A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services an...A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services and classified forest management, we hypothesized that the ecological-forest provides ecological services, whereas commercial-forest supplies wood and timber production, and the influences of the growth of population, social-economic development target, forest management methods and the technology changes on forest resources were also taken into account. The prediction reveals that the demand of total forestland of China will be 244.8, 261.2 and 362.2 million ha by the year 2010, 2020 and 2050, respectively. The results demonstrated that China will be confronted with a shortage of forest resources, especially with lack of ecological-oriented forests, in the future. It is suggested that sustainable management of forest resources must be reinforced and more attention should be drown no enhancing the service function of forest ecosystem.展开更多
E-commerce systems for construction material procurement are becoming increasingly important in Hong Kong. These E-commerce systems are non-interoperable and create problems for the buyers who use these systems to pur...E-commerce systems for construction material procurement are becoming increasingly important in Hong Kong. These E-commerce systems are non-interoperable and create problems for the buyers who use these systems to purchase construction materials. This paper presents the mobile agent-based approach and Web services-based approach for enabling interoperation of these systems in the E-Union environment.展开更多
Privilege user is needed to manage the commercial transactions, but a super-administrator may have monopolize power and cause serious security problem. Relied on trusted computing technology, a privilege separation me...Privilege user is needed to manage the commercial transactions, but a super-administrator may have monopolize power and cause serious security problem. Relied on trusted computing technology, a privilege separation method is proposed to satisfy the security management requirement for information systems. It authorizes the system privilege to three different managers, and none of it can be interfered by others. Process algebra Communication Sequential Processes is used to model the three powers mechanism, and safety effect is analyzed and compared.展开更多
Along with the emergence and ma- turity of 100Gbit/s technologies, numbers of trial and commercial 100Gbit/s Wavelength Division Multiplexing （WDM） systems have been established worldwide. The research- oriented lab...Along with the emergence and ma- turity of 100Gbit/s technologies, numbers of trial and commercial 100Gbit/s Wavelength Division Multiplexing （WDM） systems have been established worldwide. The research- oriented lab tests of 100Gbit/s WDM systems were done by China Unicorn in 2012. The 100Gbit/s technologies of polarization multi- plex-quadrature phase shift keying with co- herent detection from multiple vendors have been studied. There are some further issues to be specified before the commercial application of 100Gbit/s WDM system is implemented in large scale in backbone network, including optical pertbnnance parameters, optical per- lbrmance monitoring of 100Gbit/s system, protection mechanism, selection of client in- terfhce and comprehensive Operation, Ad- ministration and Maintenance （OAM）.展开更多
The catalytic combustion technology for treating waste gases exiting from wastewater treatment system and oil separators in petrochemical enterprises was introduced in this article. Commercial application of this tech...The catalytic combustion technology for treating waste gases exiting from wastewater treatment system and oil separators in petrochemical enterprises was introduced in this article. Commercial application of this technology showed that the process ＂desulfurization and total hydrocarbon concentration homogenizationcatalytic combustion＂ and the associated WSH-1 combustion catalyst were suitable for treating volatile organic gases emitted from the oil separators, floatation tanks, inlet water-collecting well, waste oil tanks, etc. The commercial unit was equipped with an advanced auto-control system, featuring a simple operation and low energy consumption with good treatment effect. The purified gases could meet the national emission standard.展开更多
Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) would be linking diverse systems and applications across the enterprise to enable the enterprise IT systems to adapt to the dynamic business environment and automate any busine...Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) would be linking diverse systems and applications across the enterprise to enable the enterprise IT systems to adapt to the dynamic business environment and automate any business practices. Whereas, with traditional EAI solution, it is difficult to efficiently link the different proprietary applications and data sources, and difficult to enable the system to rapidly identify and respond to changes in the dynamic business environment. In order to solve these problems, this paper uses the Web Services technology for EAI. This paper discusses the traditional EAI technologies and the bottlenecks for applications integration, also elaborates the Web Services technology and the advantages suited for applications integration. Therefore, the model of EAI with Web Services (EAIWS) is proposed to efficiently implement the integration of diverse applications and systems within or between the enterprises. With EAIWS, this paper provides an example to show how the application system works. This paper also discusses the advantages of EAIWS.展开更多
