西北春谷区谷子新品种长生10号的丰产性及稳产性分析

[目的]促进谷子新品种长生10号的合理推广应用。[方法]根据2011～2012年国家谷子品种区域试验（西北春谷区组）产量汇总资料，采用变异系数、品种丰产性指标、高稳系数等分析方法及 AMMI 模型，对长生10号的丰产性、稳产性进行分析与评价。[结果]变异系数、品种丰产性指标、高稳系数等分析方法与 AMMI 模型分析结果基本一致，均表明长生10号是一个丰产性好、稳定性高且最适合辽宁省种植的谷子新品种。[结论]在推广长生10号时，不仅要依靠品种自身的增产潜力，同时也要考虑利用资源环境优势，并高度重视基因型与环境的互作效应。

实用家蚕品种选育推广若干问题的研讨

实用家蚕品种的选育推广为品种的不断更新提供了可能,解放后我国基本形成了4代家蚕品种,如江苏等已于近期推出了第5代家蚕品种,有力地促进了我国蚕丝行业的科技进步和生产水平及效益的不断提高,逐步缩小了与国际先进水平的差距.

Comparative Experiments on Different Varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L. under Dry Farming Conditions

[Objective] The aim was to screen varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris L.for cultivation in arid,semi-arid areas.[Method] The cultivation experiments of seven varieties of P.vulgaris under dry farming conditions were carried out in typical dry farming agriculture region Yangqu County in North China.[Result] The plants of Teyoutejiadou,Chaojiwujing and Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong were relatively strong;the growth rate of Aifeng,Jingxuanjiadouwang and Chaochangsijidou was relatively rapid;the transpiration rate of functional leaves of Aifeng was the lowest.The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang was significant higher than that of other varieties,the unit yield was up to 36.33 t/hm2,which was 1.39 times higher than that of Aifeng and 1.9 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong;followed by the yield of Aifeng（26.07 t/hm2）,which was 1.37 times higher than that of Xinxinyichiqingyuanlong.[Conclusion] The yield of Tianma 95-33 jiadouwang and Aifeng was relatively high,as well as the protein content,indicating that they were suitable to be applied and cultivated in the experimental plot and surrounding areas.

Analysis and Evaluation Indicator Selection of Chilling Tolerance of Different Cotton Genotypes

[Objectivc] This study aimed to investigate the chilling tolerance of seedlings of different cotton genotypes and screen appropriate indicators for assess- ing chilling tolerance, to establish reliable mathematical evaluation model for chilling tolerance of cotton, thus providing theoretical basis for breeding and promoting new chilling-tolerant cotton germplasms and large-scale evaluation of chilling tolerance of cotton varieties. [Method] Fifteen cotton varieties （lines） were used as experimental materials. The photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence ki- netic parameters, chlorophyll content, relative soluble sugar content, malonaldehyde content, relative proiine content, relative conductivity and other 12 physiological indi- cators of seedling leaves under low temperature treatment （5 ℃, 12 h） and recovery treatment （25 ℃. 24 h） were determined; based on the chilling tolerance coefficient （CTC） of various individual indicators, the comprehensive evaluation of chilling toler- ance was conducled by using principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster anal- ysis and stepwise regression analysis. [Result] The results showed that the 12 indi- vidual physiological indicators could be classified into 7 independent comprehensive components by principal component analysis; 15 cotton varieties （lines） were clus- tered into three categories by using membership function method and hierarchical cluster analysis; the mathematical model for evaluating chilling tolerance of cotton seedlings was established： D =0.275 -0.244Fo1 ＋0.206Fv/Fm1＋0.326g,%-0.056SS ＋ 0.225MDA＋O.O38REC （FF=0.995）, and the evaluation accuracy of the equation was higher than 94.25%,0. Six identification indicators closely related to chilling tolerance were screened, including Fo,, Fv/Fm1, Seedling leaves of cotton varieties （lines） gs2, SS, MDA, and REC. [Conclusion] with high chilling tolerance are less dam- aged under low temperature stress, and are able to maintain relatively high photo- synthetic electron transport capacity and high stomatal conductance after recovery treatment, which is contributed to gas exchange and recovery of photosynthetic ca- pacity. Determination of the six indicators under the same stress condition can be adopted for rapid identification and prediction of the chilling tolerance of other cotton varieties, which provides basis for the breeding, promotion, identification and screen- ing of chilling tolerant germplasms.

Genetic Diversity Analysis and Fingerprint Construction of Major Mango Cultivars in China

[Objective] The genetic diversity of major mango cultivars in China was analyzed by using SSR markers, and their fingerprints were constructed so as to provide theoretical basis for germplasm innovation and breeding of mango. [Method] With 115 pairs of SSR primers, genetic diversity analysis and cluster analysis were performed for 30 mango cultivars, among which the genetic relationships were analyzed. [Result] Total 64 pairs of polymorphic primers were screened out from the 115 pairs of primers, and total 343 bands were amplified from the 30 cultivars with 73.2% of polymorphic bands. On average, 3.9 allelic loci were detected for each pair of primers with genetic diversity index of 0.5, Shannon＇s diversity index of 1.00 and polymorphism information content of 0.49, indicating higher genetic diversity. The cluster analysis showed that the 30 major cultivars could be classified into four categories. The first category included 14 cultivars; the second category included 11 cultivars, most of which were introduced from abroad; the third category included 4 cultivars, Le., Miansan, Parayinda, Baiyu and Hongxiangya： the fourth category included only one cultivar Maqiesu.By using 7 pairs of SSR markers, i.e., M42, M49, M54, M55, M96, M99 and M103, digital fingerprints were constructed for the 30 mango cultivars. [Conclusion] The 30 mango cultivars present more complex genomic genetics and abundant genetic information, and they have higher genetic diversity.

