性鉴定及相关生理生化研究

【目的】明确不同葡萄品种对霜霉病的抗性,解析葡萄抵御霜霉病菌的相关生理反应及相关信号通路。【方法】采用田间调查、室内测定分析40个葡萄品种对葡萄霜霉病的抗性,研究在葡萄霜霉病菌诱导下,叶片的水杨酸(SA)、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量的变化,PR1、NPR1、Rboh D的表达。【结果】多数品种室内外对霜霉病抗性一致,高抗品种的SA、H2O2较感病品种更快更多量的积累,NPR1、PR1及Rboh D基因在高抗品种中更快更强烈的诱导表达。【结论】SA信号通路、活性氧通路参与了葡萄对霜霉病的抗性。

向日葵抗列当水平室内鉴定体系准确性评价及不同品种抗列当水平鉴定

向日葵列当是一种寄生在向日葵根部的寄生性种子植物。向日葵被列当寄生后表现为植株矮化、花盘减小、产量急剧下降,含油量和蛋白含量也明显降低,严重时可导致向日葵绝收。利用12份在田间条件下鉴定出抗性水平的向日葵品种对室内建立的列当寄生体系(培养皿滤纸体系)鉴定结果的准确性进行了评价。在此基础上对供试的80份不同向日葵品种的抗列当水平进行了室内鉴定。结果表明,供试的47份食葵品种中以TP3313为代表的3份品种表现为免疫水平,所占比例为6%;而以JK601为代表的11份品种呈现高抗水平,占比为24%;其余品种均呈现感病和高感水平。供试的33份油葵品种中以F917为代表的11份品种表现为免疫水平,所占比例为33%;而以赤CY102为代表的14份品种呈现高抗水平,占比为43%;感病和高感水平品种占比为3%。整体看来,油葵品种对列当的抗性水平显著高于食葵品种。

江苏省小麦新品种（系）抗叶、秆锈病鉴定评价及其利用研究

江苏省小麦新品种（系）抗叶、秆锈病鉴定评价及其利用研究①王奎荣夏善保冯国华陈荣振（江苏徐淮地区徐州农科所２２１１２１）小麦叶、秆锈病是影响本省小麦高产的主要病害之一。其最有效的防治方法是选育抗病品种，提高推广品种的抗病性。为此前人做了大量的工作，育出...

10种烟草品种(系)对烟草靶斑病的抗性分析

为探究烟草不同成熟度烟叶及不同烟草品种(系)对烟草靶斑病的抗性,本研究基于田间病情指数评价了“云烟87”不同成熟度(未熟、适熟和成熟)烟叶对靶斑病的抗性,并采用离体叶片法和田间病情指数评价了“云烟87”“云烟85”“云烟97”“红花大金元”“贵烟5号”“贵烟8号”“GZ36”“K326”“韭菜坪2号”和“毕纳1号”这10个烟草品种(系)对烟草靶斑病的抗性.研究结果发现,成熟叶片对靶斑病抗性最弱,病情指数为90.20,其次为适熟叶片,病情指数为66.67,而未熟叶片抗性最强,病情指数为25.00.结合室内和田间的调查结果发现,10个烟草品种(系)对烟草靶斑病表现出不同抗性,其中“韭菜坪2号”抗性最强,接菌10 d时平均病斑直径为12.38 mm,调查14 d时田间病情指数为60.00;其次为“云烟97”“云烟85”“毕纳1号”“贵烟8号”“云烟87”“红花大金元”和“GZ36”,病斑直径范围为18.00~23.00 mm;“贵烟5号”和“K326”抗性较弱,病斑直径为24.28 mm和25.91 mm,14 d时田间病情指数分别为68.44和62.67.研究结果提示,不同成熟度烟叶抗性表现不同,不同品种烟草对烟草靶斑病表现抗性不同,可为烟草靶斑病抗性种质资源的筛选提供参考.