At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business mod...At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business model, and its theoretical analysis framework has not been built up, it is the exploratory phase of the model research in the mass. This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism, action mechanism, and evolution mechanism about the business model from the perspective of structure, and designs the enterprise business model architecture and forms a system, besides, explores approaches and strategies about enterprise carrying out business model innovation, and does beneficial bedding in order to use and improve the theoretical system in the process of the enterprise management practice. The significance of this study is to provide analytical methods and tools for the business model questions in the enterprise management practice. This paper firstly defined the connotation of enterprise business model and summarized the seven characteristics of the corporate business model. On the basis of outlining the enterprise business model design theory, the structural design of the corporate business model is mainly discussed. This paper designed the structure of the business model on modular perspective, proposed four constituent units and nine elements of enterprise business model structure system. Through the design of the enterprise business model structure and analysis of the elements that constitute structure, provide the basis for the transformation of innovative enterprise business model, or both enterprise business models, avoid the lack of elements of the enterprise business model structure and lead to business failure. Finally, the paper concludes with the five core strategies for the implementation of the enterprise business model design.展开更多
Objective： The aim of the work was to compare the dosimetric results that were obtained by using two treatment planning systems （TPS） Siemens KonRad version 2.2.23, Elekta XiO version 4.4 to perform a simultaneous ...Objective： The aim of the work was to compare the dosimetric results that were obtained by using two treatment planning systems （TPS） Siemens KonRad version 2.2.23, Elekta XiO version 4.4 to perform a simultaneous integrated boost （SIB） for head and neck and central nervous system （CNS） cases in paediatric patients. Methods： The CT scan data for five paediatric patients, with head and neck and CNS tumors, were transferred into both of the TPSs. Clinical step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT） treatment plans were designed using 6 MV photon beam for delivery on a Siemens Oncor Accelerator with multileaf collimator MLC （82 leaf）. Plans were optimized to achieve the same clinical objectives using the same beam energy, number and direction of beams. The analysis was based on isodose distributions, the dose volume histogram （DVH） for planning target volume （PTV） and the relevant organs at risk （OARs） as well as volume receiving 2 Gy and 5 Gy, also total number of segments, MU/segment, and the number of MU/cGy had been investigated. Treatment delivery time and conformation number were two other parameters in this study. Results： The segmentation using KonRad was more efficient, resulting in fewer segments （reduction between 13.2% and 48.3%）, fewer M Us （reduction between 10.7% and 33%） and that reflected on treatment delivery times to be shorter by up to 8 rain or 46%. In most of the cases KonRad had the highest volume receiving in excess of 2 and 5 Gy, and XiO showed the lowest. Also KonRad achieved slightly better conformality （0.76 ± 0.054） than XiO （0.73 ± 0.05） while XiO presented a higher modulation factor value （3.3 MU/cGy） than KonRad （2.4 MU/cGy）. Conclusion： The KonRad treatment planning system was found to be superior to the XiO treatment planning system. This is true for the possible increase of radiation-induced secondary malignancies as well as for the local control.展开更多
Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a c...Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identi-fies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the eco-nomic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing's 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting ve-hicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to "clean up" coal-fired power plants.展开更多
In order to make decisions all companies need information. As a rule, all the informatics systems of a company contain a multitude of data and turn these data into information that has to be analyzed in order to make ...In order to make decisions all companies need information. As a rule, all the informatics systems of a company contain a multitude of data and turn these data into information that has to be analyzed in order to make decisions. It is a slow process. The solution of this drawback is given by Business Intelligence （BI） applications that can help companies increase income or diminish costs by offering the executive management appropriate information on the basis of which quick and efficient decisions can be taken.The main purpose of the paper is to prove the necessity that BI tools should be used by the modem manager. Managers are aware of that by putting into practice the BI solutions, opportunities of getting control over the business process and methods are improved and better, timely analysis functions of the performance parameters can be obtained.展开更多
基金the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China (2006BAD03A09)the National Science Fund of China (40841001)
文摘A new model was developed to predict forestland demand of China during the years of 2010-2050 in terms of the concept of forest ecosystem services. On the basis of the relationship between forest ecosystem services and classified forest management, we hypothesized that the ecological-forest provides ecological services, whereas commercial-forest supplies wood and timber production, and the influences of the growth of population, social-economic development target, forest management methods and the technology changes on forest resources were also taken into account. The prediction reveals that the demand of total forestland of China will be 244.8, 261.2 and 362.2 million ha by the year 2010, 2020 and 2050, respectively. The results demonstrated that China will be confronted with a shortage of forest resources, especially with lack of ecological-oriented forests, in the future. It is suggested that sustainable management of forest resources must be reinforced and more attention should be drown no enhancing the service function of forest ecosystem.
