The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students＇ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia Global S...The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students＇ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia Global School-Based Health Survey （GSHS）. The GSHS administered a self-report questionnaire to a nationally representative sample （N = 5,328） of 7th-llth grade school children. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and to predict the fruit and vegetable intake from associated factors. Only 7.0% of students met WHO＇s recommendation of eating fruits and vegetables S or more times per day. There was a significant association between gender and fruit and vegetable intake （P = .016）. There was a significant relationship between living condition and fruit and vegetable intake （P =.029）. Students who lived in apartment were more likely to have adequate fruit and vegetable intake than those who lived in ger in the khashaa. To be effective, educational interventions should be implemented as early as possible.展开更多
Globalization makes people from diverse cultural backgrounds communicate effectively. To be a global citizen has become the goal of our education. Landis and Bhagat （1996） argued that intercultural sensitivity is cr...Globalization makes people from diverse cultural backgrounds communicate effectively. To be a global citizen has become the goal of our education. Landis and Bhagat （1996） argued that intercultural sensitivity is crucial to enable people to live and work with others from different cultural backgrounds. With higher intercultural sensitivity, one will be more global as his understanding of cultural difference becomes more sophisticated. In this present study, the intercultural sensitivity of different majors from a private institute of technology in the north of Taiwan was investigated, using the ISS （Intercultural Sensitivity Scale） developed by Chen and Starosta （2000）. Based on a survey of 358 participants from Nursing Department and Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, this study focused on five dimensions of the intercultural sensitivity and the participants＇ demographic factors affecting their performance on intercultural sensitivity. The five dimensions included in this study were： （1） interaction engagement, （2） interaction confidence, （3） respect for cultural differences, （4） interaction enjoyment, and （5） interaction attentiveness. Among the five dimensions of intercultural sensitivity, the participants had the highest score on the dimension of ＂respect for the cultural differences＂ and had the lowest score on the dimension of ＂interaction confidence＂. Results generated by stepwise multiple regression indicated ＂decision of studying abroad＂ and ＂experiences of living abroad＂ could effectively predict the participants＇ intercultural sensitivity.展开更多
The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface i...The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface in Slovakia belongs to the yeast contaminants of fermented dairy products. The effect of the cultivation temperature and the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the growth of dairy spoilage yeasts in ultrapasteurized milk was studied. Addition of Lb. rhamnosus GG in milk caused partial inhibition of the yeast growth dynamics in milk. The water activity transformation of Gibson model after the temperature modification （Tw） was applied to model growth dynamics of G. candidum in pure and mixed culture, respectively： In μ_Gc=-5.0376＋2.7281 Tw-0.4217Tw^2, lnμ_CC_LGG=-6.0033＋3.2996Tw-0.5553Tw^2. The effect of different Lb. rhamnosus GG addition and the incubation temperature on the C. maltosa growth dynamics was analyzed by linear regression methodology and described by using following equations： lnGr1=-5.3674＋0.2341T＋0.2599N0-0.0032T^2-0.0492N0^2-0.0068TN0 and lnGr11=-9.5457-0.249T＋2.3823N0 ＋0.0099T^2-0.2324N0^2＋0.0098TN0 Based on the principles of predictive microbiology, the mutual microbial interactions and potential application of the lactobacillus strains in food protection are discussed.展开更多
Land-use patterns can affect various nutrient cycles in stream ecosystems, but little information is available about the effects of urban development on denitrification processes at the watershed scale. In the present...Land-use patterns can affect various nutrient cycles in stream ecosystems, but little information is available about the effects of urban development on denitrification processes at the watershed scale. In the presented study, we investigated the controlling factors of denitrification rates within the streams of the Han River Basin, Korea, with different land-use patterns, in order to enhance the effectiveness of water resource management strategies. Ten watersheds were classified into three land-use patterns （forest, agriculture and urban） using satellite images and geographic information system techniques, and in-situ denitrification rates were determined using an acetylene blocking method. Additionally, sediment samples were collected from each stream to analyze denitrifier communities and abundance using molecular approaches. In-situ denitrification rates were found to be in the order of agricultural streams （289.6 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 urban streams （157.0 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 forested streams （41.9 mg N20-N m-2 d-l）. In contrast, the average quantity of denitrifying genes was the lowest in the urban streams. Genetic diversity of denitrifying genes was not affected by watershed land-use pattern, but exhibited stream-dependent pattern. More significance factors were involved in denitrification in the sites with higher denitrification rates. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that clay, dissolved organic carbon and water contents were the main factors controlling denitrification rate in the agricultural streams, while dissolved organic carbon was the main controlling factor in the urban streams. In contrast, temperature appeared to be the main controlling factor in the forested streams.展开更多
文摘The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of students＇ fruit and vegetable intake and its associated factors among adolescents in Mongolia. Data for this analysis were from the 2010 Mongolia Global School-Based Health Survey （GSHS）. The GSHS administered a self-report questionnaire to a nationally representative sample （N = 5,328） of 7th-llth grade school children. Chi-square analyses and multivariate logistic regressions were performed to determine the prevalence and to predict the fruit and vegetable intake from associated factors. Only 7.0% of students met WHO＇s recommendation of eating fruits and vegetables S or more times per day. There was a significant association between gender and fruit and vegetable intake （P = .016）. There was a significant relationship between living condition and fruit and vegetable intake （P =.029）. Students who lived in apartment were more likely to have adequate fruit and vegetable intake than those who lived in ger in the khashaa. To be effective, educational interventions should be implemented as early as possible.
