猪皮精烹更靓丽——介绍响皮菜肴四款

猪肉皮常常被人们视为“下脚料”而弃之，实在太可惜，然而，所谓的下脚料——猪肉皮除了可用直接烹制菜肴外，还可用来加工成干制肉皮，然后用油炸(油发)或用盐妙(盐发)制成响皮，由于在发制过程中会发出“啪啪”响声而故名响皮，发翩好的干响皮在入肴前需用热水浸泡回软，再换温碱水洗去附着的油脂+然后换清水漂净即可备用。

新味响皮菜

响皮,即干猪皮,一种物美价廉的传统食材。响皮在使用前,需入热油锅炸至泡酥后,捞出用温热水泡软,并放少许食用碱洗去响皮上的油脂,然后用清水反复清洗数次,挤干水分,继续用沸水泡发至呈海绵状时即可使用。

响皮纪要

响皮——猪皮也,是猪肉皮的干制品,因在发制时会发出“啪啪”响声而得名。响皮经发制处理后变得松泡柔软,出现海棉和蜂窝状的孔隙,所以又有蜂窝肉、海棉肉之称。另外,发制后的响皮和发制好的鱼肚从外观看上去极为相似,所以又有假鱼肚、皮肚、赛鱼肚的美名。

东莞金银丰打响皮机行业产权保护第一仗

3月28日，第八届（东莞）国际鞋机、鞋材工业技术展览会在东莞举行，在展会现场，东莞市知识产权局接到举报．到展会现场查获了东莞市某机械厂所展示的烫金机等产品．该厂产品涉嫌侵犯东莞市金银丰机械实业有限公司的专利权。有关人员在现场通过调查和技术对比认定后，根据国家专利法和展会知识产权保护的相关规定．对侵权企业作出撤展处理。

石油价格持续上涨严重影响皮化产业利润

今年以来，随着石油价格飞涨，大部分化工产品价格涨幅明显，比如甲醇、苯胺、PTA等化工业主要原料涨价明显，受能源、原材料及供需关系变化等因素的影响，皮化产业受到严重波及，再加上皮革行业普遍遭遇低谷，不少皮化企业今年感受到巨大压力，今年的皮化市场竞争激烈程度比往年更加惨烈。目前，进口皮化由于受国际因素影响较大，已经陆续提价，而国内皮化企业为巩固市场份额，暂时坚持不涨价，以求进军高档皮化市场。但是，根据目前国内通货膨胀趋势越来越强，物价高涨、各类成本纷纷提价的形势来看，国产皮化恐怕迟早要在成品价格上做出一些调整，以适应目前的市场状况。

猪皮烹饪更美味

猪肉皮常常被人们视为“下脚料”而弃之，实在太可惜，然而所谓的下脚料——猪肉皮除了可用于直接烹制菜肴外，还可用来加工成干制肉皮，然后用油炸（油发）或用盐炒（盐发）制成响皮。由于在发制过程中会发出“啪啪”响声而得名。发制好的干响皮在入肴前需用热水浸泡回软，再换温碱水洗去附着的油脂，然后换清水漂净即可备用。

油氽肉皮制作技术

油氽肉皮，又称发皮、响皮，是我国传统膨化肉制品。每到隆冬时节，色泽金黄、大如草帽、小似砧板的油氽肉皮在江南城乡农贸市场上都能见到，家家户户备年货时都要买上一些。油氽肉皮水发后可炒爆也可做汤，具有入口软嫩、有嚼劲、鲜美可口之特点。近些年随着火锅菜的兴起，油氽肉皮成为不可缺少的菜料进入酒楼宾馆，饱汲汤料的肉皮蘸上火锅调料别具风味，备受人们的青睐。

厨艺两相宜

双龙争霸；志在千里；金玉满堂；黄豆芽炒响皮；

Optimization of Microwave Extraction of Flavonoids from Water Chestnut Skin Dregs with Response Surface Method

[Objective] In order to take full advantage of processing by-product of water chestnut, the microwave extraction method of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs was optimized. The extracted flavonoids had a relatively high yield. [Method] The Box-Behnken design-based response surface method was adopted to optimize the microwave extraction of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs, a by-product of water chestnut starch. The mathematical relationships between various influencing factors and flavonoids yield were established. [Result] The optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids from water chestnut skin dregs were as follows： ethanol concentration of 55.4%, solid/liquid ratio of 1：30 g/ml, microwave power of 320 W, microwave time of 3 min and microwave time of 2 times. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the theoretical flavonoids yield was 2.376%. However, the actual flavonoids yield under the optimum extraction conditions was 2.365%. The relative error between actual values and theoretically predicted values was 0.461%. [Conclusion] The results showed the optimized extraction method is reliable, and it can provide a reference for the comprehensive and highly efficient utilization of water chestnut processing wastes.

