类黄酮是茶树的主要次生代谢产物,对决定茶叶品质及其健康功效具有重要作用。利用LC-TOF/MS、qRT-PCR等技术研究了茶树类黄酮合成积累的组织器官特异性。结果显示,茶树不同器官中,鲜叶中的酚酸、儿茶素和黄酮醇化合物种类较多且含量较高...类黄酮是茶树的主要次生代谢产物,对决定茶叶品质及其健康功效具有重要作用。利用LC-TOF/MS、qRT-PCR等技术研究了茶树类黄酮合成积累的组织器官特异性。结果显示,茶树不同器官中,鲜叶中的酚酸、儿茶素和黄酮醇化合物种类较多且含量较高,原花青素含量低但种类多,而在根中则相反。从基因表达差异上看,从鲜叶到茎到根,4CL、CHI、F3H and F3’5’H表达依次降低。酶学实验显示,从鲜叶到茎到根,DFR/LAR和ANR酶活在鲜叶和茎中无明显差异,而在根中只检测到微弱的DFR/LAR活性。在不同发育时期鲜叶中,儿茶素含量在一叶中最高,芽其次;黄酮醇的含量在一叶和二叶中较高;花青素的含量随着鲜叶发育依次减少。qRT-PCR结果显示,PAL、C4H、CHS、F3’H、F3'5'H、DFR、LAR和ANR基因的表达与不同发育时期鲜叶中儿茶素和黄酮醇积累规律一致。酶学实验显示,随着鲜叶的发育,DFR/LAR的活性依次降低,ANR的活性呈增高趋势,它们的变化与酯型C和EGC含量趋势相吻合。展开更多
肿瘤的转移是恶性肿瘤最重要的生物学特性之一,具体的机制目前仍未明确。研究证明,肿瘤的转移不是随意的,而是具有选择性的,即器官特异性。100多年前Peget提出的＂种子土壤＂学说（the＂seed and soil＂hypothesis）认为,特定的肿瘤细...肿瘤的转移是恶性肿瘤最重要的生物学特性之一,具体的机制目前仍未明确。研究证明,肿瘤的转移不是随意的,而是具有选择性的,即器官特异性。100多年前Peget提出的＂种子土壤＂学说（the＂seed and soil＂hypothesis）认为,特定的肿瘤细胞（种子）会转移到适宜其生长的器官（土壤）。展开更多
Background: Metastatic melanoma shows different local response rates in organs to systemic or local treatment modalities. Whereas skin, soft tissue, lymph node and lung metastases seem to have better local response ra...Background: Metastatic melanoma shows different local response rates in organs to systemic or local treatment modalities. Whereas skin, soft tissue, lymph node and lung metastases seem to have better local response rates, the local response of metastases localized in the liver, brain and bone seems to be low. Objectives: The organ- specific response rate, local response rate of each therapeutic measure and survival of 68 patients with stage IV disease were evaluated. Methods: Four hundred and ten treatment periods (1- 18 per patient) in 17 different organs of 43 men and 25 women (mean age 55 years, range 19- 79) with measurable, widespread, surgically incurable disease were analysed. Chemotherapy was given in 405 of 410 treatment periods with dacarbazine, fotemustine, vindesine, carboplatin and temozolomide in different schedules. Local treatment modalities comprising radiotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and local hyperthermia were given in 71 of 410 treatment periods. Results: Local response (complete or partial local remission) was achieved in 52 treatment periods (12.7% ). When local treatment modalities, either combined with systemic therapy or not, were compared with systemic therapeutic modalities alone, a local response of 24% was achieved with local measures, compared with 10% in systemic treatment only (P=0.003). When a spontaneous remission rate of less than 5% is considered, however, local as well as systemic treatments had a significant effect (P<0.001). Organ- specific response rates to local therapies showed no statistically significant differences between the various organs involved. When systemic treatments without local measures were taken into account, lung metastases, cutaneous/subcutaneous metastases and adrenal metastases performed significantly better than liver metastases. When different treatment modalities were considered, there was no significant difference between the three local measures applied (radiotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and hyperthermia). Among the systemic therapies, dacarbazine high dose and carboplatin monochemotherapywere superior to combined regimens using fotemustine. A local response, irrespective of the mode of therapy, was significantly associated with longer survival (median 16 months) compared with no local response or local progressive disease (median 7 months; P<0.0001). When the first treatment period of each patient was considered, local responsewas no longer a significant predictor. Conclusions: The study shows that local therapeutic measures are superior in inducing a local response than systemic therapies alone. Induction of remission may be associated with longer survival. Chemotherapy, despite limited local response rates, is still statistically superior to an estimated spontaneous remission rate.展开更多
