电解法生产的细晶铝锭晶粒细化能力的研究

研究了电解法生产的细晶铝锭的晶粒细化能力.结果表明,随着含钛量的增加,细晶铝锭晶粒明显减小;钛质量分数为0.20%时,晶粒平均直径为122μm.细晶铝锭的细化能力好于Al-5Ti中间合金.(细晶铝锭+RE+B)联合细化晶粒,细化能力好于Al-5Ti-1B中间合金.

锆及锆合金金相及扫描电镜分析样品的制备

介绍了一种能清楚显示锆及锆合金晶粒的金相及扫描电镜分析试样的制备技术。选用氧化铝和三氧化铬作为机械抛光液,采用机械、化学联合抛光,再进行化学侵蚀,成功地显示出晶粒,在光镜和扫描电镜下对其晶粒形态,疲劳后滑移线形貌进行了观察与分析。

相场仿真二维晶粒长大过程中的尺寸分布和拓扑演变

用相场方法对二维晶粒长大过程进行仿真.结果表明,相场仿真所得准稳态晶粒尺寸分布,既可以用Weibull函数又可以用Louat函数很好地拟合,原因是在一定条件下两种分布函数的图像完全重合或非常相似.相场方法得到的晶粒拓扑分布经过演变同样达到了自相似或准稳态,但表现为对数正态分布形式.晶粒尺寸与晶粒边数间呈非线性关联.结果既与已有高纯度铝带实验结果相吻合,又与已有Monte Carlo法仿真结果一致.

Ti-1300合金在热处理过程中的晶粒长大行为研究

采用金相法研究了Ti-1300合金在不同温度和保温时间下的晶粒长大行为。结果表明，加热温度在780～900℃时，品粒随加热温度的升高，呈指数函数形式长大。当加热温度一定时，晶粒随保温时间增加呈对数函数形式增长。同时计算得到了Ti-1300合金的晶粒长大激活能Q为187．829kJ／mol，高于纯钛的β相自扩散激活能（Q=166kJ／mol）。

Mg-Al二元合金组织和性能的研究

研究了不同Al含量(1%￣9%Al)对Mg-Al二元合金组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明:当Al含量低于5%时,随着Al含量的增加,Mg-Al二元合金的晶粒显著细化,从3097μm降到151μm,进一步添加至9%Al时,晶粒缓慢降到111μm,同时α-Mg树枝晶的二次枝晶臂也得到细化。增加Al含量时,可以显著降低Mg-Al二元合金的热裂倾向,提高α-Mg基体的显微硬度。

金相图象分析中一种改进的断点连接方法

介绍了两种常用的断点连接方法:膨胀细化法和最小点对法,并在此基础上提出了一种改进的断点连接方法.这种方法是先做膨胀,利用膨胀的结果找到两个断点之间的连接点,然后再将该连接点与两个断点相连.该方法既可避免边界的变形,又能减少断点间的误连,特别是在断点距离较大时,所得结果优于上述两种方法.

Be对铸态Al-Fe-V-Si合金组织及性能的影响

元素Be的加入使铸态Al-Fe-V-Si合金中粗大针状的铝铁相得到明显改善,基体晶粒得到细化,力学性能提高。在分析试验结果的基础上,对不同Be添加量的细化变质效果做了比较,综合来看,加入1.28%Be的合金中针状铝铁相已经消失,基体晶粒细小,力学性能较好。

低钛铝基合金锭的电解法生产

进行了低钛铝基合金的工业化电解生产试验,分析了电解质中加入少量TiO_2对电解槽技术参数和电流效率的影响。结果表明,电解质中加入少量TiO_2对电解槽技术参数和电流效率几乎没有影响,合金中Ti含量稳定,吸收率高。合金晶粒尺寸随Ti含量增加得到明显细化,电解法生产低钛铝合金是可行的。

改良型9Cr-1Mo钢的形变热处理强化机制

采用形变热处理技术有效地提高改良型T91 耐热钢的高温回火抗力和室温综合力学性能。该钢经形变热处理后性能提高的主要机制是细晶强化和伴随晶粒细化而产生的马氏体组织的细化以及析出物的弥散分布。

