据报道，2015年5月10日，寨卡病毒在巴西发生传播，这是该种病毒在美洲地区首次被确认。此后，寨卡病毒开始迅速在当地传播。截至2016年4月20日，美国佛罗里达州卫生厅公共卫生实验室（Bureau of Public Health Laboratory，BPHL）对91...据报道，2015年5月10日，寨卡病毒在巴西发生传播，这是该种病毒在美洲地区首次被确认。此后，寨卡病毒开始迅速在当地传播。截至2016年4月20日，美国佛罗里达州卫生厅公共卫生实验室（Bureau of Public Health Laboratory，BPHL）对913例符合寨卡病毒州级检测标准的患者开展了标本测试，其中有9l例符合寨卡病毒病确诊病例或疑似病例（probablecase）标准，所有被检病例的发病都与旅行相关。展开更多
AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cr...AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 antral gastric biopsy,saliva,dental plaque and stool samples which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy referred to endoscopy centre of Hajar hospital of Shahrekord,Iran from March 2010 to February 2011.Initially,H.pylori strains were identified by rapid urease test(RUT) and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were applied to determine the presence of H.pylori(ureC) and for genotyping of voculating cytotoxin gene A(vacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA) genesin each specimen.Finally the data were analyzed by using statistical formulas such as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to find any significant relationship between these genes and patient's diseases.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant,RESULTS:Of 300 gastric biopsy samples,77.66% were confirmed to be H.pylori positive by PCR assay while this bacterium were detected in 10.72% of saliva,71.67% of stool samples.We were not able to find it in dental plaque specimens.The prevalence of H.pylori was 90.47% among patients with peptic ulcer disease(PUD),80% among patients with gastric cancer,and 74.13% among patients with none ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) by PCR assay.The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens.94.42% of H.pylori positive specimens were cagA positive and all samples had amplified band both for vacA s and m regions.There was significant relationship between vacA s1a/m1a and PUD diseases(P = 0.04),s2/m2 genotype and NUD diseases(P = 0.05).No statically significant relationship was found between cagA status with clinical outcomes and vacA genotypes(P = 0.65).The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens,CONCLUSION:Regard to high similarity in genotype of H.pylori isolates from saliva,stomach and stool,this study support the idea which fecal-oral is the main route of H.pylori transmission and oral cavity may serve as a reservoir for H.pylori,however,remarkable genotype diversity among stomach,saliva and stool samples showed that more than one H.pylori genotype may exist in a same patient.展开更多
文摘据报道，2015年5月10日，寨卡病毒在巴西发生传播，这是该种病毒在美洲地区首次被确认。此后，寨卡病毒开始迅速在当地传播。截至2016年4月20日，美国佛罗里达州卫生厅公共卫生实验室（Bureau of Public Health Laboratory，BPHL）对913例符合寨卡病毒州级检测标准的患者开展了标本测试，其中有9l例符合寨卡病毒病确诊病例或疑似病例（probablecase）标准，所有被检病例的发病都与旅行相关。
基金Supported by The Islamic Azad University,Shahre Kord Branch-Iran grant 89/8761
文摘AIM:To compare genotype of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori) isolated from saliva,dental plaques,gastric biopsy,and stool of each patient in order to evaluate the mode of transmission of H.pylori infection.METHODS:This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on 300 antral gastric biopsy,saliva,dental plaque and stool samples which were obtained from patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy referred to endoscopy centre of Hajar hospital of Shahrekord,Iran from March 2010 to February 2011.Initially,H.pylori strains were identified by rapid urease test(RUT) and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) were applied to determine the presence of H.pylori(ureC) and for genotyping of voculating cytotoxin gene A(vacA) and cytotoxin associated gene A(cagA) genesin each specimen.Finally the data were analyzed by using statistical formulas such as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests to find any significant relationship between these genes and patient's diseases.P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant,RESULTS:Of 300 gastric biopsy samples,77.66% were confirmed to be H.pylori positive by PCR assay while this bacterium were detected in 10.72% of saliva,71.67% of stool samples.We were not able to find it in dental plaque specimens.The prevalence of H.pylori was 90.47% among patients with peptic ulcer disease(PUD),80% among patients with gastric cancer,and 74.13% among patients with none ulcer dyspepsia(NUD) by PCR assay.The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens.94.42% of H.pylori positive specimens were cagA positive and all samples had amplified band both for vacA s and m regions.There was significant relationship between vacA s1a/m1a and PUD diseases(P = 0.04),s2/m2 genotype and NUD diseases(P = 0.05).No statically significant relationship was found between cagA status with clinical outcomes and vacA genotypes(P = 0.65).The evaluation of vacA and cagA genes showed 6 differences between gastric biopsy and saliva specimens and 11 differences between gastric and stool specimens,CONCLUSION:Regard to high similarity in genotype of H.pylori isolates from saliva,stomach and stool,this study support the idea which fecal-oral is the main route of H.pylori transmission and oral cavity may serve as a reservoir for H.pylori,however,remarkable genotype diversity among stomach,saliva and stool samples showed that more than one H.pylori genotype may exist in a same patient.
基金关于作者（Contributors） ： DJL conceived the study, acquired the data, did the statistical analysis, and is guarantor. All authors participated in the management, analysis, interpretation of data, and drafting of the manuscript. All have critically revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and seen and approved the final version. 资助（Funding） ： The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing is funded by the US National Institute on Aging and a consortium of UK government departments. KML was supported by grants from the US National Institute on Aging （K08 AGO19180 and R01 AGO27010） and a Paul Beeson Physician Faculty Scholars in Aging Research award. IAL is an academic specialty registrar in public health supported by the National Health Service South-West Region Public Health Training scheme. FN is supported by a grant from Cancer Research UK [ grant No C1345/ A5809 ] . FEM is funded by the Medical Research Council [ U. 1052. 00. 013 ]. The sponsors played no part in the study design the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data +1 种基金 the writing of the report or the decision to submit the article for publication.利益竞争（Competing interests） ： None declared. 伦理批准 （Ethical approval）： This study was approved by the Multicentre Research and Ethics Committee （MREC/01/2/91）.
