用主成分分析法探究茶叶香气物质的特征与品质相关性

主成分分析法主要基于数据标准化、计算协方差矩阵、特征值分解、主成分选择四种数据计算方式,针对茶叶香气物质数据计算、特征提取进行分析,了解茶叶香气物质的数据计算方法,分析各类不同方法在茶叶香气物质特征分析中的应用特点,并从成分构成、成分含量与成分性质三个维度,对茶叶香气物质的特征与茶叶品质相关性进行探究,为未来更好借助茶叶香气物质优化提升茶叶品质提供内容参考。

稻米营养品质及其相关影响因素的研究进展

综述了稻米营养品质的概念,稻米蛋白质及氨基酸、脂肪、维生素和矿物质的营养价值评价,稻米营养品质与外观品质、蒸煮食用品质、碾米品质的相关性,品种遗传、环境生态和栽培因子、不同肥源、干燥贮藏等对稻米营养品质的影响等相关研究进展。

稻米碾米品质及相关因素影响的研究进展

综述了稻米碾米品质标准及内在指标的相关性,碾米品质与其它稻米品质指标之间的相互关系,以及影响稻米碾米品质的诸多因素。

基于电子舌技术的不同来源黄芩药材味觉信息分析及味觉信息与主要化学成分的相关性研究

目的:采用电子舌技术考察不同来源黄芩药材味觉信息和主要化学成分之间的相关性。方法:采集不同栽培区域和不同生长年限的黄芩,采用TS-5000Z电子舌系统分析不同来源黄芩味觉信息,采用高效液相色谱仪分析黄芩中主要化学成分含量,考察不同来源黄芩的味觉信息差异性,同时分析味觉信息和化学成分之间的相关性。结果:不同来源黄芩的口味主要是苦味,其次是涩味、鲜味及其相应的回味和咸味;味觉分析信息可以对不同来源黄芩进行分类;黄芩的苦味、涩味、苦回味、涩回味、酸味与黄芩苷含量呈现显著的正相关。结论:基于电子舌技术的味觉分析方法可以量化不同来源黄芩的特征,从而对黄芩药材进行分类,其聚类结果与化学成分的聚类结果并不完全一致,电子舌在反应药材的总体特征上有一定优势;同时,可通过电子舌味觉分析信息推测出黄芩药材中黄芩苷的含量。

基因型和环境对转基因抗虫杂交棉种子品质的影响

以10个转基因抗虫杂交棉品种在7个不同地点的实验材料,分析了基因型和环境及其互作对棉籽种仁率、短绒率、蛋白质含量和油分含量等7个主要种子品质性状的影响。结果表明,基因型和环境及其互作效应对于所分析的转基因抗虫杂交棉品种的种子品质性状均有极显著的影响。根据种子品质性状分析结果,每个品种都有适宜其种植的地区。不同地点种子品质性状的表现不尽相同,同一地点不同性状之间的表现也不一致。因此,基因型和环境效应分析中应注重品种的综合表现,育种改良时应考虑其品质性状在育种目标中的权重进行品质改良和综合提高。相关性分析表明,棉籽短绒率与棉仁中蛋白质含量有极显著负相关,但与种仁油分含量和棉酚含量呈极显著正相关。

浓香型烟叶分切烟片的综合质量研究

为研究浓香型烟叶分切烟片对其综合质量的影响,选取河南襄县浓香型烟叶NC89为研究对象,对其全烟片及分切烟片的常规化学成分及香味物质含量进行了测定,并分别对其进行了感官评价.结果表明:NC89烟叶的常规化学成分及香味物质分布不均匀,不同分切区位对感官质量的香气质、香气量、浓度、余味、劲头、杂气影响极显著.分切烟叶质量综合得分顺序为:叶尖1/3(285.12)>叶中1/3(274.48)>全叶片(267.47)>叶基1/3(263.43).

Correlation between Carotenoids Content and Several Quality Traits of Wheat Varieties

A total of 31 wheat varieties（lines） released in different years in Huanghuai Area were selected as materials so as to study the carotenoids content,lipoxygenase activity, and some other quality traits of wholemeal. Results showed that carotenoid content and other quality traits had highly significant differences among varieties. Carotenoids content was significantly positive correlated with watersoluble pentosan and yellowness. Carotenoids content was significantly negative correlated with peak viscosity, hold through, breakdown, final viscosity, unit weight,formation time, and was negative correlated with peak time, protein content and stability time. According to cluster analysis, carotenoid contents in 31 varieties were divided into three major groups： one group had common carotenoid content, which included 19 varieties such as Meng 0318; one group had relatively low carotenoid content, which included 10 varieties such as Luomai23; and the last group had relatively high carotenoid content, which included 2 varieties such as Huaimai22. The average carotenoid contents of the three groups were 1.93, 1.07 and 2.99 mg/kg respectively.

