水稻高产机研制和四化水的增产作用及其机理

本文介绍了超日牌水稻高产机的研制与创新，评价了其产生的“净化、磁化、矿化、营养化”水之增产作用和社会、经济效益，探讨了四化生命水促进水稻高产的机理。

“四化”水对水稻秧苗素质及产量影响初报

为验证B8型水稻高产机生产的‘四化’水对水稻秧苗素质及对产量的影响效果,我们进行了用‘四化’水育秧的试验。试验结果表明,在水稻育秧期用‘四化’水浇苗可有效地提高秧苗素质,插秧后返青快、分蘖早、有效分蘖多,可提高水稻产量10.4%。

水稻高产机应用于水稻试验效果初报

水稻高产机接在自来水管上流出的“四化水”,用来浸种及秧田浇灌,可明显提高水稻秧苗素质,有效分蘖增多,成熟度提高,空秕粒下降,产量增加,效益显著。

超日牌水稻高产机试验初探

采用“超日”牌水稻高产机进行水的“四化”处理试验,用“四化”水进行水稻浸种和苗期水分管理,结果表明该试验可以提高种子发芽率、促进分蘖、增强抗病性,为高产奠定良好的基础。

Structure and corrosion resistance of modified micro-arc oxidation coating on AZ31B magnesium alloy

A hydrophobic surface was fabricated on a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treated AZ31 Mg alloys via surface modification with myristic acid. The effects of modification time on the wettability of the coatings were investigated using the contact angle measuring device. The surface morphologies and structure of the coatings were evaluated using SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The corrosion resistance was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization curves and long-term immersion test. The results showed that the water contact angle (CA) increases gradually with modification time from 0 to 5 h, the highest CA reaches 138° after being modified for 5 h, and the number and size of the micro pores are decreased. The modification method hardly alters crystalline structure of the MAO coating, but improves the corrosion resistance based on the much positive potential and low current density. Moreover, the corrosion resistance and hydrophobicity can be enhanced with increasing the alkyl chain. The wetting and spreading for the alkylcarboxylate with low surface energy become easier on the micro-porous surface, and alkylcarboxylate monolayer will be formed through bidentate bonding, which changes the surface micropores to a sealing or semi-sealing structure and makes the MAO coating dense and hydrophobic. All the results demonstrate that the modification process improves the corrosion protection ability of the MAO coating on AZ31B Mg alloy.

Conversion of ferric oxide to magnetite by hydrothermal reduction in Bayer digestion process

Digesting aluminum-bearing minerals and converting ferric oxide to magnetite simultaneously in Bayer digestion process is crucially important to deal with high-iron diasporic bauxite economically for alumina production.The reaction behaviors of hydrothermal reduction of ferric oxide in alkali solution were studied by both thermodynamic calculation and experimental investigation.The thermodynamic calculation indicates that Fe3O4 can be formed by the conversion of Fe2O3 at proper redox potentials in alkaline solution.The experimental results show that the formation ratio of Fe3O4 either through the reaction of Fe and Fe2O3 or through the reaction of Fe and H2O in alkaline aqueous solution increases remarkably with raising the temperature and alkali concentration,suggesting that Fe（OH）3- and Fe（OH）4- form by dissolving Fe and Fe2O3,respectively,in alkaline aqueous solution and further react to form Fe3O4.Moreover,aluminate ions have little influence on the hydrothermal reduction of Fe2O3 in alkaline aqueous solution,and converting iron minerals to magnetite can be realized in the Bayer digestion process of diasporic bauxite.

Tracer Experimental Study of the Main Conveying Conduits of CCl_4 Pollutant in the Qiligou Water Supply Resource

The Ordovician karst groundwater in the Qiligou basin is an important water supply source. This groundwater has been seriously contaminated in recent years by Cfl4 from a pesticide plant located in the recharge area. The highest concentration of CCl4 in the groundwater is 3909.2μg/L. Large scale tracer experiments were carried out to study the conveying conduits for Cfl4 in the basin on May 1-6, 2005. Nontoxic, edible glucose was used as a tracer and it was detected by spectrophotometric techniques. Well area of the basin, was employed for injecting the tracer X-61, located near the pesticide plant in the southern recharge Ten wells widely located in the groundwater runoff area were used as observing and sampling wells. The results show that the migration of the pollutants is controlled by the water hydrodynamic field and by the development of karst conduits. The tracer did not enter the up-drainage wells, X-49 and X-47, near the injection point because the water levels at these wells are higher than at the injection point. The adjacent well X-62 is close to the injection site, but the tracer reached the well after eleven hours. Wells X-43, X-59, X-58, YY-1 and X-57, located in the syncline axis runoff area, are respectively 2.5, 3.5, 4.33, 4.38 and 5.44 kilometers from the in- jection site. The time for initial appearance of tracer was 4, 4, 2, 6 and 4 hours, respectively. The maximum runoff velocity （well X-58） is over two kilometers per hour, indicating that the karst conduits are well developed along the syncline basin axis. These conduits are the main conveying conduits for groundwater and Cfl4. Closer wells were not necessarily the first to receive tracer. This shows the inhomogeneity in karst development which causes complex runoff, and pollutant migration, patterns.

