以京农科728等24个我国生产大面积推广的玉米品种为研究材料,比较不同类型玉米品种的冠层结构、光合及灌浆脱水特性差异,为适宜机收籽粒玉米品种选育和推广提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:(1)参试玉米品种平均机收产量、籽粒含水率、破碎...以京农科728等24个我国生产大面积推广的玉米品种为研究材料,比较不同类型玉米品种的冠层结构、光合及灌浆脱水特性差异,为适宜机收籽粒玉米品种选育和推广提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:(1)参试玉米品种平均机收产量、籽粒含水率、破碎率和杂质率分别为11,658.78 kg hm^(2)、24.66%、3.90%和0.83%。其中,以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个适宜机收籽粒玉米品种平均机收产量为11,802.70 kg hm^(2),显著高于郑单958和先玉335,分别增产7.69%和4.45%;收获时籽粒含水率均低于28%(平均为24.61%);破碎率低于5%(平均为3.42%),均达到国家机收籽粒标准。(2)以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个宜粒收玉米品种穗上茎叶夹角小,株型紧凑,冠层平均透光率高,冠层光分布更合理。(3)参试品种净光合速率和叶绿素含量平均为34.10μmol CO_(2)m^(-2)s^(-1)和8.91mg m^(2),其中以京2416为父本组配的18个品种净光合速率平均为35.21μmol CO_(2)m^(-2)s^(-1),较郑单958和先玉335高19.60%和6.73%;叶绿素含量平均为9.87 mg m^(2),较郑单958和先玉335高61.54%和68.43%。(4)以京2416为父本组配的18个品种灌浆速率和生理成熟后脱水速率分别平均为0.83 g 100-grain;d^(-1)和0.55%d^(-1),均显著高于郑单958和先玉335,表现为较低的收获时籽粒含水率。(5)相关分析表明,参试玉米品种产量与净光合速率、灌浆速率呈极显著正相关;净光合速率与茎叶夹角呈极显著负相关,与透光率、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关;收获时籽粒含水率与破碎率、杂质率和生理成熟时籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关,与生理成熟后脱水速率呈极显著负相关,与灌浆速率呈显著负相关。由此可见,以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个玉米品种株型紧凑、冠层透光率高、光合能力强、籽粒灌浆和脱水速率高,可实现较低的籽粒含水率和较高的机收籽粒质量。展开更多
A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research In...A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three fungicides： Folicur （tebuconazole） at 300 mL/ha, Nativo （tebuconazole ＋ trifloxystrobin） at 300 g/ha and Tilt （propiconazole） at 500 mL/ha were applied single or two times to Morocco and Sehar-06 wheat varieties used in the trial. The trial plots were first sprayed at the Zadok＇s scale （ZS） 3 stage and second sprayed between ZS 4.3 and 5.4 stages. The greenness of the trial crop was measured using GreenSeeker. Foliar application of fungicides significantly reduced the loss of grain yield and 1,000-grain weight （TGW） of wheat due to leaf rust in comparison to the control without fungicides application. Of the three fungicides, two times spray of Nativo reduced the grain yield loss of leaf rust susceptible mega wheat variety Sehar-06 by 45%-56% and the loss of TGW by 42%, also giving the highest marginal return in the trial. Single application of Nativo was equally effective as two times spray of Folicur in reducing the loss of wheat grain yield. Two times spray of Folicur was found to be the second choice of fungicide for reducing the yield loss of wheat. The research identified suitable fungicides for reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust and also generated important scientific knowledge required to manage a sudden outbreak of leaf rust to ensure food security.展开更多
An experiment was conducted to evaluate physiological maturity of French bean genotypes at District Seed Farm ＂D＂ Block, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during winter season of both...An experiment was conducted to evaluate physiological maturity of French bean genotypes at District Seed Farm ＂D＂ Block, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during winter season of both 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. All the five genotypes were grown with sufficient population in three replications following randomized block design （RBD） for the purpose of developmental studies. Developing pods were harvested at different stages, starting from 7 days after anthesis （7 DAA） to 49 DAA with an interval of 7 d, including the field maturity stage, thus leading to study on maximum seven different stages. Harvested pods and seeds were utilized for this development programme through dry seed weight, germination and vigour index. Enhancement in dry matter accumulation in seed continued till 42 DAA for Selection 9 and Victoria in both the years; it was 49 and 42 DAA for Sonali in respective years; it was 49 DAA for Abhay in both the years; and for Deepali, it was 42 DAA along with statistically similar magnitude at 49 DAA. Significant enhancement in germination potential of developing seeds continued till 42 DAA for Selection 9 and Deepali, while it was 49 DAA for the other three genotypes. Enhancement in vigour index continued till 49 DAA for all the genotypes except for Selection 9, for which it continued till 42 DAA and then declined.展开更多
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendments(lime,nano-Si foliar solution and used diatomite) on the growth and metal uptake of three maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in a Cd and Zn...A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendments(lime,nano-Si foliar solution and used diatomite) on the growth and metal uptake of three maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in a Cd and Zn-contaminated acidic soil.The addition of lime significantly increased the maize grain yields and decreased the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grains and shoots of maize when compared with the control.Among the three maize cultivars,Yunshi-5 accumulated the lowest amounts of Cd and Zn in the grain.The concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grain of Yunshi-5 conformed to the Chinese feed standards.These data revealed that a combination of low metal-accumulating maize and chemical fixation could effectively provide a barrier to prevent metals from entering the human food chain.展开更多