Effects of urethane on the response properties of visual cortical neurons in young adult and old cats

Previous studies have shown that visual cortical neurons in old mammals exhibit higher spontaneous activity,higher responsiveness to visual stimuli,and lower selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions than did neurons in young adult counterparts.However,whether the responsive difference in cortical neurons between young and old animals resulted from different effects induced by anesthetics has remained unclear.To clarify this issue,we recorded the response properties of individual neurons in the primary visual cortex of old and young adult cats while systematically varying the anesthesia level of urethane,a widely used anesthetic in physiology experiments.Our results showed that cumulatively administrating 50 mg and 100 mg of urethane upon the minimal level of urethane required to anesthetize an old or young adult cat did not significantly alter the degree of neuronal response selectivity for stimulus orientations and motion directions nor significantly change the visually-driven response and spontaneous activity of neurons in old and young adult cats.Cumulatively administrating 150 mg of urethane decreased neuronal responsiveness similarly in both age groups.Therefore,urethane appears to exert similar effects on neuronal response properties of old and young adult animals.

The Effect of pH on the Permeation of Lidocaine Hydrochloride Across Excised Rat Skin

The effect of pH on the permeation of Lidocaine hydrochloride (LH) across excised rat skin was studied, the steady state flux (JSS) at different pH being determined using improved Valia-Chien diffusion cells. JSS increased substantially when pH was close to the pKa of LH. The profile of JSS versus pH showed an 慡?shaped curve. JSS of Lidocaine free base (LFB) was fourteen times that of LH. The pH of vehicle influences the permeation of LH significantly and should be considered as an important factor when a formulation is developed.

Screening influencing factors of blood stasis constitution in traditional Chinese medicine

Objective To study the influencing factors of blood stasis constitution and provide a basis for treating blood stasis-related diseases by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution identification.Methods Data were collected using the self-developed TCM constitution identification platform based on B/S model by the project team. The obtained data were divided into blood stasis constitution and normal constitution groups. The differences of the categorical type influencing factors(gender, birth mode, feeding mode within four months of birth, family history, marital status, eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise habits, emotional state, stress situation, and living environment) and the quantitative type influencing factors(sleep time, age,and mother’s age at birth) on the constitution of the two groups were analyzed. In the singlefactor analysis, the Pearson’s chi-square test was selected for the categorical variable, and the independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test were selected for the quantitative variables according to whether they conformed to the positive-terrestrial distribution;the binary logistic stepwise regression method was selected for the multi-factor analysis.Results The data of 318 cases were collected from the TCM composition identification platform, and 159 cases of blood stasis constitution were used as the experimental group and 159 cases of normal constitution were used as the control group. The Pearson’s chi-square test yielded significant differences(P < 0.05) in the effects of gender, pressure situation, family history, living environment, emotional state, exercise habits, and dietary habits on blood stasis constitution. The independent samples t test yielded differences in sleep duration between the blood stasis constitution and normal constitution populations(P < 0.05), which meant sleep duration of the blood stasis constitution population was less than that of the normal constitution population. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test results accepted the original hypothesis that there was no difference in the distribution of age and mother’s age at birth across constitution types(P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, family history, marital status, living environment, exercise habits, and emotional state were risk factors for blood stasis constitution(P < 0.05).Conclusion Gender, family history, living environment, emotional state, and exercise habits were significant influencing factors of blood stasis constitution. Blood stasis constitution populations can pay more attention to these influencing factors in their daily life for the prevention and reconciliation of blood stasis constitution.

