从系统自组织理论看词义回源现象

本文将自然科学中的系统自组织理论和语言系统联系起来,分析了词汇变迁中的回源现象。用系统自组织理论诠释了“回源词”的形成过程,为当前词汇研究提供了一个全新的视角,并从词汇系统的开放性和语言的经济性两方面对回源词进行了系统自组织的深层分析。最后文章结合具体实例,探讨回源词语的构成形式。

Industrial utilization of arsenic-containing gold dressing tailings as pellet prepared by straight grate process

The utilization of arsenic-containing gold dressing tailings is an urgent issue faced by gold production companies worldwide.The thermodynamic analysis results indicate that ferrous arsenate(FeAsO_(4)),pyrite(FeS_(2))and sodium cyanide(NaCN)in the arsenic-containing gold metallurgical tailings can be effectively removed using straight grate process,and the removal of pyrite and sodium cyanide is basically completed during the preheating stage,while the removal of ferrous arsenate requires the roasting stage.The pellets undergo a transformation from magnetite to hematite during the preheating process,and are solidified through micro-crystalline bonding and high-temperature recrystallization of hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3))during the roasting process.Ultimately,pellets with removal rates of 80.77% for arsenic,88.78% for sulfur,and 99.88% for cyanide are obtained,as well as the iron content is 61.1% and the compressive strength is 3071 N,meeting the requirements for blast furnace burden.This study provides an industrially feasible method for treating arsenic-containing gold smelting tailings,benefiting gold production enterprises.

基于家庭宽带的互联网电视应用网间视频流量优化方案

互联网电视是主要的家庭宽带类应用,互联网电视业务的质量某种程度上代表了宽带网络服务的运行质量。本文阐述了统一回源技术在基于家庭宽带的互联网电视应用中优化网间视频流量的效果,提升了网间访问互联网电视内容的质量,降低了网间结算成本。

基于ATS的直播加速缓存系统设计

由于网络直播快速发展和在线用户数量过大,服务器容易出现过载状态,响应速度也随之下降,直播卡顿和延时问题成为了困扰大多数用户的问题。因此提出,基于ATS(apache traffic server),采用Boost库开发插件并搭建网络代理服务器,通过重定向服务器将用户的直播请求导入ATS服务器,ATS以异步处理和并发的方式处理用户请求。当多个用户请求同一个直播资源时,ATS缓存系统只需要回源一次,并把数据输出给多个用户,有效地减少了广域网和源站服务器的负载,提高了直播数据的传输效率。实验结果表明,ATS缓存加速系统可以解决直播的卡顿和延时问题。

全方位优化NDC系统,降低运营商出口成本

目前NDC系统已经成为运营商用于减少用户流量出网,降低用户网络访问延时的最重要手段,可以帮助运营商有效控制出口结算成本以及提升用户使用感知。本文将根据日常网络优化案例中总结出的NDC系统优化经验,从系统网络、资源配置、完善系统优化体系3个方面阐述如何有效提升NDC系统的贡献流量、服务质量以及如何在长期的维护工作中保持NDC系统质量的稳定和提升。

融合CDN网络实现概述

为了解决流媒体数据在骨干网络中造成的瓶颈问题,融合CDN技术应运而生,融合CDN采用融合架构,凭借其优质的节点网络,可监控、智能化的调度机制、灵活可靠的路由策略和业务质量监控等技术使得用户可以在多种终端上享受高质量的视频观看和网页浏览体验。

广电互动电视CDN系统快速转存推流技术

利用无差错TCP传输协议缩短视频推流服务器到与IPQAM间UDP协议的传输距离,并结合内存快速转存服务器,设计一种新型的广电互动电视CDN架构以及视频推流方式。本文阐述了设计的思路、架构和转存推流技术内容。

Load prediction of grid computing resources based on ARSVR method

Based on the monitoring and discovery service 4 （MDS4） model, a monitoring model for a data grid which supports reliable storage and intrusion tolerance is designed. The load characteristics and indicators of computing resources in the monitoring model are analyzed. Then, a time-series autoregressive prediction model is devised. And an autoregressive support vector regression（ ARSVR） monitoring method is put forward to predict the node load of the data grid. Finally, a model for historical observations sequences is set up using the autoregressive （AR） model and the model order is determined. The support vector regression（SVR） model is trained using historical data and the regression function is obtained. Simulation results show that the ARSVR method can effectively predict the node load.

