高素质应用型人才培养模式的探索和实践——以新疆农业大学环境科学专业为例

环境科学是一门理论性和实践性均非常强的学科,针对目前高校环境科学专业在高素质应用型人才方面存在的问题,有必要探索以满足环境科学人才市场需求为目标导向的人才培养新模式。新疆农业大学环境科学专业根据多年在学生培养方面的探索和经验,提出了"市场化、专业化、技能化、职业化"的"四化耦合"应用型人才培养模式。实践表明,该人才培养模式改革在提高学生实践能力、动手能力、适应能力等方面均取得了良好的效果。

Preparation and Characterization of Tungsten-substituted Molybdophosphoric Acids and Catalytic Cyclodehydration of 1,4-Butanediol to Tetrahydrofuran

A series of tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids(H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O) were synthesized and characterized by inductive coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy(ICPAES),thermal gravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and FTIR pyridine adsorption.The as-prepared heteropoly acids have a Keggin type structure.The synthesis of tetrahydrofuran by reactive distillation and cyclodehydration of 1,4-butanediol was studied using the tungsten-substituted molybdophosphoric acids as catalysts.The results of catalytic test indicated that the catalytic activity increased with the increase in the substitution number(n) of tungsten atom in H3PMo12-nWnO40·xH2O and was constant as the substitution number(n) was more than 8.The catalytic activity increased with the increase in the catalyst loading and the selectivity of tetrahydrofuran was nearly 100%.

Sensitivity of Coupled Chaotic Dynamical System to Parameters in the Context of Data Assimilation

In this paper, a numerical modeling tool is described which can be used to explore various aspects of four dimensional variational data assimilation and parameter estimation arising in geophysical, environmental, biological and engineering sciences. A major component of this tool is a coupled chaotic dynamical system obtained by coupling two versions of the well-known Lorenz （1963） model with different time scales which differ by a certain time-scale factor. A tangent linear model and its adjoint are considered that correspond to a coupled chaotic system. The general idea of applying sensitivity measures （sensitivity functions） to coupled systems, emphasizing the data assimilation aspects, is explored as well by the forward sensitivity approach. For this purpose the set of sensitivity equations is derived from the nonlinear equations of the coupled dynamical system. To estimate the influence of model parameter uncertainties on the simulated state variables the relative error in the energy norm is used.

Coupling of wave and current numerical model with unstructured quadtree grid for nearshore coastal waters

This paper presents 2D wave-current interaction model for evaluating nearly horizontal wave-induced currents in the surf-zone and coastal waters.The hydrodynamic model is the two-dimensional depth-averaged nonlinear shallow water equations by using an unstructured non-staggered and multiple-level quadtree rectangular mesh,this mesh information is stored in simple data structures and it is easy to obtain a locally high resolution for important region.The intercell fluxes are computed based on the HLL(Harten-Lax-van Leer) approximate Riemann solver with shock capturing capability for computing the dry-to-wet interface of coastal line.The effects of pressure and gravity are included in source term in the model,this treatment can simplify the computation and eliminate numerical imbalance between source and flux terms.The wave model readily provides the radiation stresses that represent the shortwave-averaged forces in a water column for the hydrodynamic model and the wave model takes into account the effect of wave-induced nearshore currents and water level.The coupling model is applied to verify different experimental cases and real life case of considering the wave-current interaction.The calculated results agree with analytical solution,experimental and field data.The results show that the modeling approach presented herein should be useful in simulating the nearshore processes in complicated natural coastal domains.