Variation of Bioaccumulation Ability of 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether by Marine Diatom Skeletonema costatum Under Different N:P Ratios

The growth, biochemical content and bioaccumulation quantity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether(BDE-47) in Skeletonema costatum were studied under different N:P ratios(1, 4, 16, 64 and 128). All cellular biochemical contents of S. costatum presented decreasing trend over cultivation time. At early stage of cultivation, the cellular protein, carbohydrate and lipid in S. costatum presented higher values in treatments of N:P=4 and 16. However, they were lower in these treatments at the late stage, but higher in treatments N:P=1 and 128. Similarly, BDE-47 levels per cell of S. costatum were higher in treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at early stage of cultivation, which were 3.8 and 3.7 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. At the middle stage of cultivation, the BDE-47 level per S. costatum cell lowered; and it further reduced in the treatments of N:P=4 and 16 at the late stage with the values 0.6 and 0.5 ng(106 cells)-1, respectively. However, it rose in N:P=128, reaching up to 2.3 ng(106 cells)-1. Compared with BDE-47 per cell, BDE-47 per algal volume under different N:P ratios did not present obvious difference. The quantity BDE-47 accumulated per cell of S. costatum was positively correlated with protein, carbohydrate and lipid per cell; meanwhile, the BDE-47 per volume had a positive correlation with biochemical content per volume. The variation of bioaccumulation ability of BDE-47 in S. costatum can be explained by biochemical changes due to N:P ratios.

Hepatoprotective effects of baicalein against CCl 4-induced acute liver injury in mice

AIM:To investigate the hepatoprotective effect of baicalein against carbon tetrachloride(CCl 4)-induced liver damage in mice.METHODS:Mice were orally administered with baicalein after CCl 4 injection,and therapeutic baicalein was given twice a day for 4 d.The anti-inflammation effects of baicalein were assessed directly by hepatic histology and serum alanine aminotranferease and aspartate aminotransferase measurement.Proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to evaluate the effect of baicalein in promoting hepatocyte proliferation.Serum interleukin(IL)-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liver IL-6,TNF-α,transforming growth factor-α(TGF-α),hepatocyte growth factor(HGF) and epidermal growth factor(EGF) genes expression were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:CCl4-induced acute liver failure model offers a survival benefit in baicalein-treated mice.The data indicated that the mRNA levels of IL-6 and TNF-α significantly increased within 12 h after CCl 4 treatment in baicalein administration groups,but at 24,48 and 72 h,the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α was kept at lower levels compared with the control.The expression of TGF-α,HGF and EGF was enhanced dramatically in baicalein administration group at 12,24,48 and 72 h.Furthermore,we found that baicalein significantly elevated the serum level of TNF-α and IL-6 at the early phase,which indicated that baicalein could facilitate the initiating events in liver regeneration.CONCLUSION:Baicalein may be a therapeutic candidate for acute liver injury.Baicalein accelerates liver regeneration by regulating TNF-α and IL-6 mediated pathways.

Assimilating Amounts of Precipitation Using a New Four-Dimensional Variational Method

Observations of accumulated precipitation are extremely valuable for effectively improving rainfall analysis and forecast. It is, however, difficult to use such observations directly through sequential assimilation methods, such as three-dimensional variational data assimilation or an Ensemble Kalman Filter. In this study, the authors illustrate a new approach that makes effective use of precipitation data to improve rainfall forecast. The new method directly obtains an optimal solution in a reduced space by fitting observations with historical time series generated by the model; it also avoids the implementation of tangent linear model and its adjoint. A lot of historical samples are produced as the ensemble of precipitation observations with the fully nonlinear forecast model. The results show that the new approach is capable of extracting information from precipitation observations to improve the analysis and forecast. This method provides comparable performance with the standard fourdimensional variational data assimilation at a much lower computational cost.

Preparation of microsized single-crystalline Co_3O_4 by high-temperature hydrolysis

Microsized single-crystalline Co3O4 has been synthesized by high-temperature hydrolysis of CoCD2H20 at 600℃. The samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results reveal that the as-prepared powders are microsized single-crystalline CO3O4 with cubic spinel structure. An increase in the high-temperature hydrolysis time results in the evolution of particle shapes from cube to quasi-sphere, and then to octahedron. The effect of NaCl additive on the surface morphologies of Co3O4 particles was experimentally investigated. The results indicate that the NaCl additive acts as an inert disperse phase in the high-temperature hydrolysis, and prevents the aggregation of Co3O4 particles effectively.