Identification and fermentation optimization of protopectinase-overproducing strain Aspergillus niger CD-01 for pectin production

In order to solve the citrus peel resource waste problem protopectinase-overproducing strain CD-01 for pectin production and minimize the drawbacks of chemical extraction of pectin, a was isolated from a pit soil dumped with perished orange in Changde City, Hunan Province of China. The strain CD-01 had the same morphology and 28S rRNA gene sequence （FJ184995） as that of Aspergillus niger （ATCC 64028）. It was thus identified and named as Aspergillus niger CD-01. The fermentation condition was optimized based on L9（34） orthogonal experimental design and the variances analyses. The results show that the optimal condition for producing pectin is as follows： time 36 h, temperature 35 ℃, pH 5, and urea as the nitrogen source. Under this condition, the pectin yield can reach up to 24.5%. This shows a great potential of Aspergillus niger CD-01 in pectin extraction from citrus.

Seven Decades of China's Energy Industry Development:Retrospect and Outlook

China’s coal,petroleum,natural gas and electric power industries are in different stages.Coal has a falling share in China’s energy mix,and clean coal is on the rise.While China’s petroleum production stagnates,the natural gas and electric power industries are developing rapidly.Amid the changing energy industries,China’s energy regulatory system has evolved from vertical to integrated management,and energy administrative and supervisory functions have become integrated over time.These changes have played different roles during specific periods,either enhancing or hampering a highefficient development of China’s energy industry.Over the past seven decades,China’s energy industry has acquired important capabilities to support the nation’s social and economic development.With industrial prowess in clean energy and energy efficiency,China has become a leader in global low-carbon and clean energy transition.In the future,China'should attach great importance to the adverse short-term effects of energy transition on its energy security.By deepening energy institutional reform,China'should enhance its energy security through energy transition.

A promising method for recovery of LiMn_(2)O_(4) and graphite from waste lithium-ion batteries: Roasting enhanced flotation

In this study,a roasting enhanced flotation process was proposed to recover LiMn_(2)O_(4) and grapite from waste lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The effects of roasting temperature and time on the surface modification was investigated,and a series of analytical technologies were used to reveal process mechanism.The results indicate that LiMn_(2)O_(4) can be effectively separated from graphite via flotation after the roasting.The flotation grade of LiMn_(2)O_(4) was significantly increased from 63.10%to 91.36%after roasting at 550℃for 2 h.The TG-DTG analysis demonstrates that the difficulty in flotation separation of LiMn_(2)O_(4) from graphite is caused by the organic binder and electrolytes coating on their surfaces.The XRD,SEM,XPS,and contact angle analyses confirm that the organic films on the surfaces of those materials can be effectively removed by roasting,after which the wettability of LiMn_(2)O_(4) is regained and thus the surface wettability difference between the cathode and anode materials is increased significantly.The closed-circuit flotation test indicates that a LiMn_(2)O_(4) sample with high grade of 99.81%is obtained,while the recovery of LiMn_(2)O_(4) is as high as 99.40%.This study provides an economical and eco-friendly way to recycling waste LIBs.

Recycling waste crystalline-silicon solar cells: Application as high performance Si-based anode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Recycling useful materials such as Ag, Al, Sn, Cu and Si from waste silicon solar cell chips is a sustainable project to slow down the ever-growing amount of waste crystalline-silicon photovoltaic panels. However, the recovery cost of the above-mentioned materials from silicon chips via acid-alkaline treatments outweights the gain economically.Herein, we propose a new proof-of-concept to fabricate Si-based anodes with waste silicon chips as raw materials.Nanoparticles from waste silicon chips were prepared with the high-energy ball milling followed by introducing carbon nanotubes and N-doped carbon into the nanoparticles, which amplifies the electrochemical properties. It is explored that Al and Ag elements influenced electrochemical performance respectively. The results showed that the Al metal in the composite possesses an adverse impact on the electrochemical performance. After removing Al, the composite was confirmed to possess a pronounced durable cycling property due to the presence of Ag, resulting in significantly more superior property than the composite having both Al and Ag removed.

Sustainable development and upgrading mode of coal industry in China

It is an emerging realistic problem on how to promote a high level of technology in the coal industry, find new upgrading powers and create new competitive advantages, which are also the core problems to efficient transformation pattern of economic growth for coal industry in the ''twelfth five-year'' period, involving the key to China's energy supply and energy security. Through field surveys and inductive analyses, analyzing of the content of upgrading the coal industry as an entry point, this paper analyzes the sustainable development mechanisms for the coal industry from the aspects of work force, power, methods, goals, and so on; and puts forward corresponding developmental modes according to the mechanisms which can improve resource recovery and mineral resources utilization rates by putting them into practice.

