清代早期确立南路边茶商营贸易的原因探析

康熙年间,清政府确立南路边茶商营贸易,在打箭炉设置榷关进行管理。不仅与入藏官道重心由青藏道向川藏道转变、趱湖茶入西北易马、康熙治国理政的重商思想以及西北官营茶马贸易的恢复已初显成效相关联,还与清朝边疆商业布局有密切关系,已经超出了简单的经济和集市范畴,并具有重要的政治、军事意义和深厚的社会文化内涵。

试论民国时期萧绍公路商营时期经济效益分析

萧绍公路作为浙江省第一条省建公路，也是经济效益最好的一条公路。1932年，萧绍公司正式成立。萧绍、绍曹蒿公司经理金汤侯先后经营萧绍、绍曹蒿、蒿新、新天临、苏嘉湖五条公路运输。他办事有方，业务蒸蒸日上，利润不断增加，使得萧绍公司成为全省商办公司的佼佼者。

从官营到商营:专卖视野下的明代茶叶边销市场化趋势

明代是中国历史上茶叶边销的重要转折点。两宋时期,边销茶由国家垄断专卖。明初,沿袭两宋茶法,对边销茶进行直接专卖。随着明初经济的恢复和商品经济的发展,国家垄断下的茶马互市出现严重危机,政府开始吸收民间资本,允许商人参与茶马互市活动,茶叶边销开始由直接专卖转向间接专卖。明代中后期,在商品经济发展浪潮的冲击下,茶叶边销由间接专卖转向茶商专卖,市场化趋势日渐明显。到清代,茶叶边销的市场化程度进一步提高。在茶叶贸易的带动下,内地与边疆地区的经济交往、交流、交融进一步深化,由此开启了内地与边疆地区经济一体化进程。

数字经济背景下城市战略结构关系研究--以中山市为例

2020年,广东省中山市委将“湾区枢纽、精品中山”确定为中山城市发展的新目标。在数字经济已成为我国推进高质量发展新引擎的背景之下,本文以“数字经济+城市规划”作为切入点,以国土空间、重大平台、城市功能和商营环境为要素构建结构方程模型,研究推动如何中山城市规划高质量发展并为打造“湾区枢纽、精品中山”提供理论依据。

Research on telecommunication resale service supply chain coordination with revenue-sharing contract

The competition and cooperation between traditional telecom operators and resale operators in the supply chain are discussed, when the telecom industry developed telecommunication resale service. Supply chain contract is an effective way to coordinate the supply chain. This paper analyzes the revenue-sharing contract between telecom operators and resale operators. The study shows that by setting up a rational revenue-sharing ratio and wholesale price, a revenue-sharing contract can coordinate this supply chain, and telecom operators and resale operators can achieve a 'win-win' solution.

A survey of the Internet application in the AEC industry

The Internet is becoming increasingly more valuable in the field ofarchitectural design so that what we conventionally called CAD might soon be changed to Internetaided design (iAD). In order to have a clear vision of what IAD will be or could be, we should firstexamine what is currently available. This research focuses on an investigation of selected Webvendors, which are typical and most influential in providing Internet related services for the AECindustry. By comparing and analyzing their functionality, services provided, business models,technology and financial situation, we have seen that Internet application in the AEC industry isstill in early stage, especially in the area of on-line engineering consulting for architects.

Mining and Modelling the Dynamic Patterns of Service Providers in Cellular Data Network Based on Big Data Analysis

Understanding the dynamic traffic and usage characteristics of data services in cellular networks is important for optimising network resources and improving user experience.Recent studies have illustrated traffic characteristics from specific perspectives,such as user behaviour,device type,and applications.In this paper,we present the results of our study from a different perspective,namely service providers,to reveal the traffic characteristics of cellular data networks.Our study is based on traffic data collected over a five-day period from a leading mobile operator's core network in China.We propose a Zipf-like model to characterise the distributions of the traffic volume,subscribers,and requests among service providers.Nine distinct diurnal traffic patterns of service providers are identified by formulating and solving a time series clustering problem.Our work differs from previous related works in that we perform measurements on a large quantity of data covering 2.2 billion traffic records,and we first explore the traffic patterns of thousands of service providers.Results of our study present mobile Internet participants with a better understanding of the traffic and usage characteristics of service providers,which play a critical role in the mobile Internet era.

Do you have what it takes for challenging endoscopic submucosal dissection cases?

Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is a widely accepted treatment for early gastric cancer(EGC),especially in Korea and Japan.The criteria for the therapeutic use of ESD for EGC have been expanded recently.However,attention should be drawn to the technical feasibility of the ESD treatment which depends on a lesion's location,size or fibrosis level,or operator's experience.In the case of a lesion with a high level of difficulty,a more experienced operator is required.Thus,the treatment for a lesion with a high level of difficulty should be performed according to the degree of the operator's experience.In this paper,the authors describe the ESD procedure for lesions with a high level of difficulty.

Spectra of Off-diagonal Infinite-Dimensional Hamiltonian Operators and Their Applications to Plane Elasticity Problems

In the present paper, the spectrums of off-diagonal infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian operators are studied. At first, we prove that the spectrum, the continuous-spectrum, and the union of the point-spectrum and residual- spectrum of the operators are symmetric with respect to real axis and imaginary axis. Then for the purpose of reducing the dimension of the studied problems, the spectrums of the operators are expressed by the spectrums of the product of two self-adjoint operators in state spac,3. At last, the above-mentioned results are applied to plane elasticity problems, which shows the practicability of the results.

The Influence of E-Commerce on Marketing Practitioners and Consumers

The paper sets out to examine the influence of e-commerce on marketing practitioners and consumers. This researcher found out that e-commerce brings about a new experience for both consumers and marketing practitioners as both groups try to achieve their different goals that end in an online relationship between the duo. This posses a lot of challenges for marketers who have to adapt and modify their offline marketing strategies to suite and meet the demands of e-commerce bringing about the whole concept and execution of e-marketing. The issue of the benefits as well as trust for online transactions based on the fear of insecurity from the consumers＇ perspective was also discussed. In all, the authors concluded that it＇s important for organizations engaging in e-commerce to come up with proper strategies to address these issues and build consumer trust in e-commerce; aiding it to further adapt to the ever changing needs of the business world.

On Energy Efficient Design for Dynamic CoMP Transmission in K-Tier Heterogeneous Cellular Networks

Motivated by the objective of pursuing revenue, improvement in coverage and reduction in energy cost for wireless communication networks have been of great significance for mobile operators. Therefore, heterogeneous cellular networks(HCNs) and Coordinated Multipoint(Co MP) transmission are considered as promising solutions to enhance the performances of wireless communication systems. This paper analyzed the K-tier HCNs with a dynamic downlink Co MP scheme, in which the flexible clusters of cooperative stations are determined by a connecting threshold θ. Using stochastic geometry, the coverage probability(CP) and energy efficiency(EE) of a K-tier HCN operating under this scheme are derived, based on which the trade-off between CP and EE is discovered and discussed. Simulation results show the validity of our derivations. The proposed schememay significantly reduce energy consumption sacrificing a small amount of CP, and outperforms the fixed scheme as well. The CP-EE trade-off are also revealed, whichsuggests suitable trade-off points between CP and EE that will deliver the maximum economic profitability. Tendencies discovered in this paper may provide the operators with opportunities for further optimization in pursuit of economic profitability.

Influencing Factors of Chinese Telecom Operators＇ EVA

To analyze the positive influencing factors of Chinese telecom operators' EVA(Economic Value Added),this paper selects fifteen indicators based on the enterprise features of telecom operators and telecommunications industry characteristics,and then classifies these indicators into the following factors:operation scale,profitability,solvency and asset management ability by factor analysis.This paper also gives the priorities of these four factors by regression analysis,of which the operation scale is the most important factor.The research results point out a clear method for the telecom operatorsto increase their EVA in order to meet the performance appraisal from State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission of the State Council.

Loewner Chains Associated with the Generalized Roper-Suffridge Extension Operator on the Unit Ball in Hilbert Spaces

In this paper, we prove that the generalized Roper-Suffridge extension operator can be embeded in Loewner chains on the unit ball in Hibert spaces, and obtain the fact that the operator keeps the properties of almost spirallike mapping of typeβ and order α, almost starlikeness of order α, spirallikeness of type ofβ and starlikeness.

The Generalized Roper-Suffridge Extension Operator on the Reinhardt Domain

Let pj ∈ N and pj ≥-1, j = 2,...,n be a fixed positive integer. In this paper a generalized Roper-Suffridge extension operator F（z） ={f（Z1）＋f＇（z1）} on Reinhardt domain is defined. Some different conditions for Pj areestablished under which the operator preserves an almost spirallike mapping of type fl and order a and spirallike mapping of type β and order α, respectively. In particular, our results reduce to many well-known results.