Y^(3+)掺杂对Al_2O_3陶瓷硬度的影响

本实验主要研究了稀土Y2O3添加量、成形压力和烧结温度等对氧化铝陶瓷的影响。研究结果表明,在Y2O3掺量为0.5wt%、压力20MPa和1600℃烧成(保温2h)的条件下,Al2O3陶瓷的密度可达3.9g/cm3以上,其硬度也得到了很大程度的提高。微观结构分析表明,添加Y2O3不仅可以细化晶粒,还能抑制氧化铝晶粒的异常长大,使晶粒尺寸均匀而形成致密化结构。

Utilization of Barley Functional Foods for Preventing Chronic Diseases in China

Chronic diseases are the leading global causes of death in China and the world, especially hypertension ＇and diabetes, and the main reasons are heredity, abnormal metabolism and an unhealthy lifestyle for dietary. Barley is taditional medicine in China. There is an very important effect for functional foods for preventing chronic diseases of barley grains and barley grass powder as well as its products because of its high contents of minerals, vitamins, amino acids, antioxidant enzymes, chlorophyll and bioactive compounds such as β-glucans, phenolic compounds, GABA, alkaloid, tocopherols and tocotrienols, dietary fiber and so on. There are a lot of challenges to promote health for functional food with barley grains and its grass in China. Barley grain will produce pearled barley, grits, flakes and flour, and it adds texture, flavor, aroma, nutritional and medicinal value to product. Barley grass powder can be produced in barley green, barley grass rice noodle, barley grass ersi, barley grass noodles and barley green beer and other new functional foods. The future for barley use in food products is improving and very promising.

Effects of Spraying KCl Solution on Photosynthate and Grain Yield and Quality of Oilseed Rape(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] In order to seek the way of high quality and high yield of oilseed rape.[Method] Soil culture experiment was used in this research.1% （mass fraction） KCl solution was sprayed to the stems and leaves of oilseed rape in full blooming stage while 1.17% （mass fraction） K2SO4 solution and clear water were used for comparison,sampling in initial silique stage and harvest stage were conducted to detect photosynthate,soluble sugar and free amino acids content.[Result] The results showed that compared with spraying clear water,spraying KCl solution increased the contents of chlorophyll a in functional leaves,the contents of free amino acids and soluble sugar in leaves,stems and silique,and the total amounts of them all in initial silique stage but decreased the contents of free amino acids and soluble sugar in leaves and stems,and the total amounts of them all in harvesting stage,increased the average grain yield 10.20%,increased the average contents of oil,oleinic acid and linoleic acid in rapeseed 4.40%,10.60% and 11.40% respectively,decreased the content of protein,erucic acid and glucosinolate in rapeseed 5.10%,9.70% and 3.70% respectively.No significant difference between spraying K2SO4 solution and spraying clear water,significant difference between them all and spraying KCl solution.[Conclusion] The experimental results provided theoretical basis for increasing oilseed rape yield and quality researches.

Analysis on Grain Traits and Sedimentation Value of Wheat Genotype Heng 9966, Its Parents and Their Closely Related Varieties

[Objective] 7 indictors of wheat genotype Heng 9966, its parents and their closely related varieties were analyzed based on the 1000-grain weight, sedimentation value and traits of selected grains in DUS test, so as to provide references for the protection of variety intellectual property. [Method] Testing comparison and statistical analysis were conducted to the dormant seeds of winter wheat genotype 9966, parents of Liangxing 99 and Liangxing 96 aw well as the closely related variety of the parents, Jimai 22. [Result] Heng 9966 showed a difference of 2 codes in 1000-grain weight and sedimentation value from the above-mentioned 3 genotypes, and the variant analysis reached the extremely significant level of 0.01. And it also showed extremely significant difference at the level of 0.01 with Liangxing 66 in grain length, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain width, with Liangxing 66 in grain area, with Liangxing 66 and Jimai 22 in grain perimeter. [Conclusion] Heng 9966 had significant distinctness from its parents and their closely related variety, and grain shape can be used as a reference indicator for variety distinctness for the protection of variety intellectual property.

