AIM: To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder (MGBs). METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologic...AIM: To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder (MGBs). METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologically from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS: Among 417 gallbladder (GB) malignancies, 20 (4.8%) were MGBs. The primary malignancies originated from the stomach (n = 8), colorectum (n = 3), liver (n = 2), kidney (n = 2), skin (n = 2), extrahepatic bile duct (n = 1), uterine cervix (n = 1), and appendix (n = 1). Twelve patients were diagnosed metachronously, presenting with cholecystitis (n = 4), abdominal pain (n = 2), jaundice (n = 1), weight loss (n = 1), and serum CA 19-9 elevation (n = 1); five patients were asymptomatic. The median survival after the diagnosis of MGB was 8.7 mo. On Cox regression analysis, R0 resection was the only factor associated with a prolonged survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.01, P = 0.002]; presentation with cholecystitis was associated with poor survival (HR: 463.27, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: MGBs accounted for 4.8% of all pathologically diagnosed GB malignancies. The most common origin was the stomach. The median survival of MGI3 was 8.7 mo.展开更多
Hepatic hemangiomas need to be treated surgically in cases where they are accompanied with symptoms, have a risk of rupture, or are hardly distinguishable from malignancy. The present authors conducted embolization of...Hepatic hemangiomas need to be treated surgically in cases where they are accompanied with symptoms, have a risk of rupture, or are hardly distinguishable from malignancy. The present authors conducted embolization of the right hepatic artery one day before an operation for a huge hemangioma accompanied with symptoms and confirmed a decrease in its size. The authors performed a right trisegmentectomy through a J-shape incision, using a thoracoabdominal approach, and safely removed a giant hemangioma of 32.0 cm × 26.5 cm × 8.0 cm in size and 2300 g in weight. Even for inexperienced surgeons, a J-shape incision with a thoracoabdominal approach is considered a safe and useful method when right-side hepatectomy is required for a large mass in the right liver.展开更多
Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of cancer has a long history, and is an important part of cancer prevention and control in China. Fuzheng, also called reinforcing healthy qi and supplementing the root, is ...Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of cancer has a long history, and is an important part of cancer prevention and control in China. Fuzheng, also called reinforcing healthy qi and supplementing the root, is the most fundamental principle of TCM in cancer prevention and control. In recent decades, this treatment has been thoroughly studied and widely applied, and played a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. With regard to the treatment of malignant tumors, Chinese medicine is mainly used in the following areas: improving symptoms, enhancing the quality of life, reducing postoperative recurrence and metastasis, increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, and to some extent prolonging the survival of advanced tumors.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the 152 cases of paragangliomas resected over the past 32 years in West China Hospital dinicopathologically.METHODS: All cases of paragangliomas diagnosed at the Department of Gastrointestinal Su...AIM: To investigate the 152 cases of paragangliomas resected over the past 32 years in West China Hospital dinicopathologically.METHODS: All cases of paragangliomas diagnosed at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, China were reviewed. The pathological documents were supplied by the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, and other necessary data were extracted from the hospital records. The statistical analyses were performed by survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), descriptive statistical analyses and Х^2 analysis.RESULTS: The neuroendocrine marker vimentin was found to be selectively expressed in the benign tumors, and there were significant differences in the expression of those markers in both benign and malignant tumors. The survival analysis revealed that survival correlated significantly with the malignancy, metastasis and nodal status.CONCLUSION: Vimentin may be useful in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors. The difference in the expression of this marker in the tumors could be a clue to the future clinical diagnosis. The malignancy, metastasis and the nodal status may predict the prognosis of this disease.展开更多
The 9th International Congress on Peritoneal Surface Malignancies, sponsored by the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) and organized by the Netherlands Cancer Institute, was held in Amsterdam, t...The 9th International Congress on Peritoneal Surface Malignancies, sponsored by the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) and organized by the Netherlands Cancer Institute, was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from October 9 to 11, 2014, with over 650 delegates from 66 countries attending the meeting. With the central theme to summarize the global progresses in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) diagnosis and treatment, to draft the outline framework of international guidelines on PC treatment, and to formulate the future international collaborative research programs, this congress has set the new historical milestones in the global joint-effort to conquer PC. Major highlights of this congress are reported here.展开更多
Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world, and can be divided into five main histological subtypes: high grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and ...Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world, and can be divided into five main histological subtypes: high grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and low grade serous. These subtypes represent distinct disease entities, both clinically and at the molecular level. Molecular analysis has revealed significant genetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer, particularly within the high grade serous subtype. As such, this subtype has been the focus of much research effort to date, revealing molecular subgroups at both the genomic and transcriptomic level that have clinical implications.However, stratification of ovarian cancer patients based on the underlying biology of their disease remains in its infancy. Here, we summarize the molecular changes that characterize the five main ovarian cancer subtypes, highlight potential opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention and outline priorities for future research.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard tr...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.展开更多
The driving force for China's industrial growth has shifted from the synergy of efficiency and factor input to the dominance of capital input alone.With the boundary of 2003,the contribution of capital to the grow...The driving force for China's industrial growth has shifted from the synergy of efficiency and factor input to the dominance of capital input alone.With the boundary of 2003,the contribution of capital to the growth of China's industrial economy increased from the annual average of 34.07%to 89.28%while the contribution of TFP dived from the annual average of 47.34%to-4.08%.Meanwhile,TFP growth rates dropped from the annual average of 4.6%to-0.05%and marginal capital output ratio went down from0.61 in 2002 to 0.28 in 2012.This indicates that the investment-driven pattern of China's industrial growth has been confronted with severe inefficiency.Further research suggests that the tendency of worsening industrial growth efficiency already became significant prior to the global financial crisis of 2008 and the eruption of the global financial crisis is not the fundamental reason for the worsening of efficiency and only exacerbated its tendency.The current government-led and investment-driven pattern of industrial growth is the root cause of such efficiency deterioration.Therefore,in order to achieve the transition towards innovation- and efficiency-driven growth pattern,the key is to make an appropriate distinction in the relationship between market and government,i.e.,the government must create a perfect institutional system where the market plays a decisive role and take proactive initiative to promote technology innovation and transfer on the basis of respecting market mechanism and the intent of market entities.展开更多
This paper examines how historical narratives and fictional narratives treat China's loss in Tang-Goguryeo War differently to heal China's damaged pride. Emperor Tang Taizong (599-649) invaded Goguryeo in 645 but ...This paper examines how historical narratives and fictional narratives treat China's loss in Tang-Goguryeo War differently to heal China's damaged pride. Emperor Tang Taizong (599-649) invaded Goguryeo in 645 but failed to conquer her because of severe weather and strong resistance led by Yeon Gaesomun (603-666). This paper argues that official histories including Jiu Tangshu (Old Book of Tang) and Xin Tangshu (New Book of Tang) focus on Emperor Tang Taizhong's legitimacy to invade Goguryeo because Yeon Gaesomun's coup d'etat overthrew Yeongnyu-wang. These two histories also pay extra attention to Yeon Gaesomun's negative characters. Novels about Tang-Goguryeo War including Xue Rengui zheng Liao shi lue (薛仁贵徵辽事略), Tang shu zhi zhuan tong su yan yi (唐书志传通俗演义), and Shuo Tang hou zhuan (说唐后传) take a different approach to heal China's wounded pride. Instead of focusing on diplomatic and military legitimacy, these stories blur China's loss by creating a national hero Xue Rengui whose military skills, loyalty to Tang Dynasty, and dauntless rescue of Emperor Tang Taizong were constantly emphasized.展开更多
One million Chinese villages have disappeared in the three decades since the beginning of China's rural reform, one third of the total. As a result of this urbanization, China can no longer produce enough grain for i...One million Chinese villages have disappeared in the three decades since the beginning of China's rural reform, one third of the total. As a result of this urbanization, China can no longer produce enough grain for itself. In 2012, China imported 80 million tons of grain, which is about 12% of its total grain need. Now the new Chinese Government inaugurated in 2013 has stepped up its push for more urbanization. Many more rural villages throughout China have been dismantled or will be dismantled at a crazy pace. China's environmental degradation will surely further deteriorate. This paper is a case study about urbanization and its social, economic, and environmental consequences in China.展开更多