文摘E-commerce systems for construction material procurement are becoming increasingly important in Hong Kong. These E-commerce systems are non-interoperable and create problems for the buyers who use these systems to purchase construction materials. This paper presents the mobile agent-based approach and Web services-based approach for enabling interoperation of these systems in the E-Union environment.
文摘Privilege user is needed to manage the commercial transactions, but a super-administrator may have monopolize power and cause serious security problem. Relied on trusted computing technology, a privilege separation method is proposed to satisfy the security management requirement for information systems. It authorizes the system privilege to three different managers, and none of it can be interfered by others. Process algebra Communication Sequential Processes is used to model the three powers mechanism, and safety effect is analyzed and compared.
基金supported by the China Unicom under the project of the research on 100Gbit/s high bitrate transport technology
文摘Along with the emergence and ma- turity of 100Gbit/s technologies, numbers of trial and commercial 100Gbit/s Wavelength Division Multiplexing （WDM） systems have been established worldwide. The research- oriented lab tests of 100Gbit/s WDM systems were done by China Unicorn in 2012. The 100Gbit/s technologies of polarization multi- plex-quadrature phase shift keying with co- herent detection from multiple vendors have been studied. There are some further issues to be specified before the commercial application of 100Gbit/s WDM system is implemented in large scale in backbone network, including optical pertbnnance parameters, optical per- lbrmance monitoring of 100Gbit/s system, protection mechanism, selection of client in- terfhce and comprehensive Operation, Ad- ministration and Maintenance （OAM）.
文摘The catalytic combustion technology for treating waste gases exiting from wastewater treatment system and oil separators in petrochemical enterprises was introduced in this article. Commercial application of this technology showed that the process ＂desulfurization and total hydrocarbon concentration homogenizationcatalytic combustion＂ and the associated WSH-1 combustion catalyst were suitable for treating volatile organic gases emitted from the oil separators, floatation tanks, inlet water-collecting well, waste oil tanks, etc. The commercial unit was equipped with an advanced auto-control system, featuring a simple operation and low energy consumption with good treatment effect. The purified gases could meet the national emission standard.
基金ThispaperissupportedbyGrandScience&TechnologyItemofEducationMinistryofChina (No .0 3 0 76)
文摘Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) would be linking diverse systems and applications across the enterprise to enable the enterprise IT systems to adapt to the dynamic business environment and automate any business practices. Whereas, with traditional EAI solution, it is difficult to efficiently link the different proprietary applications and data sources, and difficult to enable the system to rapidly identify and respond to changes in the dynamic business environment. In order to solve these problems, this paper uses the Web Services technology for EAI. This paper discusses the traditional EAI technologies and the bottlenecks for applications integration, also elaborates the Web Services technology and the advantages suited for applications integration. Therefore, the model of EAI with Web Services (EAIWS) is proposed to efficiently implement the integration of diverse applications and systems within or between the enterprises. With EAIWS, this paper provides an example to show how the application system works. This paper also discusses the advantages of EAIWS.