Selection of Example Varieties Used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.

[Objective] Taking the characteristic of flower diameter of Tagetes L.as an example,this study aimed to select example varieties used in the DUS Test Guideline of Tagetes L.[Method] Two continuous years of measurements of flower diameter of 25 varieties were collected and then analyzed by using the box plot to illustrate the uniformity and stability of flower diameter of each variety.[Result] According to the information of variability,distribution symmetry of measurements and outliers of flower diameter of varieties provided by box plots,variety 16,2 and 4 were selected as the example varieties for the three expression states with respective flower diameter of 3.0-4.4,6.0-7.4 and 9.0-10.4 cm.[Conclusion] The box plot is an efficient method for the general analysis of varieties,which provides information covering the actual and possible expression range,median and outliers of measurements of flower diameter of each variety.It also provides references for selecting example varieties for other quantitative characteristics and evaluating the quality of varieties.

山西小麦生态研究Ⅰ生态监测点的产量反应及结构分析

本文采用不同冬春类型品种在我省南、中、北不同生态麦区的１５个县、市，１７个不同栽培条件试点上进行定位观察，获得１６个生态监测点，１１９个环境×品种的组合产量，明确了样点产量与产量结构的变异特点：穗数＞粒数＞粒重，表明穗数是最易受自然与栽培环境影响而变化的关键产量因素。试验在６０万穗之内，穗数与产量几乎呈线性关系，相关系数达０．８２。在对产量的作用力上，环境作用力占到９０％多，远大于品种对产量的作用，并相对表现为环境对穗数作用力较大，而品种对穗粒重作用力较大，试验年份由于越冬气温偏高，半冬性小麦在晋中忻州都安全越冬，春性小麦在霍县以南及太原小气候下亦安全越冬。

关于追加投资回收期内涵及其计算公式的研究

追加投资回收期是进行方案比较和选优时最常用到的一项技术经济指标。该指标的一般含义是,一个方案多支出(追加)的投资,通过它多节约的成本来回收,所需要的年限。由于各方案的效益类指标(数量指标、质量指标、品种指标、时间因素指标等)可能不同,因此,在计算追加投资回收期时,常需先进行等同化处理,使各方案具有可比性。但是,通过本文分析,我们将会看到:在进行等同化处理之后,采用现行计算追加投资回收期的方法来比较方案的优劣,其所得出的结论,却可能是完全错误的。

超额百分奖

我厂从1979年11月起对综合奖进行了改革,实行超额百分计奖法,规定只完成国家计划不得奖,超产才给奖,克服了奖金分配上的平均主义,促进了生产。我厂将8项经济技术指标分解成278个小指标,与车间、科室签订经济合同。分解后的小指标,一般是由车间或科室一家负责,对需由责任车间和有关职能科室共同负责的,则分头同时下达。如平板玻璃的原板质量指标,分别下达给熔制车间和技术科;

低分子量谷蛋白亚基与醇溶蛋白的关系及其对小麦烘烤品质的影响

对 CooK—AroonaF6代55个品系的籽粒分别进行了高分子量谷蛋白亚基,低分子量谷蛋白亚基和醇溶蛋白的电泳分析,并测定了其面粉的延绅性、SDS—沉淀值和蛋白质含量。结果表明,低分子量谷蛋白亚基 Glu—A3b 与醇溶蛋白 Gli—A1（7+12或12）之间;Glu—A C 与 Gli—A1（7+1或11）之间及 Glu—A3e与 Gli—A1（7）之间有着十分紧密的关系。Glu—A3b 与 Glu—A3C 或 Gli—A1（7+12.12）与 Gli—A1（7+11、11）所对应的品种指标 Rmax、E 与 SDS—SED

Molecular Identification and Cultivar Fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch Germplasms

[Objective] The aim was to study the molecular identification and cultivar fingerprints of Prunus persica (L.) Batsch germplasms.[Method] Sixty peach genotypes,representing China common local cultivars and European samples were screened by microsatellites (simple sequence repeats,SSRs) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.[Result] 26 reproducible bands were amplified by Nine SSR primers,and 24 of which were polymorphic; 236 bands were amplified by 30 ISSR primers,and 113 of which were polymorphic.31 genotypes were discriminated with 1-3 distinct polymorphic bands generated from the primers ISSR and SSR.Seven cultivar-specific ISSR fragments and two SSR unique alleles obtained from this study were available to be converted into Sequence Characterized Amplified Region (SCAR) markers.The genetic similarity coefficient (GS) estimated from these molecular data averaged were 0.939 (ranged from 0.856 to 0.983) for ISSR and 0.646 (ranged from 0.240 to 1.000) for SSR,respectively.The combined grouping association indicated that most local Chinese peach cultivars and exotic accessions were clustered together.This could be related to the mode of introduction and maintenance of the peach cultivars involving limited foundation germplasm,exchange of cultivars between plantations,and periodic development of new recombinant cultivars following sexual reproduction.[Conclusion] The results obtained in this work would help to improve the conservation,molecular identification and management of peach germplasm in breeding.