通过添加钛细化S45C钢铸态奥氏体显微组织

本文研究了添加钛对铸态奥氏体（γ）结构的影响，不添加钛的铸态γ结构由粗大柱状晶粒组成。添加钛可促使等轴γ-晶粒的形成，也能细化γ结构晶粒。仅当钛加入量介于0．13％-0．17％狭小范围时，方可形成全部等轴晶和非常细小γ-晶粒结构。相图热力学计算结果表明：在此组成范围内，碳氮化钛作为初晶相结晶，通过初始碳氮化钛微粒诱导在δ-枝晶凝固过程中，从柱状晶到等轴晶转变（CET）时形成非常细小的等轴γ-晶粒结构，这些微粒是等轴δ-枝晶形核场所。试验结果表明，细小碳氮化钛的存在可以阻止包晶转变后γ-相的晶粒长大，其可导致铸态γ-结构的细化。

Effect of Extrusion Process Parameters and Particle Size of Sorghum Flour on Expanded Snacks Prepared Using Different Varieties of Sorghum （Sorghum bicolour L.）

Sorghum is a staple food grain in many semi-arid and tropic areas of the world, because of its good adaptation to hard environments and its good yield of production. Among important biochemical components for sorghum processing are levels of starch and starch depolymerizing enzymes. Due to presence of high amount of starch （56%-73%）, sorghum could be the good candidate for manufacturing of expanded snacks. The effect of various extrusion process parameters on structural and functional properties of extruded snacks prepared using three selected varieties of sorghum including SPV 1411 （Parbhani moti） and SPV 1595 （Parbhani jyoti） （newly developed varieties） and M-35-1 （Maldandi） were investigated in this study. Sorghum flour of different particle size viz. 2, 0.84 and 0.49 mm, was subjected to different extrusion processing conditions： feed moisture content （16%-24%）, die temperature （110-150 ~C）, screw speed （150-270 rpm） and feed rate （50-120 g min^-1）. The feed moisture and die temperature （process variables） showed significant effect on the physical properties. This process parameter also increased dietary fibre with decrease in the content of tannins. Box-behnken design was successfully used to show a relationship between extrusion processing conditions and physical properties of extrudates. The extrudates obtained using SPV 141 l, a variety of sorghum, showed significant results in all attributes compared to SPV 1595 and M-35-1, at feed moisture 22%, die temperature 130℃ and screw speed 210 rpm with 90% overall acceptability.

Production of De-asphalted Oil and Fine Asphalt Particles by Supercritical Extraction

A continuous three-stage supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) process with a capacity of 1.0kg.h^-1 was setup to extract petroleum residue by pentane to obtain more oil for further upgrading. A discharging system integrated to the bottom of the extractor was used to recover solvent as gas while asphalt was obtained as fine particles. The influence of operating conditions on the yield and quality of extracts, i.e., deasphalted oil (DAO) and resin, was studied in the range of temperature 150-220℃, pressure of 4.0-6.0 MPa and the mass ratio of solvent to oil feed (S/O) 2.5-5.0. The particle size distribution, apparent forms and the packing density, which vary with operating pressure, were measured. The particle structures were observed by SEM as well. With the modification to conventional processes, furnace can be eliminated for solvent recovery from asphalt phase, so as to reduce energy consumption.

Research on product size and grinding dynamics of vibration mills

In order to improve vibration mills grinding effect and increase productive efficiency, prime factors of vibration mills were gained much attention. The purpose of this study is to reveal product size distribution and grinding dynamics of vibration mills by orthogonal experi-ments. The metallurgical refractory materials were used as research object. In order to explore the relationships between grinding effect and primary factors, lots of milling experiments were carried out. Based on the results, the conclusions can be summarized： as time runs, the size distri-bution shows exponential trend, and range becomes more and more narrow. Also the quantitative analysis result between grinding effect and primary factors was obtained by non-linear regres-sion： high frequency, high amplitude and low fill ratio can increase grinding speed.

