比较了酞菁钴磺酸盐(PDS)湿法脱硫工艺中,测定脱硫液中硫氢根离子浓度的几种分析方法。采用加标分析的方法考察了取样量、沉淀剂种类、沉淀时间、沉淀物分离方法和盐酸用量对分析结果的影响,对碘量分析法进行了优化。优化后的分析条件为...比较了酞菁钴磺酸盐(PDS)湿法脱硫工艺中,测定脱硫液中硫氢根离子浓度的几种分析方法。采用加标分析的方法考察了取样量、沉淀剂种类、沉淀时间、沉淀物分离方法和盐酸用量对分析结果的影响,对碘量分析法进行了优化。优化后的分析条件为:脱硫液采样后立即处理,以防止因氧化导致硫氢根离子浓度降低;以乙酸镉为沉淀剂,沉淀时间10 min,盐酸用量3 m L,取样量10 m L,采用过滤的分离方法,通过电位滴定测定硫氢根离子的质量浓度。在优化条件下,加标回收率可以达到98%。该方法具有很高的实用性,可以应用于PDS湿法脱硫生产装置中,为装置的工艺分析和优化提供依据。展开更多
Separation-recycle system is an important part in chemical process, and its optimization is a multiobjective problem. In this paper the process optimization procedure is proposed. The fuzzy optimization algorithm with...Separation-recycle system is an important part in chemical process, and its optimization is a multiobjective problem. In this paper the process optimization procedure is proposed. The fuzzy optimization algorithm with the concept of relative importance degree (RID) is utilized to transfer multi-objective optimization (MO-O) model into a single-objective optimization (SO-O) framework. The treatment of process condensate in synthesisa mmonia plant is taken as example to illustrate the optimization procedure, and the satisfactory result demonstrates feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested method.展开更多
A process for recovering Co and preparing microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)through NH_(3)distillation and phase transformation from ammoniacal solution was investigated.As the basis of thermodynamics,the solubility of Co at ...A process for recovering Co and preparing microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)through NH_(3)distillation and phase transformation from ammoniacal solution was investigated.As the basis of thermodynamics,the solubility of Co at different NH_(3)and CO_(3)^(2-)concentrations was studied,and then the effects of different NH_(3)distillation conditions on Co recovery rate were discussed.Over 94%Co and 96%NH_(3)were recovered through NH_(3)distillation,and the cobalt was precipitated in form of cobalt carbonate ammonium compound salt.Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the precursor,the precipitation process of cobalt could be divided into two stages,and the cobalt precipitation rate was significantly accelerated in the second stage.In phase transformation,the effect of temperature on the roasted product was investigated.The microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)with a microporous structure was prepared at 300°C,and Co_(3)O_(4)with a mesoporous structure and high-spin state was obtained at 750°C.展开更多
Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads an...Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field.展开更多
In this paper, the research was focused on optimizing low-temperature heat recovery to adopt multi-effect distil- lation （MED） in desalination by pinch technology. And further analysis indicated that phase changes o...In this paper, the research was focused on optimizing low-temperature heat recovery to adopt multi-effect distil- lation （MED） in desalination by pinch technology. And further analysis indicated that phase changes occurred during the heat recovery process. In such case, the feed stream was divided into two streams： the liquid feed stream and the gaseous feed stream. Through calculation, the optimal ATmin was established at 26℃, and the total cost of heat exchange process was only $1.098× 106. By using the Problem Table Algorithm for pinch analysis, the temperature of the hot and the cold steams was 119℃ and 93 ℃, respectively. At a temperature higher than 119 ℃, all heat of the hot stream could not be cooled by the condenser, and the minimum heat load of utility （QH.min） was 440457.64 kW; and at a temperature below 93 ℃, all heat of the cold stream could not be provided by the heater, and the minimum cold load of utility （QC.min） was 1965993.85 kW. Finally, the synthesis of heat exchanger network was established through integrating two heat exchanger networks.展开更多
文摘比较了酞菁钴磺酸盐(PDS)湿法脱硫工艺中,测定脱硫液中硫氢根离子浓度的几种分析方法。采用加标分析的方法考察了取样量、沉淀剂种类、沉淀时间、沉淀物分离方法和盐酸用量对分析结果的影响,对碘量分析法进行了优化。优化后的分析条件为:脱硫液采样后立即处理,以防止因氧化导致硫氢根离子浓度降低;以乙酸镉为沉淀剂,沉淀时间10 min,盐酸用量3 m L,取样量10 m L,采用过滤的分离方法,通过电位滴定测定硫氢根离子的质量浓度。在优化条件下,加标回收率可以达到98%。该方法具有很高的实用性,可以应用于PDS湿法脱硫生产装置中,为装置的工艺分析和优化提供依据。
文摘Separation-recycle system is an important part in chemical process, and its optimization is a multiobjective problem. In this paper the process optimization procedure is proposed. The fuzzy optimization algorithm with the concept of relative importance degree (RID) is utilized to transfer multi-objective optimization (MO-O) model into a single-objective optimization (SO-O) framework. The treatment of process condensate in synthesisa mmonia plant is taken as example to illustrate the optimization procedure, and the satisfactory result demonstrates feasibility and effectiveness of the suggested method.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52034002, U1802253, 51974025)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. FRF-MP-20-04)
文摘A process for recovering Co and preparing microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)through NH_(3)distillation and phase transformation from ammoniacal solution was investigated.As the basis of thermodynamics,the solubility of Co at different NH_(3)and CO_(3)^(2-)concentrations was studied,and then the effects of different NH_(3)distillation conditions on Co recovery rate were discussed.Over 94%Co and 96%NH_(3)were recovered through NH_(3)distillation,and the cobalt was precipitated in form of cobalt carbonate ammonium compound salt.Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the precursor,the precipitation process of cobalt could be divided into two stages,and the cobalt precipitation rate was significantly accelerated in the second stage.In phase transformation,the effect of temperature on the roasted product was investigated.The microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)with a microporous structure was prepared at 300°C,and Co_(3)O_(4)with a mesoporous structure and high-spin state was obtained at 750°C.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279186)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2011CB013704)
文摘Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field.
基金the National Nature Science Foundation (Grant No. 51178463)
文摘In this paper, the research was focused on optimizing low-temperature heat recovery to adopt multi-effect distil- lation （MED） in desalination by pinch technology. And further analysis indicated that phase changes occurred during the heat recovery process. In such case, the feed stream was divided into two streams： the liquid feed stream and the gaseous feed stream. Through calculation, the optimal ATmin was established at 26℃, and the total cost of heat exchange process was only $1.098× 106. By using the Problem Table Algorithm for pinch analysis, the temperature of the hot and the cold steams was 119℃ and 93 ℃, respectively. At a temperature higher than 119 ℃, all heat of the hot stream could not be cooled by the condenser, and the minimum heat load of utility （QH.min） was 440457.64 kW; and at a temperature below 93 ℃, all heat of the cold stream could not be provided by the heater, and the minimum cold load of utility （QC.min） was 1965993.85 kW. Finally, the synthesis of heat exchanger network was established through integrating two heat exchanger networks.