Anthropogenic impacts on hyperbenthos in the coastal waters of Sishili Bay,Yellow Sea

A survey on the hyperbenthic communities was carried out in the coastal waters of Sishili Bay in the Yellow Sea in July 2009,to investigate the impact of putative anthropogenic activities related to the presence of a sewage outfall,a harbor and an aquaculture site on the benthic ecosystem.An Agassiz net trawl was used to collect hyperbenthos at 10 sampling stations.Species,diversity,abundance,and biomass were analyzed against water sample data and historical data obtained from records from nearby Yantai City.Fifty-two species were identified in the region,of which Crustacea were the most abundant taxon,followed by Echinodermata.Dominant species included five crustaceans,two echinoderms,one mollusk and one fish species.The results of a BIOENV analysis show that the concentrations of NO3-N and Chl-a were slightly positively correlated with hyperbenthic community structure,while other factors were negatively correlated,including sediment grain size and the percentage of TN and TOC in sediment.Abundance- Biomass Comparison(ABC method) curves indicate that the hyperbenthos in Sishili Bay had been disturbed by putative sources of human activities.Eight out of 10 stations were classified as "moderately perturbed" to "perturbed".

FEA for designing of floating raft shock-resistant system

Choosing the equipment with good shock-resistant p erformance and taking shock protection measures while designing the onboard sett ings, the safety of onboard settings can be assured when warships, especially su bmarine subjected to non-contact underwater explosion, that is, these means can be used to limit the rattlespace (i.e., the maximum displacement of the equipme nt relative to the base) and the peak acceleration experienced by the equipment. Using shock-resistant equipments is one of shock protection means. The shock- resistant performance of the shock-resistant equipments should be verified in t he design phase of the equipments. The FEA (finite element analysis) software, for example, MSC.NASTRAN ○R , can be used to verify the shock-resistant performance. MSC.PATRAN ○R and MSC.NASTRAN are used for modeling and analyzing the floating raft vibration isolating equipment. The model of the floating raft and the floating raft vibration isolating system are theoretically analyzed and calculated, and the analysis results are in agreement with the test results. The transient response analysis of the system model follows the modal analysis of the floating raft vibration isolating system. And it is used to verify the shock-resistant performance. The ana lysis and calculation method used in this paper can be used to analyze the shock -resistant performance of onboard shock-resistant equipments.

Cetuximab plus irinotecan in pretreated metastatic colorectal cancer patients:The ELSIE study

AIM:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuxim-ab plus irinotecan in irinotecan-refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) patients from South-East Asia and Australia. METHODS:In this open-label,phase Ⅱ study,the main eligibility criteria were epidermal growth factor receptor-positive mCRC with progressive disease within 3 mo of an irinotecan-based regimen as the most recent chemotherapy. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg/m2 initially,then 250 mg/m2 every week,with the same regimen of irinotecan on which the patients had progressed (4 pre-defined regim-ens allowed). The prim-ary objective was evaluation of progression-free survival (PFS) at 12 wk. Secondary objectives included a further investigation of PFS,and an assessment of the overall response rate (ORR),duration of response,time to treatment failure (TTF),overall survival and the safety profile. RESULTS:One hundred and twenty nine patients were enrolled from-25 centers in the Asia-Pacific region and of these 123 received cetuximab plus irinotecan. The most common recent irinotecan regimen used was 180 mg/m2 every 2 wk which had been used in 93 patients (75.6%). The PFS rate at 12 wk was 50% (95% confidence interval (CI,41-59) and m-edian PFS tim-e was 12.1 wk (95% CI:9.7-17.7). The ORR was 13.8% (95% CI:8.3-21.2) and disease control rate was 49.6% (95% CI:40.5-58.8). Median duration of response was 31.1 wk (95% CI:18.0-42.6) and median overall survival was 9.5 mo (95% CI,7.5-11.7). The median TTF was 11.7 wk (95% CI:9.1-17.4). Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were diarrhea (13.8%),neutropenia (8.9%),rash (5.7%) and vomiting (5.7%).CONCLUSION:In patients from Asia and Australia,this study confirm-s the activity and safety of cetuxim-ab plus irinotecan observed in previous studies in Europe and South America.

A Novel Regimen for Perioral Dermatitis by Photodynamic Therapy

Some patients with perioral dermatitis are not relieved despite many medications. These patients confront pain, psychological bother and social/occupational limitations. Being efficient for a wide variety of diseases including infectious inflammative degenerative or tumoral, photodynamic therapy holds a good chance to cure diseases of unknown origin, such as perioral dermatitis. This study presents the results of three women with chronic perioral dermatitis that persisted for years with partial response to medical regimen. They asked for photodynamic treatment to ease off their suffering. The duration of follow-up was up to five years. Following PDT （photodynamic therapy）, the patients discontinued medications, redness decreased and eruption disappeared. In these patients, a single PDT treatment provided prolonged relief of perioral dermatitis for up to three years. These data are encouraging but not sufficient. Further study is warranted.

