典型电子废物部件中有色化学金属回收机理及技术研究与创新

典型的电子废物部件拥有很强的回收应用价值,本文深入的分析了典型电子废物部件的化学金属回收机理,并对相关技术进行了应用和创新层面的研究,对提升电子废物部件的应用质量十分重要。

在煤浮选中回收黄铁矿的机理

在大多数选煤厂,在浮选高硫煤过程中通过泡沫回收大量的黄铁矿。通常,黄铁矿的回收是由于黄铁矿颗粒的疏水性而浮起的结果,然而,虽然有各种各样的黄铁矿抑制剂,但是工业用的煤的浮选没有使用这些抑制剂,这说明黄铁矿的浮选的机理还没有被完全地了解。为了在浮选过程中减少黄铁矿的回收,最重要的是必须了解基本的回收机理。在本文中说明:解离黄铁矿由于其固有的疏水性而产生的起动不是从刚粉粹的煤中回收黄铁矿的重要机理,而认为大部分浮起的黄铁矿是由于通过可浮的煤的颗粒单纯的夹带或机械吸持的结果,使用传统的浮选槽和档板式浮选柱两种方法进行了试验。

可回收锚杆技术研究现状与展望

桩锚支护作为目前主流的支护方式之一,发展至今其缺陷背离绿色、低碳、可持续发展理念并且严重阻碍了未来城市地下空间的发展.可回收锚杆技术的出现解决了传统锚杆所存在的弊端并被推广应用.介绍了我国可回收锚杆发展史及当前国内外主流可回收锚杆种类、锚杆结构、工作及回收原理及优缺点,在此基础上指出当前可回收锚杆的研发和应用存在的问题,并对未来重点研究方向展望.

基于超临界CO2流体的废旧线路板回收工艺的试验研究

利用高温高压回收装置对线路板进行了回收试验，分析了其回收机理。通过正交试验对回收过程中的四个影响因素进行了筛选，利用响应面法研究了其中三个最主要的因素：温度、时间和溶剂（水）的加入量，建立了线路板分层效果的多元二次模型方程，分析了线路板的最优回收工艺。结果表明，在250～290℃的温度范围内，超临界CO2流体回收线路板的最佳条件是温度为288℃、时间为222min、加水量为148mL、压力为20MPa.

Mechanism of different particle sizes of quartz activated by metallic ion in butyl xanthate solution

To investigate effect of metallic ion activation on different particle sizes of quartz in butyl xanthate solution,six common ions(Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+),Fe^(3+),Fe^(2+),Mg^(2+) and Ca^(2+)) were introduced as activators.The approaches of micro-flotation,adsorption test and zeta potential measurement were adopted to reveal the mechanism of ion activation.The results show that Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Fe^(3+) are effective activators for the flotation of quartz in butyl xanthate solution because of their absorption on activated quartz surface.Average recoveries of fine particles(<37 μm) are greater than those of coarser particles(37-74 μm),suggesting that the former is easier to be activated and more likely to be floated and thus entrained in sulphide concentrate.From another perspective,addition of metallic ions(Pb^(2+),Cu^(2+) and Fe^(3+)) renders zeta potentials move positively,and addition of the same metallic ions and butyl xanthate makes zeta potential drop apparently,which support a mechanism where they adsorb onto quartz surface,resulting in an expected increase in butyl xanthate collector adsorption with a concomitant increase in the flotation recoveries.

Cobalt recovery and microspherical cobalt tetroxide preparation from ammonia leaching solution of spent lithium-ion batteries

A process for recovering Co and preparing microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)through NH_(3)distillation and phase transformation from ammoniacal solution was investigated.As the basis of thermodynamics,the solubility of Co at different NH_(3)and CO_(3)^(2-)concentrations was studied,and then the effects of different NH_(3)distillation conditions on Co recovery rate were discussed.Over 94%Co and 96%NH_(3)were recovered through NH_(3)distillation,and the cobalt was precipitated in form of cobalt carbonate ammonium compound salt.Through the analysis of the formation mechanism of the precursor,the precipitation process of cobalt could be divided into two stages,and the cobalt precipitation rate was significantly accelerated in the second stage.In phase transformation,the effect of temperature on the roasted product was investigated.The microspherical Co_(3)O_(4)with a microporous structure was prepared at 300°C,and Co_(3)O_(4)with a mesoporous structure and high-spin state was obtained at 750°C.