文摘At present, whether internally or abroad, whether in the theory or business, there is a lack of a unified understanding about the basic concepts of structural system and theoretical category of enterprise business model, and its theoretical analysis framework has not been built up, it is the exploratory phase of the model research in the mass. This study aims to analyze the formation mechanism, action mechanism, and evolution mechanism about the business model from the perspective of structure, and designs the enterprise business model architecture and forms a system, besides, explores approaches and strategies about enterprise carrying out business model innovation, and does beneficial bedding in order to use and improve the theoretical system in the process of the enterprise management practice. The significance of this study is to provide analytical methods and tools for the business model questions in the enterprise management practice. This paper firstly defined the connotation of enterprise business model and summarized the seven characteristics of the corporate business model. On the basis of outlining the enterprise business model design theory, the structural design of the corporate business model is mainly discussed. This paper designed the structure of the business model on modular perspective, proposed four constituent units and nine elements of enterprise business model structure system. Through the design of the enterprise business model structure and analysis of the elements that constitute structure, provide the basis for the transformation of innovative enterprise business model, or both enterprise business models, avoid the lack of elements of the enterprise business model structure and lead to business failure. Finally, the paper concludes with the five core strategies for the implementation of the enterprise business model design.
文摘Objective： The aim of the work was to compare the dosimetric results that were obtained by using two treatment planning systems （TPS） Siemens KonRad version 2.2.23, Elekta XiO version 4.4 to perform a simultaneous integrated boost （SIB） for head and neck and central nervous system （CNS） cases in paediatric patients. Methods： The CT scan data for five paediatric patients, with head and neck and CNS tumors, were transferred into both of the TPSs. Clinical step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT） treatment plans were designed using 6 MV photon beam for delivery on a Siemens Oncor Accelerator with multileaf collimator MLC （82 leaf）. Plans were optimized to achieve the same clinical objectives using the same beam energy, number and direction of beams. The analysis was based on isodose distributions, the dose volume histogram （DVH） for planning target volume （PTV） and the relevant organs at risk （OARs） as well as volume receiving 2 Gy and 5 Gy, also total number of segments, MU/segment, and the number of MU/cGy had been investigated. Treatment delivery time and conformation number were two other parameters in this study. Results： The segmentation using KonRad was more efficient, resulting in fewer segments （reduction between 13.2% and 48.3%）, fewer M Us （reduction between 10.7% and 33%） and that reflected on treatment delivery times to be shorter by up to 8 rain or 46%. In most of the cases KonRad had the highest volume receiving in excess of 2 and 5 Gy, and XiO showed the lowest. Also KonRad achieved slightly better conformality （0.76 ± 0.054） than XiO （0.73 ± 0.05） while XiO presented a higher modulation factor value （3.3 MU/cGy） than KonRad （2.4 MU/cGy）. Conclusion： The KonRad treatment planning system was found to be superior to the XiO treatment planning system. This is true for the possible increase of radiation-induced secondary malignancies as well as for the local control.
基金supported by the Economyand Environment Program for Southeast Asia (EEPSEA)Beijing Science and Technology Commission (GrantNo.D09040903670905)+1 种基金Study on the Regional Air PollutionControl Strategy and PolicyShanghai Tongji Gao Tingyao Environmental Science and Technology Development Foundation
文摘Ground level ozone pollution has become a significant air pollution problem in Beijing. Because of the complex way in which ozone is formed, it is difficult for policy makers to identify optimal control options on a cost-effective basis. This paper identi-fies and assesses a range of options for addressing this problem. We apply the Ambient Least Cost Model and compare the eco-nomic costs of control options, then recommend the most effective sequence to realize pollution control at the lowest cost. The study finds that installing of Stage II gasoline vapor recovery system at Beijing's 1446 gasoline stations would be the most cost-effective option. Overall, options to reduce ozone pollution by cutting ve-hicular emissions are much more cost-effective than options to "clean up" coal-fired power plants.
文摘In order to make decisions all companies need information. As a rule, all the informatics systems of a company contain a multitude of data and turn these data into information that has to be analyzed in order to make decisions. It is a slow process. The solution of this drawback is given by Business Intelligence （BI） applications that can help companies increase income or diminish costs by offering the executive management appropriate information on the basis of which quick and efficient decisions can be taken.The main purpose of the paper is to prove the necessity that BI tools should be used by the modem manager. Managers are aware of that by putting into practice the BI solutions, opportunities of getting control over the business process and methods are improved and better, timely analysis functions of the performance parameters can be obtained.