Application of coal-water slurry on the rotary calcining kiln of pedgion magnesium reduction process

Energy saving has been an important concept in modern industry especially to the countries and regions with energy shortage such as China and Japan. Utilization of Coal-Water Slurry （CWS） can improve the burning efficiency of coal and reduce the pollutions of soot, sulfide and the nitride by burning lump coal directly. The CWS is a promising energy saving technique and the effectual substitute of oil. The study on the preparation and application of the CWS has made progresses in many aspects. The present paper studied the basal problems for applying the CWS on the rotary kilns during the calcining-dolomite process in the magnesium factory, summarized the key points for the application process of the CWS and gave the corresponding solutions.

Energy and Water Optimization in Biofuel Plants

In this paper we address the topic of energy and water optimization in the production of bioethanol from corn and switchgrass. We show that in order for these manufacturing processes to be attractive,there is a need to go beyond traditional heat integration and water recycling techniques. Thus,we propose a strategy based on mathe-matical programming techniques to model and optimize the structure of the processes,and perform heat integration including the use of multi-effect distillation columns and integrated water networks to show that the energy effi-ciency and water consumption in bioethanol plants can be significantly improved. Specifically,under some circum-stances energy can even be produced and the water consumption can be reduced below the values required for the production of gasoline.

Water harvesting experiences from the southern and eastern Africa rainwater network

This paper shares experiences of the southern and eastern Africa rainwater network on rainwater harvesting.It also shares the lessons drawn from policy research awareness creation and networking building of national networks and assessment of promising water harvesting techniques in the Sub-Saharan Africa.The concerted promotional effort of the southern and eastern Africa rainwater network has resulted in the general acceptance of rainwater harvesting as a viable option for boosting domestic water supply agricultural production and environmental sustainability.To date twelve nationally registered rainwater harvesting associations have been established which are providing leadership and capacity building in rainwater harvesting.Governments and donors are also aligning their policies towards providing increased financial institutional and technical support for upscaling rainwater-harvesting techniques. This paper concludes that diligent land and water management is necessary for yielding the highest benefits from rainwater.In addition to enabling policies and institutions there must be ample budgetary support to increase adoption of the technology.

Predicting heartbeat arrival time for failure detection over internet using auto-regressive exogenous model

Predicting heartbeat message arrival time is crucial for the quality of failure detection service over intemet. However, intemet dynamic characteristics make it very difficult to understand message behavior and accurately predict heartbeat arrival time. To solve this problem, a novel black-box model is proposed to predict the next heartbeat arrival time. Heartbeat arrival time is modeled as auto-regressive process, heartbeat sending time is modeled as exogenous variable, the model＇ s coefficients are estimated based on the sliding window of observations and this result is used to predict the next heartbeat arrival time. Simulation shows that this adaptive auto-regressive exogenous （ARX） model can accurately capture heartbeat arrival dynamics and minimize prediction error in different network environments.

Redox behavior of indium in molten chlorides

An electrochemical study on the redox behavior of indium in the eutectic LiCl-KCl system at 450 ℃ was carried out with the transient techniques of cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry on an inert molybdenum electrode. The reduction of In(Ⅲ) was found to be a two-step process involving In(Ⅲ)/In(Ⅰ) and In(Ⅰ)/In couples at the potentials of about-0.4 and-0.8 V versus Ag/AgCl, respectively. The redox mechanism was further confirmed by the theoretical evaluation of the number of transferred electrons based on cyclic voltammetry and characterizations of the precipitates generated by the potentiostatic electrolysis. The diffusion coefficients of indium ions in the eutectic LiCl-KCl melt at 450 ℃ were estimated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry. The results obtained through the two methods are in fair agreement, delivering an average diffusion coefficient of approximately 1.8×10^(-5)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅲ), and 1.4×10^(-4)cm^(2)/s for In(Ⅰ).

Tungsten Resource-Saving： Cobalt Cermets Wastes Recycling and Concentrates Extraction

Potentials range is determined in which the cobalt-tungsten alloy phase selectively dissolved in solutions of phosphoric acid to form soluble compounds of these metals, while the tungsten carbide phase remains in the precipitate. It shows that tungsten ores and concentrates are decomposed at 1,050℃-1,100℃ in sodium chloride-sodium metasilicate melts to form two immiscible phases, namely, halide-tungstate, containing 96% to 99% of tungsten, and silicate, containing 90% of the rest ore components.