Survival of organisms requires response to sense inputs and feedback. An intuitive picture or mental image of reality from sense experience is apparently structured from orthogonal and independent sense inputs in asso...Survival of organisms requires response to sense inputs and feedback. An intuitive picture or mental image of reality from sense experience is apparently structured from orthogonal and independent sense inputs in association with past memories. Such images are not necessarily visual but may have such qualities. Play of mind with information in mental images processed by molecular actors is guided with rules of reality to assure non-contradictory outcome of actions for successful behaviors (Rogers and Jain 1993). Such functions have evolved to find food before becoming food, and fight or flight when in doubt. Shadows of ignorance that obscure mental images and associated states also have epistemic utility. Their success depends on learning from trials and errors to compensate for incomplete information and uncertainties with consideration of what could go wrong. Outcomes are also influenced by games played on mind by illusions, mistakes, surprises, ignorance. Loss of time, energy, and opportunity associated with ignored or misinterpreted information threaten survival. Equivocation, cynicism, wild goose chase, and vicious circle of sterile ideas encourage contradictory or inconsistent interpretations that compromise outcomes. Throughout the human history, ignorance of horsemen of apocalypse has unleashed havocs, perpetuated wars, epidemics, wrongful medical treatments, and economic disasters. What used to be crisis of ignorance has now become crisis of unintended consequences of inventions and other forms of knowledge. Ignorance of experts and head of states as horsemen of darkness brings misery to countless innocents. In Nay formalism, knowledge (gyan) is what knows with certainty (either as true or false). Identifying uncertainties introduces doubt (syad) in what one knows. For finding ones way around lack of relevant evidence (agyan), wisdom lies in recognition of ignorance and identifies problem to seek solution. Note that these states for propositions are not necessarily related by binary negations.展开更多
Recently the behavior of human has resulted in the deterioration of global ecological environment, and global warming and environmental pollution have caused the occurrence of extreme events frequently If we repeat th...Recently the behavior of human has resulted in the deterioration of global ecological environment, and global warming and environmental pollution have caused the occurrence of extreme events frequently If we repeat the reckless environmental overkill, civilization will enter a victous circle of decline and lose even the strength and vitality to live in harmony with the environment. At Present, China is in a speciat period of rapid economic develop- ment. Some enterprises focus on short-term profits and don't formulate long-term strategies. For example, with the rapid expansion of the steel industry, some serious problems have emerged. Based on principles of industrial ecology and the concept of circular economy, to develop a new development model, taking a new road to industrialization is very necessary. Re-examining the current steel enterprises, this' paper proposes the new methods of the integration of material, energy integration, water system integration and sharing of information and facilities. Through ecologi- calization of technology, system, and industrial structure and product structure adjustment, the eco-transformation of the modern steel industry will be gradually achieved in China展开更多
The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding (1911-1993) who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation res...The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding (1911-1993) who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation rested primarily upon his acclaimed first novel. The present paper attempts to examine the theme of Lord of the flies in respects of its counter-tradition treatment of boys, evil actions of innocent boys and its use of symbols and arrives at a tentative conclusion that the combination of the three above-mentioned elements helps the novel to express the theme that evil is human nature.展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and the related herbal prescriptions for malignant tumors (MT). METHODS: A clinical database of the TCM syndromes and the herbal prescrip...OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and the related herbal prescriptions for malignant tumors (MT). METHODS: A clinical database of the TCM syndromes and the herbal prescriptions in treatment of 136 MT patients were established. The data were then analyzed using cluster and frequency analysis. RESULTS: According to the cluster analysis, the TCM syndromes in MT patients mainly included two patterns: deficiency of both Qi and Yin and internal accumulation of toxic heat. The commonlyprescribed herbs were Huangqi (Astraglus), Nuizhenzi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Lingzhi (Ganoderma Lucidum), Huaishan (Dioscorea Opposita), Xiakucao (Prunella Vulgaris), and Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis). CONCLUSION: Deficiency of Qi and Yin is the pri- mary syndrome of MT, and internal accumulation of toxic heat is the secondary syndrome. The herbs for Qi mainly heat-cl supplementation and Yin houris used, with earance and the assistance of detoxification. hment are herbs for展开更多
OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine with that of only Western Medicine for the treatment of malignant ascites.METHODS: All randomized controlled trials(January 2004 to March 2...OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine with that of only Western Medicine for the treatment of malignant ascites.METHODS: All randomized controlled trials(January 2004 to March 2013) from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Database were searched with keywords. Meta-analysis was conducted by combining the odds ratios of the individual studies. Review Manager 5.0 was used for the analysis.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and fifty-six patients from 19 randomized controlled trails were included. Of them, 630 patients were treated with integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(the integrative group), and 526 patients were treated with Western Medicine alone(the control group). The Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.73% in the integrated group, and 59.13% in the control group. The effective percentage was sig-nificantly higher in the integrative group than that of the control group [OR = 2.85, 95% CI(2.16,3.74),P < 0.01].CONCLUSION: The short-term curative effect in the integrative group was better than that in the control group. Integrative medicine may be beneficial for malignant ascites.展开更多
文摘AIM: To evaluate the clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with metastases to the gallbladder (MGBs). METHODS: We performed a single-center retrospective study of 20 patients with MGBs diagnosed pathologically from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS: Among 417 gallbladder (GB) malignancies, 20 (4.8%) were MGBs. The primary malignancies originated from the stomach (n = 8), colorectum (n = 3), liver (n = 2), kidney (n = 2), skin (n = 2), extrahepatic bile duct (n = 1), uterine cervix (n = 1), and appendix (n = 1). Twelve patients were diagnosed metachronously, presenting with cholecystitis (n = 4), abdominal pain (n = 2), jaundice (n = 1), weight loss (n = 1), and serum CA 19-9 elevation (n = 1); five patients were asymptomatic. The median survival after the diagnosis of MGB was 8.7 mo. On Cox regression analysis, R0 resection was the only factor associated with a prolonged survival [hazard ratio (HR): 0.01, P = 0.002]; presentation with cholecystitis was associated with poor survival (HR: 463.27, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: MGBs accounted for 4.8% of all pathologically diagnosed GB malignancies. The most common origin was the stomach. The median survival of MGI3 was 8.7 mo.
文摘Hepatic hemangiomas need to be treated surgically in cases where they are accompanied with symptoms, have a risk of rupture, or are hardly distinguishable from malignancy. The present authors conducted embolization of the right hepatic artery one day before an operation for a huge hemangioma accompanied with symptoms and confirmed a decrease in its size. The authors performed a right trisegmentectomy through a J-shape incision, using a thoracoabdominal approach, and safely removed a giant hemangioma of 32.0 cm × 26.5 cm × 8.0 cm in size and 2300 g in weight. Even for inexperienced surgeons, a J-shape incision with a thoracoabdominal approach is considered a safe and useful method when right-side hepatectomy is required for a large mass in the right liver.
文摘Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) treatment of cancer has a long history, and is an important part of cancer prevention and control in China. Fuzheng, also called reinforcing healthy qi and supplementing the root, is the most fundamental principle of TCM in cancer prevention and control. In recent decades, this treatment has been thoroughly studied and widely applied, and played a crucial role in cancer prevention and treatment. With regard to the treatment of malignant tumors, Chinese medicine is mainly used in the following areas: improving symptoms, enhancing the quality of life, reducing postoperative recurrence and metastasis, increasing efficacy and decreasing toxicity together with radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, and to some extent prolonging the survival of advanced tumors.
文摘AIM: To investigate the 152 cases of paragangliomas resected over the past 32 years in West China Hospital dinicopathologically.METHODS: All cases of paragangliomas diagnosed at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery and Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, China were reviewed. The pathological documents were supplied by the Department of Pathology, West China Hospital, and other necessary data were extracted from the hospital records. The statistical analyses were performed by survival analysis (Kaplan-Meier method), descriptive statistical analyses and Х^2 analysis.RESULTS: The neuroendocrine marker vimentin was found to be selectively expressed in the benign tumors, and there were significant differences in the expression of those markers in both benign and malignant tumors. The survival analysis revealed that survival correlated significantly with the malignancy, metastasis and nodal status.CONCLUSION: Vimentin may be useful in the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign tumors. The difference in the expression of this marker in the tumors could be a clue to the future clinical diagnosis. The malignancy, metastasis and the nodal status may predict the prognosis of this disease.
文摘The 9th International Congress on Peritoneal Surface Malignancies, sponsored by the Peritoneal Surface Oncology Group International (PSOGI) and organized by the Netherlands Cancer Institute, was held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, from October 9 to 11, 2014, with over 650 delegates from 66 countries attending the meeting. With the central theme to summarize the global progresses in peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) diagnosis and treatment, to draft the outline framework of international guidelines on PC treatment, and to formulate the future international collaborative research programs, this congress has set the new historical milestones in the global joint-effort to conquer PC. Major highlights of this congress are reported here.