Parallelized Jaccard-Based Learning Method and MapReduce Implementation for Mobile Devices Recognition from Massive Network Data

The ability of accurate and scalable mobile device recognition is critically important for mobile network operators and ISPs to understand their customers' behaviours and enhance their user experience.In this paper,we propose a novel method for mobile device model recognition by using statistical information derived from large amounts of mobile network traffic data.Specifically,we create a Jaccardbased coefficient measure method to identify a proper keyword representing each mobile device model from massive unstructured textual HTTP access logs.To handle the large amount of traffic data generated from large mobile networks,this method is designed as a set of parallel algorithms,and is implemented through the MapReduce framework which is a distributed parallel programming model with proven low-cost and high-efficiency features.Evaluations using real data sets show that our method can accurately recognise mobile client models while meeting the scalability and producer-independency requirements of large mobile network operators.Results show that a 91.5% accuracy rate is achieved for recognising mobile client models from 2 billion records,which is dramatically higher than existing solutions.

New Route to Deducing Integration Formulas by Virtue of the IWOP Techniqu~

We point out a new route to deducing integration formulas, i.e., using the technique of integration within an ordered product （IWOP） of operators we derive some new integration formulas, which seems concise. As a by-product, some new operator identities also appear.

State of the art for dry tree semi technologies

Dry tree semi is a fast developing technology and becomes more and more appealing to the operators as a solution for producing deepwater reserves. Utilizing a dry tree semi means spending less cost on well mainte-nance and interventions,while the production platform can be integrated and commissioned at quayside. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of various technologies for dry tree semi,such as E-semi,T-semi,paired-column semi and long stroke tensioners. Each dry tree semi concept is briefed in terms of global performance,top tension riser (TTR) tensioner system,quayside integration and feasibility to environment.

Research on Value Assessment-Based Accurate Identification of Government and Corporate Customers of Telecom Operators

Aiming at discovering target customers,this article establishes the value assessment system for government& corporate customers according to the level,stability and accessibility of customer value.With 137 customers as samples,it builds the government & corporate customer value assessment system through analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and identifies target government &corpora te customers by indicator optimization,model fitting and cluster analysis.All these achievements help accurate identification of high-value government and corporate customers and optimization of resource allocation for customer service.

Modeling and simulation of CMS04 maglev train with active controller

The application of new-designed levitation controller requires extensive validation prior to enter into commercial service. However, huge mounts of approximations and assumptions lead the theoretical analysis away from the engineering practice. The experimental methods are time-consuming and financial expensive, even unrealizable due to the lack of suitable sensors. Numerical simulations can bridge the gap between the theoretical analysis and experimental techniques. A complete overall dynamic model of maglev levitation system is derived in this work, which includes the simple-supported bridges, the calculation of electromagnetic force with more details, the stress of levitation modules and the cabin. Based on the aforementioned model, it shows that the inherent nonlinearity, inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, and self-excited vibration are the main issues that should be considered during the design process of controller. Then, the backstepping controller based on the mathematical model of the module with reasonable simplifications is proposed, and the stability proofs are listed. To show the advantage of controller, two numerical simulation experiments are carried out. Finally, the results illustrating closed-loop performance are provided.

A Comparative Study of Performance Between Operators With Work Discontinuity and Without Work Discontinuity

In situations where discontinuity in operation occurs, specifically in a country where coontractualization has an increasing trend, the performance level of operators after the work break is of great interest. Existing studies have found that the performance of an operator declines after her operation is completely stopped. However, when the operator performed other tasks （may it be similar or not from her previous task） during the work break, the performance after the work break seems to be affected at different level. Contractual and regular operators from a semiconductor and textile company were considered to replicate a discontinuous and continuous operation. The processing times of contractual workers before and after several months of work break were compared. Two types of work break were seen to have significant effect on an operator＇s performance after the work break, Type 1： 0% to 40% similarity from previous task and Type 2： 40% to 97% similarity from previous task. One can find that when 21% of tasks performed during the work break are similar to the operator＇s previous task, there would be no change in her performance upon returning. On the other hand, a 5% decline in performance was observed after work break type 1 and an 8.54% improvement after work break type 2. Also, a remission rate of 18% from end of stint 1 to start of stint 2 under work break type 1 was seen, while 8% for work break type 2. This may also be true to other industries. Thus, further study is suggested.