榆林市马铃薯疮痂病菌的鉴定与防控技术研究

为有效防控马铃薯疮痂病,在陕西省榆林市开展了基础研究和防控技术研究。采用形态学鉴定、基因测序和致病力测定进行了基础研究,同时开展了大田药剂防效试验和品种抗性比较。结果表明,榆林市马铃薯产区的疮痂病菌主要为欧洲疮痂链霉菌(Streptomyces europaeiscabiei),不同菌株的致病力存在差异。77%硫酸铜钙可湿性粉剂、复合芽孢杆菌菌剂和47%春雷·王铜可湿性粉剂这3种药剂对马铃薯疮痂病的防效较好,分别是63.6%、56.65%和55.09%;其次是100万孢子/g寡雄腐霉可湿性粉剂处理和0.05大丽轮枝孢激活蛋白水剂,防效分别是50.30%和48.38%,防效较差的是12%噻霉酮水分散粒剂和20%噻唑锌悬浮剂,分别是23.54%和12.12%。陇薯7号和北茂8号对马铃薯疮痂病中抗,希森6号、秦薯119、沃土5号、冀张薯12、高原5号和V7均为感病品种。

Resistance of Major and Backup Rice Cultivars against Ustilaginoidea virens in Anhui Province

[Objective] The aim was to study resistance of major and backup rice cul- tivars against Ustilaginoidea virens. [Method] Experiments and surveys were made on resistance of seventeen backup rice cultivars and some major cultivars in Anhui Province to identify resistance of different rice cultivars. [Result] Yanjing No.9, 80You 226, Tianxie No.l, A01 Xian, Lvjingnuo No.6 were moderate resistant; A03 Xian and Yangjing 636 were susceptible and the rest ten showed moderate susceptibility. Based on surveys on major rice cultivars, most of Liangyou rice series are suscept- able and novel Liangyou Xiang 4 enjoys resistance to certain extent. [Conclusion] The research provided references for resistance of rice against diseases in Anhui Province.

Screening of Rice Stripe Virus(RSV)-resistant Germplasm from Landraces of Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to screen rice strip virus （RSV）-resistant landraces. [Method] The resistance of 119 rice landraces to rice stripe virus was identified in field spontaneously infected with smal plant-hopper. [Result] There were 55 landraces resistant to rice strip disease in 56 indica rice landraces, but on-ly two resistant to rice strip disease in 63 japonica rice landraces. [Conclusion] The results revealed that there were abundant rice landscapes resistant to RSV in Chi-na, and these varieties can be used to develop more genes resistant to RSV.

Screening of Drought Resistance Identification Indexes for Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Ningxia

The morphological characters, physiological characters, yield traits and yield per plant of total 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia were investigated under conditions of water stress and non-water stress so as to determine the relationship between each trait and yield per plant under water stress and the relationship between each relative character and drought resistance coefficient under water stress and non-water stress. The correlation, grey correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses showed that the tiller number per plant, plant height, grain density, effective panicle number per plant and grain number per panicle, total 5 traits, were significantly correlated with the drought resistance of rice, and they could be used to identify the drought resistance of rice in Ningxia. In addition, the drought resistance of rice was graded qualitatively according to the subordinate function value of corresponding drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that among the 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia,6 rice cultivars were highly drought resistant, and 9 rice cultivars were moderately drought resistant, suggesting that the evaluation method was feasible and effective.

Identification of Genes for Powdery Mildew Resistance in Mungbean

Powdery mildew, which called Sphaerotheca phaseoli in Latin, is one of the major diseases of mungbean （Vigna radiata L.） worldwide, causing up to 50% yield losses. Most mungbean varieties grown in Thailand are susceptible to the disease, therefore, new resistant varieties are highly desirable. Three resistant mungbean lines, V4718, V4758 and V4785, were identified from the AVRDC collection. In this study, the authors compared the resistance levels among these 3 lines and tested the allelic relationship among these resistance genes. Three crosses, V4718 × V4758, V4718 × V4785 and V4758 × V4785, were made and the F1 hybrids were selfed to generate the F2 populations and crossed to a susceptible variety, CN72 to generate the F1 × S populations. In the F1 × S and F2 populations, the resistance segregated in a ratio of 3 Resistant （R）：I Susceptible （S） and 15R：IS, respectively for all three crosses. These results indicate that a single dominant gene confers resistance to powdery mildew in each resistant line and these resistance genes are non-allelic. The authors are currently transferring these resistance genes into commercial varieties to provide durable resistance to powdery mildew.