文摘Epithelial ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the developed world, and can be divided into five main histological subtypes: high grade serous, endometrioid, clear cell, mucinous and low grade serous. These subtypes represent distinct disease entities, both clinically and at the molecular level. Molecular analysis has revealed significant genetic heterogeneity in ovarian cancer, particularly within the high grade serous subtype. As such, this subtype has been the focus of much research effort to date, revealing molecular subgroups at both the genomic and transcriptomic level that have clinical implications.However, stratification of ovarian cancer patients based on the underlying biology of their disease remains in its infancy. Here, we summarize the molecular changes that characterize the five main ovarian cancer subtypes, highlight potential opportunities for targeted therapeutic intervention and outline priorities for future research.
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.
文摘The driving force for China's industrial growth has shifted from the synergy of efficiency and factor input to the dominance of capital input alone.With the boundary of 2003,the contribution of capital to the growth of China's industrial economy increased from the annual average of 34.07%to 89.28%while the contribution of TFP dived from the annual average of 47.34%to-4.08%.Meanwhile,TFP growth rates dropped from the annual average of 4.6%to-0.05%and marginal capital output ratio went down from0.61 in 2002 to 0.28 in 2012.This indicates that the investment-driven pattern of China's industrial growth has been confronted with severe inefficiency.Further research suggests that the tendency of worsening industrial growth efficiency already became significant prior to the global financial crisis of 2008 and the eruption of the global financial crisis is not the fundamental reason for the worsening of efficiency and only exacerbated its tendency.The current government-led and investment-driven pattern of industrial growth is the root cause of such efficiency deterioration.Therefore,in order to achieve the transition towards innovation- and efficiency-driven growth pattern,the key is to make an appropriate distinction in the relationship between market and government,i.e.,the government must create a perfect institutional system where the market plays a decisive role and take proactive initiative to promote technology innovation and transfer on the basis of respecting market mechanism and the intent of market entities.
文摘This paper examines how historical narratives and fictional narratives treat China's loss in Tang-Goguryeo War differently to heal China's damaged pride. Emperor Tang Taizong (599-649) invaded Goguryeo in 645 but failed to conquer her because of severe weather and strong resistance led by Yeon Gaesomun (603-666). This paper argues that official histories including Jiu Tangshu (Old Book of Tang) and Xin Tangshu (New Book of Tang) focus on Emperor Tang Taizhong's legitimacy to invade Goguryeo because Yeon Gaesomun's coup d'etat overthrew Yeongnyu-wang. These two histories also pay extra attention to Yeon Gaesomun's negative characters. Novels about Tang-Goguryeo War including Xue Rengui zheng Liao shi lue (薛仁贵徵辽事略), Tang shu zhi zhuan tong su yan yi (唐书志传通俗演义), and Shuo Tang hou zhuan (说唐后传) take a different approach to heal China's wounded pride. Instead of focusing on diplomatic and military legitimacy, these stories blur China's loss by creating a national hero Xue Rengui whose military skills, loyalty to Tang Dynasty, and dauntless rescue of Emperor Tang Taizong were constantly emphasized.
文摘One million Chinese villages have disappeared in the three decades since the beginning of China's rural reform, one third of the total. As a result of this urbanization, China can no longer produce enough grain for itself. In 2012, China imported 80 million tons of grain, which is about 12% of its total grain need. Now the new Chinese Government inaugurated in 2013 has stepped up its push for more urbanization. Many more rural villages throughout China have been dismantled or will be dismantled at a crazy pace. China's environmental degradation will surely further deteriorate. This paper is a case study about urbanization and its social, economic, and environmental consequences in China.