Correlation Analysis of Characters of Indica Hybrid Rice with High Content of Amylose

[Objective] The aim was to research and analyze characters and related correlation of indica hybrid rice containing high amylose. [Method] In the research, major characters of 16 species of groups of {ndica hybrid rice and the correlation were explored in rice belts in Sichuan in 2011. [Result] The variation of chalkiness degree was the highest at 26.8%, followed by rate of head rice at 22.89%; varia- tions of head rice rate and chalkiness degree were lower at 0.72% and 2.61%. In addition, rate of unpolished rice was of significantly negative correlation with chalki- ness degree; rate of chalky rice was of extremely positive correlation with chalkiness degree and gel consistency; chalkiness degree was of significantly positive correla- tion with gel consistency; gel consistency was of significantly negative correlation with protein content; amylose content was of insignificant correlation with gel consis- tency （r=0.166 9） of the 16 hybrid groups. These indicated that gel consistency would be still high as the content of amylose grows （AC≥25%）. For example, when the content of anylose in Chuanxiang 29A/Luhui 37, Kangfeng AJ6684, and Lefeng A/SR536 exceeded 27%, the gel consistency was over 80 mm in the research. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improvement of amylose content in breeding hybrid rice.

The Content Variations of Main Nutrients in Storage Root Expanding Stages of Sweet Potato and Their Mutual Relationships

[Objective] The content variations of the main nutrients in storage root during expanding stages and their mutual relationships in orange-fleshed sweet pota-to （Ipomoea Batatas（L.） Lam） were studied in this paper. [Method] The dynamics of main nutritional ingredients in orange-fleshed sweet potato-variety at 40, 70, 100 and 125 days after transplanting were investigated, and these traits included the 6- carotene content, Fe content, Zn content, starch content, protein content, glucose content, fructose content, and sucrose content. The relationships among these nutri- ents were analyzed during whole developing stage. [Result] B-carotene content in the whole growth period showed straightly increasing firstly, and then decreasing trend, which was unimodal fluctuation curve. The variation tendency of protein con- tent was gently decreasing firstly and then ascending. The dynamics of starch con- tent was similar to l^carotene content, while the fluctuation was stable. The chang- ing curve of carbohydrate was opposite to starch, showing decreasing firstly and then ascending. Fe content was decreasing all the whole developing stage, falling fast and then slowing down. Moreover, Zn content was plummeting. The sucrose content in fresh storage root had significantly negative correlation with β-carotene content, and had positive correlation with fructose content. Starch content had significantly negative correlation with fructose content, and had positive correlation with Zn content. [Conclusion] These research conclusions could guide the variety to har- vest at suitable time, so as to achieve the aim of micronutrition improvement.

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

Analysis of Correlation between the Slaughter Performance and Meat Quality of Frizzle Chicken

[Objective]This study aimed to evaluate the meat quality of frizzle Chick-en, and to find out the correlation between the meat quality and slaughter perfor-mance. [Method] The slaughter performance such as live chicken weight, carcass weight, semi-eviscerated weight, eviscerated weight, chest muscle weight, leg mus-cle weight, abdominal fat weight and the meat quality indices like color, pH and shear force of 12-week-old frizzle chickens were measured to analyze the correla-tion between slaughter performance and meat quality. [Result] The carcass percent-age, semi-eviscerated percentage, eviscerated percentage, chest muscle percentage, leg muscle percentage, abdominal fat percentage, intramuscular fat width and subcu-taneous fat thickness of the male chickens were 89.76%, 81.54%, 67.53%, 7.82%, 11.29%, 2.42%, 0.69 cm and 0.48 cm, of female chickens were 89.78%, 80.87%, 62.94%, 6.19%, 9.92%, 3.91%, 0.78 cm and 0.61 cm. Some of these traits exhibit-ed significant difference between the male and female chickens （P〈0.05）. In male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.93, 6.15 and 3.72 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.18, 6.54 and 3.41 kg; in fe-male chickens, the chest muscle color, pH and shear force were 5.77, 6.05 and 3.41 kg, and the leg muscle color, pH and shear force were 6.03, 6.21 and 2.74 kg. The quality of chest and leg muscles of frizzle chickens significantly differed （P〈0.05）. Carcass weight had significant positive correlations with semi-eviscerated weight and meat color （P〈0.05）, and an extremely significant positive correlation with pH （P〈0.01）. Semi-eviscerated weight and pH value shared a significant posi-tive correlation （P〈0.05）. Eviscerated weight and leg muscle weight shared an ex-tremely significant negative correlation （P〈0.01）. Abdominal fat weight correlated sig-nificantly and negatively with shear force （P〈0.05）. Meat color and pH value had a significant positive correlation （P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] This study provides theoretical basis for the breeding of excellent chicken varieties producing high-quality meat.