Measurement and correlation of physical properties of aqueous solutions of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide, piperazine and their aqueous blends

The density,viscosity and refractive index of aqueous solutions of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide(TBAOH),piperazine(PZ) and their aqueous blends are determined at several temperatures(303.15 to 333.15 K).All these measured physicochemical properties decreases with an increase in temperature.The density data is used to calculate the coefficient of thermal expansion and excess molar volume of all aqueous binary and ternary solutions.The coefficient of thermal expansion increases with increase in temperatures and concentrations.The negativity of excess molar volume for all the aqueous solution decreased with increase in temperature.Each physical property is correlated with temperature by least square method and the corresponding coefficients for each property are presented.The prediction values from correlations for the physical properties are in good agreement with the experimental values.

DNA Methylation Analysis of Cassava （Manihotesculenta Crantz） SC8 and Its Autotetraploid in Response to Cold Stress

DNA methylation plays a vital role in the regulation of gene expression in response to environmental stress. However, little is known about the effect of DNA methylation on the cassava polyploidy. In the present study, methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphisms （MSAP） were used to investigate DNA methylation profiles of cassava polyploidy following cold treatment to identify candidate genes involved in response to cold stress. The result showed that the genome-wide DNA methylation polymorphisms accounted for 34.02%-42.56% in SC8 and its autotetraploid exposed to 5 ~C for 2, 8, 24 and 48 h, respectively. The methylation levels of SC8 at 2 h-cold stress were the highest during 48h under cold treatments. With the time extension within 48 h under cold stress, the methylation levels gradually decreased to the same level as the control but DNA methylation levels of cassava autotetraploid were stable within 48 h. For future analysis of the methylation extent, the cold stress induced more DNA methylation than demethylation in SC8, where DNA methylation was consistent with demethylation in its autotetraploid. The expression analysis demonstrated increase in the transcription of one methylated gene and decrease in the transcription of two demethylated genes. The results revealed that gene methylations in specific sites would be a rapidly epigenetic response to cold stress, further elucidating the methylation functions in its autotetraploid.

社会主义工业的专门化与协作化及我国当前在这方面应有的措施

【正】 引言社会主义工业是发展国民经济的主导部门。由于它是科学地按照国家统一计划而建成的先进生产部门,就更具备着特别有利的条件,利用各种形式组织其内部的生产。社会主义工业的专门化与协作化,就是有计划地按照社会主义生产组织及生产力发展的规模和速度,而产生的一种生产组织形式。

Mesoporous Co3O4 as an electrocatalyst for water oxidation

MesoporousCo3O4 has been prepared using porous silica as a hard template via a nanocasting route and its electrocatalytic properties were investigated as an oxygen evolution catalyst for the electrolysis of water. The ordered mesostructured Co3O4 shows dramatically increased catalytic activity compared to that of bulk Co3O4. Enhanced catalytic activity was achieved with high porosity and surface area, and the water oxidation overpotential （η） of the ordered mesoporous Co3O4 decreases significantly as the surface area increases. The mesoporous Co3O4 also shows excellent structural stability in alkaline media. After 100 min under 0.8 V （versus Ag/AgC1） applied bias, the sample maintains the ordered mesoporous structure with little deactivation of the catalytic properties.

Nano CuO/ZSM-5 zeolite as a green and efficient catalyst for dehydration of 1,4-butanediol to tetrahydrofuran

Nano CuO/ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared and used as a catalyst for dehydration of 1,4-butanediol(BDO) to tetrahydrofuran(THF) in liquid-phase. It was found that the 4.6 wt% CuO/ZSM-5 displayed good catalytic performance, and nearly 100%of BDO conversion and more than 99% of THF selectivity could be achieved by a rotary evaporator reactor at 170 °C under the atmospheric pressure. With such mild reaction conditions, 2400 g BDO could be converted to THF over 1 g catalyst under semi-continuous operation. Characterizations with X-ray diffraction(XRD), temperature-programmed reduction(TPR),NH3-temperature programmed desorption(TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), transmission electron microscope(TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) over fresh and used 4.6 wt% CuO/ZSM-5 were conducted. Based on the results of the characterization and catalytic performance of 4.6 wt% CuO/ZSM-5, it can be conjectured that the formed 1–3 nm CuO nanoparticles, suitable acidity of the catalyst due to the synergic interaction of CuO and ZSM-5 support promoted the dehydration of BDO to THF.

Total synthesis of (-)-isoaltholactone

A short and efficient stereoselective synthesis of a styryllactone (-)-isoaltholactone has been achieved in seven steps and 33% overall yield, starting from the readily available carbohydrate D-mannose. The key steps of our synthesis involve intramolecular tetrahydrofuran cyclization and one-pot acetonide deprotection-lactonization.