Based on the petroleum processing units of a certain domestic refinery, the authors studied the appropriate cases for processing of Tahe medium gravity crude. The influence of three crude processing cases, including t...Based on the petroleum processing units of a certain domestic refinery, the authors studied the appropriate cases for processing of Tahe medium gravity crude. The influence of three crude processing cases, including the case for processing of crude slate blended with Tahe medium gravity crude, the case for separate processing and storing of individual crude oils, and the case for flash distillation of Tahe medium gravity crude coupled with separated processing of crude oils, on the products quality, stability of production operation and the overall techno-economic parameters was investigated. The study results have shown that the case for processing crude slate blended with Tahe medium gravity crude could lead to deterioration of the FCC products distribution, dramatic reduction of light distillates, significant surge of sulfur content in FCC naphtha, and increased specific consumption of FCC catalyst, indicating that this case was obviously not suited for processing the Tahe medium gravity crude. The case for separate processing and storing of individual crude oils, however, could increase the aggregate salable products ratio, but the frequent switchover of process streams could cause difficulty and hazards to the stabilization of refining operations, which could not be an ideal processing case. The case for flash distillation of Tahe medium gravity crude coupled with separate processing of crude oils featured the simplicity of process scheme, easiness for modification of process units, easy operation and a slight increase in the aggregate salable products ratio, making itself a suitable case for processing the Tahe medium gravity crude.展开更多
Estimation of domestic and overseas value-added of manufacturing sector is an important and difficult subject for the science-based evaluation of a country＇s trade interests under global value chain. Traditional HIY ...Estimation of domestic and overseas value-added of manufacturing sector is an important and difficult subject for the science-based evaluation of a country＇s trade interests under global value chain. Traditional HIY approach overestimates the domestic value- added of export. Although Koopman＇s method made certain improvements, it cannot utilize traditional I/O matrix and direct input coefficient matrix under the condition of incomplete information. By creating GAMS model, this paper addresses the above-mentioned problems and employs an improved model for the estimation of variations in domestic and overseas value-added of Chinese exports between 2002 and 2012. Our results indicate that by neglecting the export of processing trade, HIY approach overestimates the domestic value- added ratio of Chinese exports. As more imported intermediate inputs have been used in the export of processing trade, the estimation result of this paper have corrected deviations in the forecast of overseas value-added ratio and its tendencies based on HIY method Further analysis of specific factors of domestic value-added of export led to the discovery that the domestic value-added of export of processing trade and mixed trade is highly vulnerable to the impact of international capital inflow. It can be seen that the improved method for the estimation of value-added has indeed corrected the deviations in the estimation of China＇s value-added. In conclusion, China should accelerate the development of export of non- processing trade and trade in high-end services, and balance the relationship of export between local firms and foreign-funded firms, with a view to improving trade dependence and increasing the trade status of Chinese manufaeturing firms in global value chain.展开更多
This article focuses on the hydrocracking technology for upgrading the quality of tail oil and the first commercial application of the RN-32V/RHC- 1 catalysts in the 1.0 Mt/a hydrocracker at the Yangzi Petrochemical C...This article focuses on the hydrocracking technology for upgrading the quality of tail oil and the first commercial application of the RN-32V/RHC- 1 catalysts in the 1.0 Mt/a hydrocracker at the Yangzi Petrochemical Company, which was started up successfully in September 2008. One month after start-up of the hydrocracking unit, an evaluation opera- tion has been conducted fbr assessing the catalysts performance. The technical calibration results showed that the RN- 32V/RHC-1 catalysts had high activity, and the product yield distribution was reasonable. The hydrocracker can provide abundant feedstocks for the downstream aromatic production unit and ethylene production unit.展开更多
文摘Based on the petroleum processing units of a certain domestic refinery, the authors studied the appropriate cases for processing of Tahe medium gravity crude. The influence of three crude processing cases, including the case for processing of crude slate blended with Tahe medium gravity crude, the case for separate processing and storing of individual crude oils, and the case for flash distillation of Tahe medium gravity crude coupled with separated processing of crude oils, on the products quality, stability of production operation and the overall techno-economic parameters was investigated. The study results have shown that the case for processing crude slate blended with Tahe medium gravity crude could lead to deterioration of the FCC products distribution, dramatic reduction of light distillates, significant surge of sulfur content in FCC naphtha, and increased specific consumption of FCC catalyst, indicating that this case was obviously not suited for processing the Tahe medium gravity crude. The case for separate processing and storing of individual crude oils, however, could increase the aggregate salable products ratio, but the frequent switchover of process streams could cause difficulty and hazards to the stabilization of refining operations, which could not be an ideal processing case. The case for flash distillation of Tahe medium gravity crude coupled with separate processing of crude oils featured the simplicity of process scheme, easiness for modification of process units, easy operation and a slight increase in the aggregate salable products ratio, making itself a suitable case for processing the Tahe medium gravity crude.
基金Project of the National Natural Sciences Foundation"Study on Trade,Investment and Industrial Relocation Based on Value Chain for the Belt and Road Initiative"(Approval No.71441039)
文摘Estimation of domestic and overseas value-added of manufacturing sector is an important and difficult subject for the science-based evaluation of a country＇s trade interests under global value chain. Traditional HIY approach overestimates the domestic value- added of export. Although Koopman＇s method made certain improvements, it cannot utilize traditional I/O matrix and direct input coefficient matrix under the condition of incomplete information. By creating GAMS model, this paper addresses the above-mentioned problems and employs an improved model for the estimation of variations in domestic and overseas value-added of Chinese exports between 2002 and 2012. Our results indicate that by neglecting the export of processing trade, HIY approach overestimates the domestic value- added ratio of Chinese exports. As more imported intermediate inputs have been used in the export of processing trade, the estimation result of this paper have corrected deviations in the forecast of overseas value-added ratio and its tendencies based on HIY method Further analysis of specific factors of domestic value-added of export led to the discovery that the domestic value-added of export of processing trade and mixed trade is highly vulnerable to the impact of international capital inflow. It can be seen that the improved method for the estimation of value-added has indeed corrected the deviations in the estimation of China＇s value-added. In conclusion, China should accelerate the development of export of non- processing trade and trade in high-end services, and balance the relationship of export between local firms and foreign-funded firms, with a view to improving trade dependence and increasing the trade status of Chinese manufaeturing firms in global value chain.
文摘This article focuses on the hydrocracking technology for upgrading the quality of tail oil and the first commercial application of the RN-32V/RHC- 1 catalysts in the 1.0 Mt/a hydrocracker at the Yangzi Petrochemical Company, which was started up successfully in September 2008. One month after start-up of the hydrocracking unit, an evaluation opera- tion has been conducted fbr assessing the catalysts performance. The technical calibration results showed that the RN- 32V/RHC-1 catalysts had high activity, and the product yield distribution was reasonable. The hydrocracker can provide abundant feedstocks for the downstream aromatic production unit and ethylene production unit.