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小麦粉品质与半干面品质相关性研究。以9种市售面条粉为材料,采用主成分和相关性方法分析小麦粉品质与半干面品质的相关性。结果表明市售面条粉的降落数值、最终黏度、回升值、粉质吸水率、稳定时间对半干面品质的影响较大;降落数值、最终黏度和回升值与黏附性呈负相关,吸水率与弹性呈正相关,拉伸面积与生面片的△b*(0~24 h)呈极显著负相关,拉伸阻力与硬度、咀嚼性呈显著正相关。

Correlation between Leaf Size and Fruit Quality of Kiwi

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of leaf size on fruit quality of kiwi and relevant mechanism. [Method] The correlation between leaf shape and fruit quality of kiwi was studied during 2013-2015. [Result] The results of statistical analysis showed that the sing weight, longitudinal diameter, width, thickness, shape index and juice sugar content of fruit were 75.86±1.68 g, 73.284± 0.70 mm, 41.18±0.51 mm, 35.30±0.25 mm, 1.92±0.01 and （15.66±0.26）%, respec- tively; the length, width, shape index and area of leaf were 14.77±0.20 cm, 14.25± 0.16 cm, 0.94±0.09 and 152.39±3.26 cm^2, respectively; and the length and diameter of petiole were 11.03±0.25 cm and （31.50±0.79 mm）/10, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that the single fruit weight of kiwi was strongly positively related to fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit width, fruit thickness and leaf shape index, was significantly positively related to leaf length, was weakly positively related to petiole length, was positively related to leaf area, was weakly negatively related to leaf width and petiole diameter, and was negatively related to juice sugar content. The results of regression analysis showed that there was significant difference be- tween single fruit weight and juice sugar content （F=0.851 8, P〈0.01）, instead of fruit longitudinal diameter （F=0.000 6, P〉0.05）, fruit width （F=0.001 4, P〉0.05） and fruit thickness （F=0.005 4, P〉0.05）; there was significant correlation between single fruit weight and leaf area （F=0.671 5, P〈0.01）, instead of leaf length （F=0.139 3, P〉0.05）, leaf width （F=0.358 5, P〉0.05） and leaf shape index （F=0.294 0, P〉0.05）; there were significant correlations between juice sugar content and leaf length （F= 0.816 1, P〈0.01）, leaf width （F=0.970 1, P〈0.01）, leaf area （F=0.560 6, P〈0.01） and leaf shape index （F=0.885 1, P〈0.05）. [Conclusion] Fruit single weight and oth- er quality properties could be predicted from leaf size, and leaf size can be used as the main basis for judging the quality of fruit.

Effects of Different Soil Nutrient on the Soluble Solids Content of Cherry Tomato

In order to choose main factors of soil nutrient affecting cherry tomato fruit quality, the soil nutrient content and total soluble solids （TSS） content of cherry tomato in different regions of Lingshui County in Hainan Province was determined, with Millennium cherry tomato as material. The results showed that the TSS content in mature cherry tomato fruit was extremely significant positive to available potassium and exchangeable calcium content in soil, with correlation coefficients of 0.587＊＊ and 0.514＊＊, respectively. The TSS content was significant positive to zinc content, with a correlation coefficient of 0.324＊, And the TSS content showed extremely significant negative to copper content with correlation coefficient of-0.613＊＊ and significant negative to sulfur content with a correlation coefficient reaching -0.332＊. In certain range of contents, the quality of cherry tomato fruit in Lingshui County could be improved through increasing the content of available potassium, exchangeable calcium and zinc in soil, as well as control copper and sulfur content.