Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） i...Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） in July 2000. Prior research has attempted to examine the influence of the GST on general price levels, but little research effort has been directed to investigate the impact of the GST on mortgage costs. Using proprietary data of major building societies in Australia for 36 months, this paper examines the changes of mortgage yield spreads in the pre-and post-GST periods for building societies. Results suggest that the lenders significantly increased their mortgage charges in the post-GST periods, For example, the increase is found to be, on average, 59.0 basis points which are much higher than that of banks.展开更多
This paper proposes that organizational performance improvement could be achieved through improving the relationship between suppliers and customers. Accordingly, the paper proposes that performance could be improved ...This paper proposes that organizational performance improvement could be achieved through improving the relationship between suppliers and customers. Accordingly, the paper proposes that performance could be improved by properly managing differences （gaps） that are usually found between customers＇ expectations and of suppliers perception with respect to services delivered. The paper also proposes that gaps in the relationship between customers and suppliers could be analyzed using mapping techniques. The paper points to the possibility of finding perception gaps and expectation gaps in the interrelated value attributes of goods and/or services; namely quality, cost, and time of delivery of goods or services to customers. In addition, the paper suggests that those gaps may impact on the performance from the perspectives of quality, cost, and speed of delivery of the service. It is envisaged that this research could assist management in controlling cost and avoid wastage and improve organizational performance.展开更多
文摘Australia has experienced significant rises in mortgage costs and sharp declines in housing affordability in the last few decades, particularly since it implemented a new tax system of Goods and Services Tax （GST） in July 2000. Prior research has attempted to examine the influence of the GST on general price levels, but little research effort has been directed to investigate the impact of the GST on mortgage costs. Using proprietary data of major building societies in Australia for 36 months, this paper examines the changes of mortgage yield spreads in the pre-and post-GST periods for building societies. Results suggest that the lenders significantly increased their mortgage charges in the post-GST periods, For example, the increase is found to be, on average, 59.0 basis points which are much higher than that of banks.
文摘This paper proposes that organizational performance improvement could be achieved through improving the relationship between suppliers and customers. Accordingly, the paper proposes that performance could be improved by properly managing differences （gaps） that are usually found between customers＇ expectations and of suppliers perception with respect to services delivered. The paper also proposes that gaps in the relationship between customers and suppliers could be analyzed using mapping techniques. The paper points to the possibility of finding perception gaps and expectation gaps in the interrelated value attributes of goods and/or services; namely quality, cost, and time of delivery of goods or services to customers. In addition, the paper suggests that those gaps may impact on the performance from the perspectives of quality, cost, and speed of delivery of the service. It is envisaged that this research could assist management in controlling cost and avoid wastage and improve organizational performance.
