談談清華簡《程寤》的“望承”

《程寤》是《逸周書》久佚之篇,只有少數文句見引於《藝文類聚》、《太平御覽》、《册府元龜》等類書以及《潛夫論》、《博物志》等古書。[1]所幸在清華大學近年入藏的戰國竹簡中,發現了《程寤》全文。此篇開頭記周文王正妃太姒做了一個夢,驚醒後告訴文王:王弗敢占,詔(召)太子發,俾靈名總蔽,祝■蔽王,巫率蔽太姒,宗丁蔽太子發。幣告宗祊社稷,祈于六末山川,攻于商神,■(望),承(烝),占于明堂。王及太子發並拜吉夢,受商命于皇上帝。

Tenure of Urban Land： Structure, Form and Transformation in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil

The purpose of this study is to explore the urban morphological aspects of cities governed by the juridical regime of emphyteusis, a recurrent situation in the northeastern part of the state of Silo Paulo, Brazil, with special attention to the city of Ribeirao Preto. The concession of lands to the Catholic Church was a recurring practice in Brazil during the colonial and imperial periods, when the cities were being established. As these lands were intended for the formation of patrimonial goods to show the devotion of the residents to a Catholic saint, the lands were not allowed to be commercialized. The tenure reveals a relation in which there is an owner--the landlord--who has direct control of the urban land. This owner allows another--the leaseholder--the useful domain of the land, thus giving the latter the right to use the land, the obligation to pay an annual tax and the responsibility to give the owner a percentage of the sales generated from the land. In 1845, farmers donated a tract of land to be used to glorify Silo Sebastiao. This land is now the city of Ribeirao Preto, and it is this conjuncture that defined the structure and the transformation of the original urban form of the current city.

From The Lodger （1913） to From Hell （2001）： Uncanny Portraits of Jack the Ripper？

During the last months of 1888 the populous quarter of Whitechapel, London, was stained with the blood of five women, all booked prostitutes and chronic alcoholics, worthy representatives of the diseases/vices of the Victorian East End. The shrewd and sanguinary Monster who realized these violent murders called himself ＂Jack the Ripper＂, signing with his ＂trade name＂ the letters he sent to the Central News Agency and through the press he soon became a myth, the most famous ＂serial killer＂ of all time. As a matter of fact, his legend survived, and his evil figure still haunts the pages of books and---of course--the frames of many films; among the most famous From Hell （2001） by Albert and Allen Hughes, taken from the graphic novel of the same name by Moore and Campbell; Jack the Ripper （1976） by Jess Franco, with a disturbing Klaus Kinski, but also the TV movie directed by David Wickes in 1998 entitled Jack The Ripper; more obliquely, Jack appears also in The Lodger （1913） and Frenzy （1972） by Alfred Hitchcock. But can these movies be defined as true biopics of Jack？ Strangely enough, it seems, these biographies contribute to build the mythic ＂anonymity＂ of the Ripper, encouraging （and fascinating） fear and nightmares.

Simultaneous integrated boost IMRT in pediatric:evaluation for two commercial treatment planning systems

Objective： The aim of the work was to compare the dosimetric results that were obtained by using two treatment planning systems （TPS） Siemens KonRad version 2.2.23, Elekta XiO version 4.4 to perform a simultaneous integrated boost （SIB） for head and neck and central nervous system （CNS） cases in paediatric patients. Methods： The CT scan data for five paediatric patients, with head and neck and CNS tumors, were transferred into both of the TPSs. Clinical step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy （IMRT） treatment plans were designed using 6 MV photon beam for delivery on a Siemens Oncor Accelerator with multileaf collimator MLC （82 leaf）. Plans were optimized to achieve the same clinical objectives using the same beam energy, number and direction of beams. The analysis was based on isodose distributions, the dose volume histogram （DVH） for planning target volume （PTV） and the relevant organs at risk （OARs） as well as volume receiving 2 Gy and 5 Gy, also total number of segments, MU/segment, and the number of MU/cGy had been investigated. Treatment delivery time and conformation number were two other parameters in this study. Results： The segmentation using KonRad was more efficient, resulting in fewer segments （reduction between 13.2% and 48.3%）, fewer M Us （reduction between 10.7% and 33%） and that reflected on treatment delivery times to be shorter by up to 8 rain or 46%. In most of the cases KonRad had the highest volume receiving in excess of 2 and 5 Gy, and XiO showed the lowest. Also KonRad achieved slightly better conformality （0.76 ± 0.054） than XiO （0.73 ± 0.05） while XiO presented a higher modulation factor value （3.3 MU/cGy） than KonRad （2.4 MU/cGy）. Conclusion： The KonRad treatment planning system was found to be superior to the XiO treatment planning system. This is true for the possible increase of radiation-induced secondary malignancies as well as for the local control.