文摘Globalization makes people from diverse cultural backgrounds communicate effectively. To be a global citizen has become the goal of our education. Landis and Bhagat （1996） argued that intercultural sensitivity is crucial to enable people to live and work with others from different cultural backgrounds. With higher intercultural sensitivity, one will be more global as his understanding of cultural difference becomes more sophisticated. In this present study, the intercultural sensitivity of different majors from a private institute of technology in the north of Taiwan was investigated, using the ISS （Intercultural Sensitivity Scale） developed by Chen and Starosta （2000）. Based on a survey of 358 participants from Nursing Department and Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, this study focused on five dimensions of the intercultural sensitivity and the participants＇ demographic factors affecting their performance on intercultural sensitivity. The five dimensions included in this study were： （1） interaction engagement, （2） interaction confidence, （3） respect for cultural differences, （4） interaction enjoyment, and （5） interaction attentiveness. Among the five dimensions of intercultural sensitivity, the participants had the highest score on the dimension of ＂respect for the cultural differences＂ and had the lowest score on the dimension of ＂interaction confidence＂. Results generated by stepwise multiple regression indicated ＂decision of studying abroad＂ and ＂experiences of living abroad＂ could effectively predict the participants＇ intercultural sensitivity.
文摘The presence of Geotrichum candidum in fresh cheese is considered to be a contaminant and may lead to the product spoilage. The oxidative yeast Candida maltosa firstly isolated from the spoiled fruit yoghurt surface in Slovakia belongs to the yeast contaminants of fermented dairy products. The effect of the cultivation temperature and the presence of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG on the growth of dairy spoilage yeasts in ultrapasteurized milk was studied. Addition of Lb. rhamnosus GG in milk caused partial inhibition of the yeast growth dynamics in milk. The water activity transformation of Gibson model after the temperature modification （Tw） was applied to model growth dynamics of G. candidum in pure and mixed culture, respectively： In μ_Gc=-5.0376＋2.7281 Tw-0.4217Tw^2, lnμ_CC_LGG=-6.0033＋3.2996Tw-0.5553Tw^2. The effect of different Lb. rhamnosus GG addition and the incubation temperature on the C. maltosa growth dynamics was analyzed by linear regression methodology and described by using following equations： lnGr1=-5.3674＋0.2341T＋0.2599N0-0.0032T^2-0.0492N0^2-0.0068TN0 and lnGr11=-9.5457-0.249T＋2.3823N0 ＋0.0099T^2-0.2324N0^2＋0.0098TN0 Based on the principles of predictive microbiology, the mutual microbial interactions and potential application of the lactobacillus strains in food protection are discussed.
基金Supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(No.2013056833)
文摘Land-use patterns can affect various nutrient cycles in stream ecosystems, but little information is available about the effects of urban development on denitrification processes at the watershed scale. In the presented study, we investigated the controlling factors of denitrification rates within the streams of the Han River Basin, Korea, with different land-use patterns, in order to enhance the effectiveness of water resource management strategies. Ten watersheds were classified into three land-use patterns （forest, agriculture and urban） using satellite images and geographic information system techniques, and in-situ denitrification rates were determined using an acetylene blocking method. Additionally, sediment samples were collected from each stream to analyze denitrifier communities and abundance using molecular approaches. In-situ denitrification rates were found to be in the order of agricultural streams （289.6 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 urban streams （157.0 mg N20-N m-2 d-1） 〉 forested streams （41.9 mg N20-N m-2 d-l）. In contrast, the average quantity of denitrifying genes was the lowest in the urban streams. Genetic diversity of denitrifying genes was not affected by watershed land-use pattern, but exhibited stream-dependent pattern. More significance factors were involved in denitrification in the sites with higher denitrification rates. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that clay, dissolved organic carbon and water contents were the main factors controlling denitrification rate in the agricultural streams, while dissolved organic carbon was the main controlling factor in the urban streams. In contrast, temperature appeared to be the main controlling factor in the forested streams.
