The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of planning failure on land use control in case of sprawl developments of large scale commercial facilities, which is often seen in many countries. The author demo...The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of planning failure on land use control in case of sprawl developments of large scale commercial facilities, which is often seen in many countries. The author demonstrates actual three cases in Japan： a huge commercial development established in the middle of rice field between the two local cities, two huge commercial accumulations established at the opposite fringes of urban area, and many large commercial developments established one by one within the small municipalities surrounding a central city. And by examining the statistical sales amount, the author describes that these huge suburban commercial developments apparently deprived the sales of the downtown. Through analyzing these cases, the author empirically stated that for the motorized local cites, the optimum location of commercial accumulation is no longer the central area of the city but about 15 min away from the center with the smooth accessible arterial road. At last, the author mentions that the ＂planning failure＂ could be occurred if the territory of planning authority and the scale of the development are inconsistent, such as the authority of small municipal government and the large scale commercial facility which impacts beyond the municipal boundary.展开更多
In recent years, China to seize the opportunity of the world＇s cruise industry eastward, the cruise market was developing rapidly. However, due to the late start of the cruise industry in China, all aspects of the cr...In recent years, China to seize the opportunity of the world＇s cruise industry eastward, the cruise market was developing rapidly. However, due to the late start of the cruise industry in China, all aspects of the cruise homeport construction lack of experience. This article will conduct a comprehensive analysis of all aspects ofHong Kong by cruise port planning concepts, infrastructure, commercial facilities, operating mode, and then summed up the characteristics of its construction operations. And on this basis, we will put forward targeted suggestions on various aspects of Shanghai Wusong cruise port operations and management, to build an international cruise homeport.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this paper is to clarify the mechanism of planning failure on land use control in case of sprawl developments of large scale commercial facilities, which is often seen in many countries. The author demonstrates actual three cases in Japan： a huge commercial development established in the middle of rice field between the two local cities, two huge commercial accumulations established at the opposite fringes of urban area, and many large commercial developments established one by one within the small municipalities surrounding a central city. And by examining the statistical sales amount, the author describes that these huge suburban commercial developments apparently deprived the sales of the downtown. Through analyzing these cases, the author empirically stated that for the motorized local cites, the optimum location of commercial accumulation is no longer the central area of the city but about 15 min away from the center with the smooth accessible arterial road. At last, the author mentions that the ＂planning failure＂ could be occurred if the territory of planning authority and the scale of the development are inconsistent, such as the authority of small municipal government and the large scale commercial facility which impacts beyond the municipal boundary.
文摘In recent years, China to seize the opportunity of the world＇s cruise industry eastward, the cruise market was developing rapidly. However, due to the late start of the cruise industry in China, all aspects of the cruise homeport construction lack of experience. This article will conduct a comprehensive analysis of all aspects ofHong Kong by cruise port planning concepts, infrastructure, commercial facilities, operating mode, and then summed up the characteristics of its construction operations. And on this basis, we will put forward targeted suggestions on various aspects of Shanghai Wusong cruise port operations and management, to build an international cruise homeport.