The Fouling Mechanism of Ceramic Membranes Used for Recovering TS-1 Catalysts

Ceramic ultrafiltration membranes were used to separate titanium silicalite-1 （TS-1） catalysts from the slurry of catalytic ammoximation of cyclohexanone to oxime. Silica was shown to have a great effect on membrane fouling in the alkaline environment of this system. In the ammoximation system, there are three main silica sources, which are residual silica on the catalyst particles surface during preparation, silica dissolved from TS-1 catalyst particles by ammonia solvent, and silica sol added into the reaction slurry to inhibit the dissolution erosion of the TS-1 catalyst. The silica dissolved by ammonia has been proved to influence membrane fouling most among the three silica sources. This was because the amount of silica dissolved by ammonia was the largest, and the polymerization of silica monomers at high concentration caused colloid particles formation, which led to a dense cake layer depositing on the membrane surface. Meanwhile, the size reduction of catalyst particles caused by alkaline dissolution also increased specific resistances of cake layers.

RECOVERY OF URANIURN FROM CARBONATE SOLUTIONS USING STRONGLY BASIC ANION EXCHANGER 3. THE MECHANISMS OF RECOVERY PROCESSES

A moving boundary model under considering the volume change of spherical resin beads during ion exchange processes was employed to recognize the mechanisms of recovering uranium from carbonate solutions using strongly basic anion exchanger Two important factors, swelling and ion exchange, which directly affect the volume of ion exchangers were taken into account. An ion exchange mechanism has been found for the forward reaction RCl/[UO2 CO3)3]4- at pH 8.5～10.0, where the rate is controlled by liquid-film diffusion at low concentration of the tetravalent uranyl complex anion [UO2 (CO3)3]4-, and is partical diffusion governing at high concentration of the complex anion. The mechanism of RCl/U(Ⅳ) at pH 5. 5～7. 5 is a chemical reaction taking place at the moving boundary of the unreacted nucleus. For the reverse reaction RnU/NaCl, the uranyl tricarbonate complex anion in the resin phase is replaced by Cl- ions with an ion exchange mechanism always determined by particle diffusion. The other forms of uranium in the solid phase loaded on the resin at pH 5. 5～7. 5 should belong to non-exchangeable uranium. The mechanism of the reverse reaction RnU/HCl is always chemical reaction which is not restricted to the moving boundary of the unreacted core.

吸附菌回收废水中染料的技术研究

浙江林学院承担的浙江省科技攻关项目“吸附菌回收废水中染料的工艺和设备研究”（2005C33046），经过三年多的试验研究与实际应用，取得了较大进展，于2008年11月通过了浙江省相关管理机构的验收。项目组从印染厂废水生化处理池中筛选出四株对直接染料、分散染料和活性染料具有高效吸附作用的真菌，研究了开放体系下这四株菌对直接染料、分散染料和活性染料的吸附脱色效果，探讨了吸附菌吸附回收废水中染料的作用机理及吸附在菌体中染料的回收机理，开发出了吸附菌吸附回收废水中染料的工艺及关键设备，并通过高密度发酵技术及低温干燥技术开发出含染料废水脱色菌剂的产品。发表相关科研论文6篇。

Energy Recovery from MSW Treatment by Gasification and Melting Technology

The increase of waste production, joined to the difficulties concerning both the identification of new disposal sites and the construction of big conventional incinerators, led in recent years to the development of new technologies for waste management such as gasification and melting treatments. The possibility to introduce in the Italian context the DMS （direct melting system） technology, designed and manufactured by Nippon Steel Engineering Co. Ltd., has been taken into account for the scope of proposed work. DMS technology consists in MSW gasification, slags melting and combustion of the syngas produced, with the consequent generation of electric energy through a steam cycle. The system minimizes environmental impact, thanks to an effective recycling of useful resources such as inert melted slags and metals, featuring high flexibility in terms of treatment capacity due to its modular design. The aim of this article is to consider different plant configurations in order to optimize the energy recovery downstream the DMS module. As a case study, landfill gas exploitation integrated in the DMS plant will be considered as a typical situation that could occur in the Italian scenario. The energetic input provided by the biogas allows improving the thermo-economic performances according to market incentives.

酒钢提高转炉煤气回收量的探讨

根据酒精炼钢厂转炉煤气回收的实绩剖析和对不同工况下转炉煤气气量产生的推算，以及对回收系统的配套技术改造和更新，认为，提高转炉煤气回收量的途径是：改进吹氧枪，加大枪头直径，取消副孔，这样可提高煤气中的一氧化碳含量；安装煤气自动分析仪和三通阀安全控制开关，这样可变被动回收为主动回收，使转炉煤气回收时间提高到平均１２ｍｉｎ，比手动回收时间提高１￣１．２倍，并且安全可靠；增设系统配套设施。