文摘以京农科728等24个我国生产大面积推广的玉米品种为研究材料,比较不同类型玉米品种的冠层结构、光合及灌浆脱水特性差异,为适宜机收籽粒玉米品种选育和推广提供技术支撑。研究结果表明:(1)参试玉米品种平均机收产量、籽粒含水率、破碎率和杂质率分别为11,658.78 kg hm^(2)、24.66%、3.90%和0.83%。其中,以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个适宜机收籽粒玉米品种平均机收产量为11,802.70 kg hm^(2),显著高于郑单958和先玉335,分别增产7.69%和4.45%;收获时籽粒含水率均低于28%(平均为24.61%);破碎率低于5%(平均为3.42%),均达到国家机收籽粒标准。(2)以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个宜粒收玉米品种穗上茎叶夹角小,株型紧凑,冠层平均透光率高,冠层光分布更合理。(3)参试品种净光合速率和叶绿素含量平均为34.10μmol CO_(2)m^(-2)s^(-1)和8.91mg m^(2),其中以京2416为父本组配的18个品种净光合速率平均为35.21μmol CO_(2)m^(-2)s^(-1),较郑单958和先玉335高19.60%和6.73%;叶绿素含量平均为9.87 mg m^(2),较郑单958和先玉335高61.54%和68.43%。(4)以京2416为父本组配的18个品种灌浆速率和生理成熟后脱水速率分别平均为0.83 g 100-grain;d^(-1)和0.55%d^(-1),均显著高于郑单958和先玉335,表现为较低的收获时籽粒含水率。(5)相关分析表明,参试玉米品种产量与净光合速率、灌浆速率呈极显著正相关;净光合速率与茎叶夹角呈极显著负相关,与透光率、叶绿素含量呈极显著正相关;收获时籽粒含水率与破碎率、杂质率和生理成熟时籽粒含水率呈极显著正相关,与生理成熟后脱水速率呈极显著负相关,与灌浆速率呈显著负相关。由此可见,以京2416为父本组配的京农科728等18个玉米品种株型紧凑、冠层透光率高、光合能力强、籽粒灌浆和脱水速率高,可实现较低的籽粒含水率和较高的机收籽粒质量。
文摘A study was conducted on reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina with foliar application of fungicides during the 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 growing seasons at the Wheat Research Institute in Faisalabad, Pakistan. Three fungicides： Folicur （tebuconazole） at 300 mL/ha, Nativo （tebuconazole ＋ trifloxystrobin） at 300 g/ha and Tilt （propiconazole） at 500 mL/ha were applied single or two times to Morocco and Sehar-06 wheat varieties used in the trial. The trial plots were first sprayed at the Zadok＇s scale （ZS） 3 stage and second sprayed between ZS 4.3 and 5.4 stages. The greenness of the trial crop was measured using GreenSeeker. Foliar application of fungicides significantly reduced the loss of grain yield and 1,000-grain weight （TGW） of wheat due to leaf rust in comparison to the control without fungicides application. Of the three fungicides, two times spray of Nativo reduced the grain yield loss of leaf rust susceptible mega wheat variety Sehar-06 by 45%-56% and the loss of TGW by 42%, also giving the highest marginal return in the trial. Single application of Nativo was equally effective as two times spray of Folicur in reducing the loss of wheat grain yield. Two times spray of Folicur was found to be the second choice of fungicide for reducing the yield loss of wheat. The research identified suitable fungicides for reducing the yield loss of wheat due to leaf rust and also generated important scientific knowledge required to manage a sudden outbreak of leaf rust to ensure food security.
文摘An experiment was conducted to evaluate physiological maturity of French bean genotypes at District Seed Farm ＂D＂ Block, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal during winter season of both 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. All the five genotypes were grown with sufficient population in three replications following randomized block design （RBD） for the purpose of developmental studies. Developing pods were harvested at different stages, starting from 7 days after anthesis （7 DAA） to 49 DAA with an interval of 7 d, including the field maturity stage, thus leading to study on maximum seven different stages. Harvested pods and seeds were utilized for this development programme through dry seed weight, germination and vigour index. Enhancement in dry matter accumulation in seed continued till 42 DAA for Selection 9 and Victoria in both the years; it was 49 and 42 DAA for Sonali in respective years; it was 49 DAA for Abhay in both the years; and for Deepali, it was 42 DAA along with statistically similar magnitude at 49 DAA. Significant enhancement in germination potential of developing seeds continued till 42 DAA for Selection 9 and Deepali, while it was 49 DAA for the other three genotypes. Enhancement in vigour index continued till 49 DAA for all the genotypes except for Selection 9, for which it continued till 42 DAA and then declined.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40801115 and 41071306)the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,China (Nos.2007A032303001,2009B030802016 and 2010B031800006)
文摘A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of soil amendments(lime,nano-Si foliar solution and used diatomite) on the growth and metal uptake of three maize(Zea mays L.) cultivars grown in a Cd and Zn-contaminated acidic soil.The addition of lime significantly increased the maize grain yields and decreased the concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grains and shoots of maize when compared with the control.Among the three maize cultivars,Yunshi-5 accumulated the lowest amounts of Cd and Zn in the grain.The concentrations of Zn and Cd in the grain of Yunshi-5 conformed to the Chinese feed standards.These data revealed that a combination of low metal-accumulating maize and chemical fixation could effectively provide a barrier to prevent metals from entering the human food chain.
