The invocation of World Wide Web (www) first triggered mass adoption of the Internet for public access to digital information exchanges across the globe. To get a big market on the Web, a special security infrastructu...The invocation of World Wide Web (www) first triggered mass adoption of the Internet for public access to digital information exchanges across the globe. To get a big market on the Web, a special security infrastructure would need to be put into place transforming the wild-and-woolly Internet into a network with end-to-end protections. XML (extensible Markup Language) is widely accepted as powerful data representation standard for electronic documents, so a security mechanism for XML documents must be provided in the first place to secure electronic commerce over Internet. In this paper the authors design and implement a secure framework that provides XML signature function, XML Element-wise Encryption function, smart card based crypto API library and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security functions to achieve confidentiality, integrity, message authentication, and/or signer authentication services for XML documents and existing non-XML documents that are exchanged by Internet for E-commerce application.展开更多
In the 21st century, with gradually accelerating process of globalization, international exchanges are increasingly frequent. We should understand that within the range of the same cultural context, people have little...In the 21st century, with gradually accelerating process of globalization, international exchanges are increasingly frequent. We should understand that within the range of the same cultural context, people have little difficulties in communicating with others; however, if we use the same way to treat the one who is under other cultural backgrounds, they tend to have misunderstanding or confliction, affecting the interaction and communication and causing undue loss. Business English translation is communication process and tools held between people speaking different languages to conduct commercial communication. Culture is a factor in translation that cannot be ignored, different nations have different historical backgrounds, manners, customs, cultural traditions, therefore, business English translation must understand the cultural differences between China and the West, and tried to make these differences disappear in the interpretation process and find the exact words in the target language, so exotic cultural can represented in the target language.展开更多
BE （Business English） has been unprecedentedly emphasized and gradually developed into an independent discipline. The paper aims to explore a holistic course design for business professionals in IBC （Intercultural ...BE （Business English） has been unprecedentedly emphasized and gradually developed into an independent discipline. The paper aims to explore a holistic course design for business professionals in IBC （Intercultural Business Communication） based on CLT （Communicative Language Teaching）. The proposed course design encompasses three-dimensional contents： comprehensive language and expertise training, intercultural communicative competence cultivation, and intercultural PBL （project-based learning）. A survey is conducted in a training program of Chinese business professionals in international institutions. Three principles are identified： （1） BE teaching is need-oriented, so the pedagogical methods should be tailored to meet the international workplace requirements; （2） The linguistic and professional knowledge acquisition is achieved through communicative function of the target language; and （3） Learners＇ participation in intercultural PBL can stimulate learners＇ interest and enhance their operational capabilities. The findings of the case study indicate that a holistic course design is： （1） Course syllabus should not be formed without taking the leamers＇ expectation and feedback into consideration; （2） Teaching strategies should be innovated to enhance learners＇ communicative confidence and competence; and （3） Teaching materials should be adapted and subjected to modification according to the authentic language used in intercultural settings. The study outcomes may also shed light on other disciplines of ESP teaching.展开更多
文摘The invocation of World Wide Web (www) first triggered mass adoption of the Internet for public access to digital information exchanges across the globe. To get a big market on the Web, a special security infrastructure would need to be put into place transforming the wild-and-woolly Internet into a network with end-to-end protections. XML (extensible Markup Language) is widely accepted as powerful data representation standard for electronic documents, so a security mechanism for XML documents must be provided in the first place to secure electronic commerce over Internet. In this paper the authors design and implement a secure framework that provides XML signature function, XML Element-wise Encryption function, smart card based crypto API library and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security functions to achieve confidentiality, integrity, message authentication, and/or signer authentication services for XML documents and existing non-XML documents that are exchanged by Internet for E-commerce application.
文摘In the 21st century, with gradually accelerating process of globalization, international exchanges are increasingly frequent. We should understand that within the range of the same cultural context, people have little difficulties in communicating with others; however, if we use the same way to treat the one who is under other cultural backgrounds, they tend to have misunderstanding or confliction, affecting the interaction and communication and causing undue loss. Business English translation is communication process and tools held between people speaking different languages to conduct commercial communication. Culture is a factor in translation that cannot be ignored, different nations have different historical backgrounds, manners, customs, cultural traditions, therefore, business English translation must understand the cultural differences between China and the West, and tried to make these differences disappear in the interpretation process and find the exact words in the target language, so exotic cultural can represented in the target language.
文摘BE （Business English） has been unprecedentedly emphasized and gradually developed into an independent discipline. The paper aims to explore a holistic course design for business professionals in IBC （Intercultural Business Communication） based on CLT （Communicative Language Teaching）. The proposed course design encompasses three-dimensional contents： comprehensive language and expertise training, intercultural communicative competence cultivation, and intercultural PBL （project-based learning）. A survey is conducted in a training program of Chinese business professionals in international institutions. Three principles are identified： （1） BE teaching is need-oriented, so the pedagogical methods should be tailored to meet the international workplace requirements; （2） The linguistic and professional knowledge acquisition is achieved through communicative function of the target language; and （3） Learners＇ participation in intercultural PBL can stimulate learners＇ interest and enhance their operational capabilities. The findings of the case study indicate that a holistic course design is： （1） Course syllabus should not be formed without taking the leamers＇ expectation and feedback into consideration; （2） Teaching strategies should be innovated to enhance learners＇ communicative confidence and competence; and （3） Teaching materials should be adapted and subjected to modification according to the authentic language used in intercultural settings. The study outcomes may also shed light on other disciplines of ESP teaching.
