日粮纤维对猪回肠微生物氮及微生物氨基酸流量的影响

采用5×5拉丁方设计,对5头大约克阉公猪(大约30kg)实施回盲肠瓣T型瘘管(PVCT)手术,用2,6 二氨基庚二酸(DAPA)标记法,测定以豆饼为基础的半纯合日粮中添加不同浓度的豌豆皮(4%、8%、12%)和纯稻壳(8%)对猪回肠微生物氮及微生物氨基酸流量的影响。结果表明:猪粪总氮中来源于微生物氮的量为74 53%～90 00%,回肠食糜氮中则为30 94%～50 26%;回肠食糜氨基酸流量中,有19 85%(脯氨酸)～51 42%(精氨酸)是来自微生物氨基酸;而微生物氨基酸在回肠内源性氨基酸流量中所占的比例较大,为30 49%(脯氨酸)～98 50%(亮氨酸)。豌豆皮与纯稻壳对猪回肠微生物的作用效果不尽相同,4%的豌豆皮与8%的纯稻壳的作用效果相似,而8%和12%的豌豆皮对猪回肠微生物的影响要高于8%的纯稻壳。

缺磷日粮添加有机酸对蛋鸡生产性能、脂代谢、磷利用率及回肠微生物组分的影响

试验旨在研究缺磷日粮添加有机酸对蛋鸡生产性能、脂代谢、磷利用率及回肠微生物组分的影响。选取健康、产蛋率相近的32周龄海兰褐蛋鸡1200只,试验采用2(低磷和高磷)×4(不添加有机酸、日粮分别添加5 g/kg柠檬酸、富马酸、丁酸)因子试验设计,试验分8组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只鸡。试验共进行12周(包含2周预饲期)。结果显示:日粮添加柠檬酸显著提高蛋重(P<0.05),缺磷日粮组显著降低蛋重(P<0.05),有机酸和日粮磷水平对产蛋率、蛋重和料蛋比的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.05)。磷缺乏日粮(不添加有机酸)显著降低蛋壳厚度(P<0.05),且有机酸和日粮磷水平对蛋壳厚度的影响有显著的交互效应(P<0.05)。日粮添加有机酸显著增加蛋鸡血清高密度脂蛋白水平(P<0.05),日粮磷水平和有机酸对蛋鸡血清胆固醇的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.05)。磷缺乏日粮显著降低蛋鸡胫骨灰分和钙的含量(P<0.05),磷缺乏日粮添加柠檬酸显著提高蛋鸡胫骨磷含量(P<0.05)。日粮添加柠檬酸和富马酸显著提高蛋鸡回肠乳酸杆菌含量(P<0.05)。结果表明:在本试验条件下,缺磷日粮添加柠檬酸和丁酸可提高蛋鸡产蛋率和蛋重,改善料重比。缺磷日粮添加有机酸可以提高蛋壳厚度及蛋鸡胫骨磷的含量。

Macleaya cordata helps improve the growth-promoting effect of chlortetracycline on broiler chickens

Chlortetracycline （CTC）, one kind of common antibiotic for prevention and treatment of various diseases, also exhibits good performance in accelerating the growth of livestock. Macleaya cordata, a traditional Chinese medicine, is usually used as a natural additive in livestock because of its anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, and pesticidal activity. In this work, we studied whether M. cordata helps regulate the growth-promoting effect of CTC on broiler chickens. It is demonstrated that M. cordata improves the growth-promoting effect of CTC on growth per- formance indices of broiler chickens, such as survival rate, daily weight, and feed to weight rate. M. cordata also delays the maximum of CTC residues in plasma. It may depend on the higher values of operational taxonomic unit （OTU） and the indices of o diversity driven by simultaneous use of CTC and M. cordata.