Effect of grape proanthocyanidins on tumor growth and angiogenesis in H22 liver cancer xenograft model

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of grape proanthocyanidins(GPC) on the growth and angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cells xenograft in mice. Methods: The xenograft model was established using injected subcutaneously H22 cells into the right axilla of the mice. Each group was treated with different doses of GPC and Endostar. All these treatments were maintained for 10 days, and mice were sacrificed. The xenograft tumors in mice were measured. The proliferation activity level of H22 cells was determined by MTT assay, and the levels of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) protein were examined by immunohistochemistry. Results: When treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of GPC and Endostar, the tumor inhibition rates were 13.17%, 23.37%, 36.15% and 14.71%, respectively. The tumor weight of xenograft was significantly lighter in high GPC group than the control group(P < 0.05). The ODs in GPC groups were 0.835, 0.666 and 0.519, respectively. The absorbances in middle and high GPC groups were statistically significant, compared with control group(P < 0.01). Immunohistochemical technique showed the expression of VEGF of the GPC groups was downregulated significantly compared with the control group(P < 0.01). Conclusion: GPC can inhibit the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma H22 cell xenograft in mice. The inhibition of angiogenesis by the down-regulation of VEGF expression may play a key role in the anti-neoplastic effect of GPC.

In vitro antioxidant activity and potential inhibitory action against α-glucosidase of polysaccharides from fruit peel of tea(Camellia sinensis L.)

The conditions for extracting polysaccharides from tea （Camellia sinensis L.） fruit peel （TFPPs） were studied. Three parameters （temperature, time, and liquid/solid ratio） affecting the extraction of TFPP were optimized using response surface methodology （RSM）. Under the optimized conditions, the yield of TFPP was predicted to be 4.98%. The physicochemical properties, in vitro antioxidant activities, and inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase of frac- tionated TFPPs （TFPP-0, TFPP-20, TFPP-40, and TFPP-60） were investigated. We found that the TFPPs were all acid protein-bound heteropolysaccharides, although with different chemical compositions. They had not only re- markable scavenging activity on 2,2＇-azinobis（3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid） diammonium salt （ABTS） and reducing activity, but also excellent inhibitory potential against α-glucosidase in vitro. Our results suggest that tea fruit peel could be treated as a potential bioresource for the development of polysaccharide antioxidants.

Comparing techniques for measuring corticosterone in tadpoles

Glucocorticoids play a key role in mediating stress responses in vertebrates. Corticosterone （CORT） is the main glucocorticoid produced in amphibians, birds, and reptiles, and regulates several metabolic functions. The most common methods for quantifying CORT are competitive binding immunoassays： radioimmunoassay （RIA） and enzyme immunoassay （EIA）. RIA has been broadly used since the 1980＇s but it requires radioactivity. Commercial EIA kits permit quantifying hormone levels without radioactivity although the requirement for a larger sample volume may be a strong limitation for measurements involving larval amphibians. Here we used Xenopus laevis tadpoles to compare the performance of three commonly used procedures for determination of CORT： RIA on a chloroform extract of whole-body homogenate, EIA on plasma, and EIA on supematant of whole-body homogenate. We treated tadpoles with exogenous CORT at 0, 25, 50, and 100 nM. RIA could distinguish between 0 and 25 nM, and EIA on plasma between 0 and 50 nM, whereas whole-body homogenate EIA only detected significant differences between 0 and 100 riM. Each procedure presents advantages and disadvantages regarding sensitivity, the use of radioactivity, sample size, handling time, and economic cost. RIA is preferred when studying small-bodied animals from which blood samples cannot be obtained. When CORT level differences are intermediate and blood sampling is possible, EIA on plasma is a good non-radioactive alternative. EIA on whole-body homogenates may be useful to assess qualitative changes in CORT levels when considerable differences are expected. Finally, we discuss our findings in the context of previous studies on CORT in amphibians [Current Zoology 61 （5）： 835-845, 2015].