文摘类黄酮是茶树的主要次生代谢产物,对决定茶叶品质及其健康功效具有重要作用。利用LC-TOF/MS、qRT-PCR等技术研究了茶树类黄酮合成积累的组织器官特异性。结果显示,茶树不同器官中,鲜叶中的酚酸、儿茶素和黄酮醇化合物种类较多且含量较高,原花青素含量低但种类多,而在根中则相反。从基因表达差异上看,从鲜叶到茎到根,4CL、CHI、F3H and F3’5’H表达依次降低。酶学实验显示,从鲜叶到茎到根,DFR/LAR和ANR酶活在鲜叶和茎中无明显差异,而在根中只检测到微弱的DFR/LAR活性。在不同发育时期鲜叶中,儿茶素含量在一叶中最高,芽其次;黄酮醇的含量在一叶和二叶中较高;花青素的含量随着鲜叶发育依次减少。qRT-PCR结果显示,PAL、C4H、CHS、F3’H、F3'5'H、DFR、LAR和ANR基因的表达与不同发育时期鲜叶中儿茶素和黄酮醇积累规律一致。酶学实验显示,随着鲜叶的发育,DFR/LAR的活性依次降低,ANR的活性呈增高趋势,它们的变化与酯型C和EGC含量趋势相吻合。
文摘肿瘤的转移是恶性肿瘤最重要的生物学特性之一,具体的机制目前仍未明确。研究证明,肿瘤的转移不是随意的,而是具有选择性的,即器官特异性。100多年前Peget提出的＂种子土壤＂学说（the＂seed and soil＂hypothesis）认为,特定的肿瘤细胞（种子）会转移到适宜其生长的器官（土壤）。
文摘Background: Metastatic melanoma shows different local response rates in organs to systemic or local treatment modalities. Whereas skin, soft tissue, lymph node and lung metastases seem to have better local response rates, the local response of metastases localized in the liver, brain and bone seems to be low. Objectives: The organ- specific response rate, local response rate of each therapeutic measure and survival of 68 patients with stage IV disease were evaluated. Methods: Four hundred and ten treatment periods (1- 18 per patient) in 17 different organs of 43 men and 25 women (mean age 55 years, range 19- 79) with measurable, widespread, surgically incurable disease were analysed. Chemotherapy was given in 405 of 410 treatment periods with dacarbazine, fotemustine, vindesine, carboplatin and temozolomide in different schedules. Local treatment modalities comprising radiotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and local hyperthermia were given in 71 of 410 treatment periods. Results: Local response (complete or partial local remission) was achieved in 52 treatment periods (12.7% ). When local treatment modalities, either combined with systemic therapy or not, were compared with systemic therapeutic modalities alone, a local response of 24% was achieved with local measures, compared with 10% in systemic treatment only (P=0.003). When a spontaneous remission rate of less than 5% is considered, however, local as well as systemic treatments had a significant effect (P<0.001). Organ- specific response rates to local therapies showed no statistically significant differences between the various organs involved. When systemic treatments without local measures were taken into account, lung metastases, cutaneous/subcutaneous metastases and adrenal metastases performed significantly better than liver metastases. When different treatment modalities were considered, there was no significant difference between the three local measures applied (radiotherapy, gamma knife radiosurgery and hyperthermia). Among the systemic therapies, dacarbazine high dose and carboplatin monochemotherapywere superior to combined regimens using fotemustine. A local response, irrespective of the mode of therapy, was significantly associated with longer survival (median 16 months) compared with no local response or local progressive disease (median 7 months; P<0.0001). When the first treatment period of each patient was considered, local responsewas no longer a significant predictor. Conclusions: The study shows that local therapeutic measures are superior in inducing a local response than systemic therapies alone. Induction of remission may be associated with longer survival. Chemotherapy, despite limited local response rates, is still statistically superior to an estimated spontaneous remission rate.