The Study of Using Near-infrared Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Rapid Identify Wheat Drought Resistance-Ⅱ

[Objective] The aim was to build an evaluation method rapidly identifying wheat drought tolerance with near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. [Method] In the research, 36 wheat varieties in 2007-2009 were chosen and drought-tolerance degrees of wheat were graded and identified according to Winter-wheat Drought Tol- erance Evaluation Technical Standards （GB/T 21127-2007）, and harvest wheat grains underwent spectrum collection, with a full-spectrum analyzer, to establish a database. [Result] Based on qualitative analysis and full-spectrum correlation research, the coef- ficient of determination （RSQ） and cross-validation coefficient of determination （1-VR） were concluded at 0.697 5 and 0.600 2, showing near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is of significant differences among wheat varieties and of significant or extremely significant correlation with drought-tolerance indices. [Conclusion] The re- search indicates that to evaluate drought-tolerance of wheat with near-infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy is a rapid and feasible way, which is simple, convenient without damages on grains, and of practical values for construction wheat drought-tol- erance evaluation index system and identification of breeding materials.

Screening of Drought Resistance Identification Indexes for Rice(Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars in Ningxia

The morphological characters, physiological characters, yield traits and yield per plant of total 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia were investigated under conditions of water stress and non-water stress so as to determine the relationship between each trait and yield per plant under water stress and the relationship between each relative character and drought resistance coefficient under water stress and non-water stress. The correlation, grey correlation, stepwise regression and path analyses showed that the tiller number per plant, plant height, grain density, effective panicle number per plant and grain number per panicle, total 5 traits, were significantly correlated with the drought resistance of rice, and they could be used to identify the drought resistance of rice in Ningxia. In addition, the drought resistance of rice was graded qualitatively according to the subordinate function value of corresponding drought resistance coefficient. The results showed that among the 49 rice cultivars from Ningxia,6 rice cultivars were highly drought resistant, and 9 rice cultivars were moderately drought resistant, suggesting that the evaluation method was feasible and effective.

A Review on the Identification Indicators of Tea Germplasm

Tea plant is cross pollinated plant, it forms a variety of the tea Germplasm constantly in the long-term breeding process. Tea Germplasm resources are the material foundation for improving varieties and also the basic research which is good for developing and expanding tea well-bred varieties in tea field, especially in quality selection and biotechnology research. Furthermore, excellent tea germplasm is primary condition for tea breeding and quality. Therefore, identification and screening excellent tea germplasm become particularly important. We need accelerate develop high-quality tea varieties, and it need to base on exploring and studying tea germplasm. This paper reviews the research progress of tea germplasm on identification from morphological characteristic, biological characteristic, quality characteristic, resistance and heredity. However, there are still some problems on identification and screening of tea germplasm, no effective methods have been found so far which apply on early identification and genetic engineering, so we should make intensive and long lasting study tea germplasm and analyze systematically various identification, which are benefit for breeding high-quality seeds, shortening the breeding period and summing the new way of breeding. We expect them to play the key roles and provide the theory basis for genetic improvement, classification and breeding in tea plant.

Development of emergency water quality standard for Cr^(6+) and Hg^(2+) in Liao River basin

The acute toxicity data of Cr＋ and Hg2＋ to the aquatic organisms in Liao River basin was collected and screened. Calculated results of criteria values using popular species sensitivity distribution （SSD） methods were evaluated through data analysis. The comprehensive methodology of emergency water quality standards （EWQSs） was established on the basis of the SSD method of Australia and New Zealand according to the evalu- ation results. The affected fractions of the aquatic organisms were set to be 5 %, 15 %, 30 % and 50 %, corre- sponding to the risk grades of Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and IV, and four-grade EWQSs, respectively. The EWQSs for Cr6＋ and Hg2. in the Liao River were derived and the corresponding risk indicators were also proposed. The results showed that the four-grade EWQSs for Cr6＋ were 2.85 μg/L, 21.0 μg/L, 161 μg/L and 797 μ/L, respec- tively, and the risk indicators were daphnia （grade Ⅱ ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and the bighead fish or tadpole （grade IV）. The four-grade EWQSs for Hg2＋ were 0.59 μg/L, 2.32 μg/L, 6.25 μg/L and 15.6 μg/L, respective- ly, and the risk indicators were crucian carp or daphnia （grade Ⅱ）, shrimp （grade Ⅲ）, and worm or crab （grade IV）. The results provided valuable information for the risk analysis of sudden ambient water environmen- tal pollution accident.