High-yielding Cultivation and Fertilization Technology of Lvhan No.1 in Angola

[Objective] The aim was to research high-yielding cultivation and fertilization technology for Lvhan No.l, a new Chinese rice cultivar, in Angola. [Method] In rainy season of 2012, high-yielding cultivation and fertilization technology of Lvhan No.l, a new cultivar of earlier ripe and drought resistant rice, was researched in CATETE farm of Luanda suburb with pot experiment method. [Result] In CATETE farm, Lvhan No.1 rice were directly sown in black clay and the rice can be significantly improved in plant height, grain weight of single plant, biological yield of single plant, ear length, total grain number per ear, number of filled grain per ear and thousand seed weight, as well as economic coefficient and ratio of grain to straw, if applied with base fertilizer made up of DAP （N：P2Os=14：43）, or compound fertilizer of N, P and K （N：P2Os：K^O=15：15：15） and with Duannai fertilizer and ear-grain fertilizer made up of urea. If DAP is taken as base fertilizer, the optimal quantity is 300 kg/hm2. If compound fertilizer of N, P and K is taken as base fertilizer, the optimal quantity is 450 kg/hm2, but urea at 75 kg/hm2 should be applied as Duannai fertilizer and ear- grain fertilizer, respectively, on time. [Conclusion] The research provides technical ref- erences for planting of Chinese rice cultivars in Angola.

STUDY ON THE CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF POLLUTING FOG IN GUANGZHOU AREA IN SPRING

Samples of fog water collected in the area of Guangzhou during February, March and April of 2005 are used in this work to study the chemical composition of fog water in polluting fog there. Three typical episodes of polluting fog are analyzed in terms of ionic concentration and their possible sources. It is found that the concentration of various ions in fog water is much higher than those in rainwater. Fog not only blocks visual range but contains liquid particles that result in high degree of pollution and are very harmful to human health. SO4= is the anion with the highest concentration in fog water, followed by NO3-. For the cation, Ca++ and NH4+ are the highest in concentration. It is then known that rainwater is more acidic than fog water, indicating that ionic concentration of fog water is much higher than that of rainwater, but there are much more buffering materials in fog water, like NH4+ and Ca++. There is significant enrichment of Ca++, SO4=, and Mg++ in fog water. In the Guangzhou area, fog water from polluting fog is mainly influenced continental environment and human activity. The episodes of serious fog pollution during the time have immediate relationships with the presence of abundant water vapor and large amount of polluting aerosol particles.

LC-MS/MS Method Applied to the Detection and Quantification of Ursodeoxycholic Acid Related Substances in Raw Material and Pharmaceutical Formulation

Objective： To develop a highly sensitive LC-MS/MS （liquid chromatography-mass spectxometry/mass spectrometry） method applied to the detection and quantitation of UDCA （ursodeoxycholic acid） related substances such as CA （cholic acid）, DCA （deoxycholic acid）, CDCA （chenodeoxycholic acid） and LCA （lithocholic acid） in raw material and pharmaceutical formulation. Methods： The method was validated for specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness. A triple quadrupole mass detector was employed, equipped with an ESI （electrospray ionization） source operated in the negative ion mode. The chromatographic system consisted of a Symmetry C 18 column （150 mm × 4.6 mm, id; particle size 5 μm） and methanol-acetonitrile-ammonium acetate （pH 7.6; 10 mM） （40：40：20, v/v/v） as the mobile phase. The chromatographic conditions were 25 uL injection volume, flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and column temperature set at 35℃. Key tindings： The method requires a minimum sample amount and presents very low LOD （limits of detection） for CA （0.29 ng/mL）, DCA （0.59 ng/mL）, CDCA （0.13 ng/mL） and LCA （0.44 ng/mL） in comparison to LC methods coupled to different detectors like UV （ultraviolet）, fluorescence and refractive index. Conclusions： The developed and validated LC-MS/MS method for the determination of UDCA and related substances in raw material and in a suspension was advantageous since it required a minimum sample amount. In turn, it could be used as a stability indicating method.