方田袜子电商村的销售现状及改进对策

本文以浙江省大唐镇的方田村为案例进行调查,研究了大唐镇网上销售情况,并提出有价值的对策建议。通过问卷与实地调查,发现浙江省大唐镇袜业集群已逐步向电商集群转型,当地居民对线上线下结合的经营持有支持态度,但仍处于较强的竞争压力之下,成功转型还需努力。通过推进创新链与产业链有效对接、侧重点设计与网络宣传、差异化生产与差异化销售、实行"下大上小"交易、平衡线上线下经营者利益,进一步提升大唐镇袜业集群网上销售水平,促进大唐镇袜业集群转型升级。

Effects of Gender and Other Factors on Agricultural Commercialization in Peri-urban and Rural Cassava Farms of Rivers State, Nigeria

The study was designed to investigate into the level of cassava commercialization, extent of gender effects and other factors on household commercialization index （HCI） of cassava in both rural and peri-urban areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. The study used a stratified random sampling technique to select 50 cassava farmers each from Etche and Ekwerre LGAs of the state （i.e. 100 farmers in all）. A set of structured questionnaire and interview schedule was used to retrieve information from the farmers. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Chow test and truncated regression analysis model based on Maximum Likelihood derived from Censored Normal or TOBIT approach. It was found that significant difference exist in the HC1 of rural farmers （49%） and peri-urban （40%）. The drivers of HCI varied across the areas but on the whole it was noted that gender, farm size, distance to market, labour, farming experience, price of cassava and access to market information signiftcantly influenced the probability of expanding the scale of commercialization of cassava in the area. It was recommended that government and interested bodies should give priority to women in designing and implementing cassava commercialization programmes policies that will improve farmers access to land and also help build on capacities of the farmers to commercialize such as access to extension service, establishment of market information service （MIS）, development of market and transport infrastructure were recommended too.

Redefining Commercial Bus Models in Brazil

Currently, Brazilian buses are divided in three categories： city buses, intercity buses and coaches. That categorization results from the understanding that citizens only need to move around urban perimeters. However, the current bus models available do not fully meet legal demands or cater for all of society＇s demands. Rural workers and students that live in rural areas also must be conveyed in buses and minibuses. Municipal and state directives prohibit employers to convey them in improper vehicles, such as trucks. Social demands, on the other hand, can be i[llustrated by federal and state programs that provide vehicles to transport students who dwell in rural settings. Accordingly, this paper proposes a new categorization of bus models available in the Brazilian market, which should account for the unique local operating conditions rural buses face, instead of only considering the type of service they provide. Further, a purpose-built vehicle is suggested i[n order to cater for the needs of rural workers and students. Rural students represent, in average, five million rural school bus riders.

An Implication of E-business in Destination Development： A Case Study of Hainan Rural Tourism

With the rapidly development of rural tourism, tourism e-commerce provides an internet platform for it that promotes the combination of e-tourism and rural tourism. Based on the research on electronic information services, website features and mode of operation of rural tourism, a case study was employed to develop rural e-commerce in Hainan where its topical website type and function were studied. In this paper, questionnaire was using to identify existing problems in the perceptions and expectations of rural tourism tourists website features module, we recommend B2B2C model is proposed to develop rural tourism e-commerce in Hainan.

Goat Marketing Systems and Channels in Selected Markets of Lilongwe District in Malawi

A household survey was carried out in Central Malawi to evaluate the goat marketing structure and systems in the rural areas using Nsundwe and Nkhoma areas in Lilongwe District as a case study. The analysis focused on identifying marketing systems of goats in Malawi by investigating the role of goats in an average Malawian rural household and how the current goat marketing systems affects that role. Goats play important role in Malawian rural households by way of providing food, income and as a capital reserve to be used in times critical times of food scarcity. The findings indicate that there is potential for goats to generate more income for the rural farmers, which can in turn help to improve household food security. The marketing system however apparently does not favour the farmers. The farmers seem not to know goat prices beyond the rural markets and hence have inadequate negotiating power to sell at optimum prices. Middlemen bought from farmers and finally sold the goats to urban consumers and retail shops. From the analysis, middlemen seemed to control the goat marketing system. Urban butchers sold the goats at 58% more than the value of farmers while retail shops sold at 137% more than the value of farmers. The differences reflect value-adding activities done at butchers and retail shops levels as well as transportation costs and profit margins. Though farmers may not engage in value adding, the finding implies that they would fetch more money if they supplied directly to the retail shops than to the middlemen. With access to more market information, they could also increase their bargaining power information with middlemen and sell the goats at relatively higher prices than the current. This paper details the results of the study.

Access to Healthy Food Stores for Residents of Aboriginal Reserves in Rural British Columbia

The rate of food insecurity has increased tremendously over the past decade in Canada. This increase has been more pronounced in rural and remote areas especially among Aboriginal peoples. Substantial studies indicated that nearly half of the on-reserve Aboriginal households in British Columbia （BC） suffer from some degree of food insecurity. Despite the valuable research about obtaining traditional food, the issue of access to market food has been less discussed in the literature. The aim of this study was to assess the local food environment of on-reserve Aboriginal peoples by using a proximity-based approach tool in terms of access to healthy food stores such as supermarket and grocery stores. In the first stage, the addresses of all healthy food stores were geocoded into a map layer. Then the locations of Aboriginal reserves were geocoded to a separate map layer. In the second stage, using ＂Closest Facility Analysis＂ tool in ArcGIS Version 10.3, the distance based on a 15-minute driving time was measured from each reserve to the closest healthy food destination on CanMapRouteLogistics network. The results indicated that 25% of Aboriginal reserves did not have reasonable access to healthy food stores. We concluded that Aboriginal peoples in low access rural reserves with lower socioeconomic status are at potential risk of perpetuate food insecurity.

Research on the Hunan Rural Tourism Electronic Commerce Application under Background of ＂Four Modernizations and Amphitypy＂

In this paper, we conduct research on the Hunan rural tourism electronic commerce application under background of “Four Modernizations and Amphitypy”. The emergence of Internet completely changed the tourist business original environment of competition, undermined the inherent balance. The tourist business must reexamine own competitive ability and development direction under the new situation, judges this enterprise to create to compete the new superior the possibility. In the development of the tourism, people’s attitudes towards the environment from indifference to passive attention to active the protection and construction, so as to rural ecological environment for the sustainable development has laid a solid foundation. In short, we should be optimistic about the tourism e-commerce, tourism e-commerce to see China’s tourism industry bring new development opportunities. This paper proposes the new idea on the issues that will promote the further development of the related industries.

农村云商互动平台模式探析——以南京市浦口区永宁镇为例

近年来,随着互联网普及率不断提高,"电商扶贫"政策更是促使互联网深入农村腹地,推动农村消费升级及相关产业的发展,助力农村电子商务迅速崛起,越来越多的农民通过电子商务实现了脱贫致富。永宁镇作为江苏省电子商务示范村,在探索与发展中形成了独具特色的"云商互动平台"新模式,线上网络销售商城与线下实体体验店同步运作,农产品销售、生活消费、文化旅游多向互动,如此线上线下虚实结合的模式,形成"店商+电商+服务商"相结合的"云商"新概念,对于农村电子商务发展具有重要借鉴意义。