文摘Survival of organisms requires response to sense inputs and feedback. An intuitive picture or mental image of reality from sense experience is apparently structured from orthogonal and independent sense inputs in association with past memories. Such images are not necessarily visual but may have such qualities. Play of mind with information in mental images processed by molecular actors is guided with rules of reality to assure non-contradictory outcome of actions for successful behaviors (Rogers and Jain 1993). Such functions have evolved to find food before becoming food, and fight or flight when in doubt. Shadows of ignorance that obscure mental images and associated states also have epistemic utility. Their success depends on learning from trials and errors to compensate for incomplete information and uncertainties with consideration of what could go wrong. Outcomes are also influenced by games played on mind by illusions, mistakes, surprises, ignorance. Loss of time, energy, and opportunity associated with ignored or misinterpreted information threaten survival. Equivocation, cynicism, wild goose chase, and vicious circle of sterile ideas encourage contradictory or inconsistent interpretations that compromise outcomes. Throughout the human history, ignorance of horsemen of apocalypse has unleashed havocs, perpetuated wars, epidemics, wrongful medical treatments, and economic disasters. What used to be crisis of ignorance has now become crisis of unintended consequences of inventions and other forms of knowledge. Ignorance of experts and head of states as horsemen of darkness brings misery to countless innocents. In Nay formalism, knowledge (gyan) is what knows with certainty (either as true or false). Identifying uncertainties introduces doubt (syad) in what one knows. For finding ones way around lack of relevant evidence (agyan), wisdom lies in recognition of ignorance and identifies problem to seek solution. Note that these states for propositions are not necessarily related by binary negations.
文摘Recently the behavior of human has resulted in the deterioration of global ecological environment, and global warming and environmental pollution have caused the occurrence of extreme events frequently If we repeat the reckless environmental overkill, civilization will enter a victous circle of decline and lose even the strength and vitality to live in harmony with the environment. At Present, China is in a speciat period of rapid economic develop- ment. Some enterprises focus on short-term profits and don't formulate long-term strategies. For example, with the rapid expansion of the steel industry, some serious problems have emerged. Based on principles of industrial ecology and the concept of circular economy, to develop a new development model, taking a new road to industrialization is very necessary. Re-examining the current steel enterprises, this' paper proposes the new methods of the integration of material, energy integration, water system integration and sharing of information and facilities. Through ecologi- calization of technology, system, and industrial structure and product structure adjustment, the eco-transformation of the modern steel industry will be gradually achieved in China
文摘The novel, Lord of the flies, written by William Golding (1911-1993) who was among the most popular and influential British authors to have emerged after World War II, is permeated with symbolism. His reputation rested primarily upon his acclaimed first novel. The present paper attempts to examine the theme of Lord of the flies in respects of its counter-tradition treatment of boys, evil actions of innocent boys and its use of symbols and arrives at a tentative conclusion that the combination of the three above-mentioned elements helps the novel to express the theme that evil is human nature.
基金Supported by National TCM Project Application in the 11th Five-Year Period (NO. 2007BAI10B01-041)International Science Joint Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (No. 2008DFA32200)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province, China (No.2010J01197)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To investigate the distribution characteristics of TCM syndromes and the related herbal prescriptions for malignant tumors (MT). METHODS: A clinical database of the TCM syndromes and the herbal prescriptions in treatment of 136 MT patients were established. The data were then analyzed using cluster and frequency analysis. RESULTS: According to the cluster analysis, the TCM syndromes in MT patients mainly included two patterns: deficiency of both Qi and Yin and internal accumulation of toxic heat. The commonlyprescribed herbs were Huangqi (Astraglus), Nuizhenzi (Fructus Ligustri Lucidi), Lingzhi (Ganoderma Lucidum), Huaishan (Dioscorea Opposita), Xiakucao (Prunella Vulgaris), and Baihuasheshecao (Herba Hedyotidis). CONCLUSION: Deficiency of Qi and Yin is the pri- mary syndrome of MT, and internal accumulation of toxic heat is the secondary syndrome. The herbs for Qi mainly heat-cl supplementation and Yin houris used, with earance and the assistance of detoxification. hment are herbs for
基金Supported by Key Projects of Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.#D131100002213004)
文摘OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of integrated Chinese and Western Medicine with that of only Western Medicine for the treatment of malignant ascites.METHODS: All randomized controlled trials(January 2004 to March 2013) from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, and Wanfang Database were searched with keywords. Meta-analysis was conducted by combining the odds ratios of the individual studies. Review Manager 5.0 was used for the analysis.RESULTS: One thousand one hundred and fifty-six patients from 19 randomized controlled trails were included. Of them, 630 patients were treated with integrated Chinese and Western Medicine(the integrative group), and 526 patients were treated with Western Medicine alone(the control group). The Meta-analysis showed that the total effective rate was 78.73% in the integrated group, and 59.13% in the control group. The effective percentage was sig-nificantly higher in the integrative group than that of the control group [OR = 2.85, 95% CI(2.16,3.74),P < 0.01].CONCLUSION: The short-term curative effect in the integrative group was better than that in the control group. Integrative medicine may be beneficial for malignant ascites.