Agent Modeling of User Preferences Based on Fuzzy Classified ANNs in Automated Negotiation

In agent-based automated negotiation research area,a key problem is how to make software agent more adaptable to represent user preferences or suggestions,so that agent can take further proposals that reflect user requirements to implement ecommerce activities like automated transactions.The difficulty lies in the uncertainty of user preferences that include uncertain description and contents,non-linear and dynamic variability.In this paper,fuzzy language was used to describe the uncertainty and combine with multiple classified artificial neural networks(ANNs) for self-adaptive learning of user preferences.The refinement learning results of various negotiation contracts' satisfaction degrees in the extent of fuzzy classification can be achieved.Compared to unclassified computation,the experimental results illustrate that the learning ability and effectiveness of agents have been improved.

Dynamic pricing by hopfield neural network

The increase in the number of shopbots users in e-commerce has triggered flexibility of sellers in their pricing strategies. Sellers see the importance of automated price setting which provides efficient services to a large number of buyers who are using shopbots. This paper studies the characteristic of decreasing energy with time in a continuous model of a Hopfield neural network that is the decreasing of errors in the network with respect to time. The characteristic shows that it is possible to use Hopfield neural network to get the main factor of dynamic pricing; the least variable cost, from production function principles. The least variable cost is obtained by reducing or increasing the input combination factors, and then making the comparison of the network output with the desired output, where the difference between the network output and desired output will be decreasing in the same manner as in the Hopfield neural network energy. Hopfield neural network will simplify the rapid change of prices in e-commerce during transaction that depends on the demand quantity for demand sensitive model of pricing.

Women＇s Leadership in Business

Contemporary organizations need leaders. Not only the ones, who will manage, but managers, who will be able to lead, create a vision, co-operate with people, eliminate barriers, and find new solutions. Success in the organization management no more depends on the person, who manages （man or woman）, but on how he or she directs it and how he or she achieves the goals. The world is opening to the leadership of women, although this process is still not fast enough. For many organizations, women in the role of leaders have become a big chance, but also a challenge. Breaking stereotypes about the women leaders for many organizations is still not easy. We have to remember that the leader is not about sex, but state of mind and qualities which enable achievement of the objectives inaccessible to others. The key question, therefore, is not about whom the leader is but what kind of personalities is, skills or qualifications are the most important if we look for leaders. This paper focuses on indicating how the leadership of women influences an organization.

SZ-Derivations,PZ-Derivations and S-Derivations of a Matrix Algebra over Commutative Rings

Let R be a commutative ring with identity, Nn(R) the matrix algebra consisting of all n × n strictly upper triangular matrices over R with the usual product operation. An R-linear map φ : Nn(R) → Nn(R) is said to be an SZ-derivation of Nn(R) if x2 = 0 implies that φ(x)x+xφ(x) = 0. It is said to be an S-derivation of Nn(R) if φ(x2) = φ(x)x+xφ(x) for any x ∈ Nn(R). It is said to be a PZ-derivation of Nn(R) if xy = 0 implies that φ(x)y+xφ(y) = 0. In this paper, by constructing several types of standard SZ-derivations of Nn(R), we first characterize all SZ-derivations of Nn(R). Then, as its application, we determine all S-derivations and PZ- derivations of Nn(R), respectively.