因“势”而动,势必精彩——以“法律为我们护航”为例

在生本理念下,教学活动必须立足学生实际展开已成为教师的共识。在教学的准备和实施阶段,准确把握学生的认知心理和能力并对其发展的“势”头做出预判,在此基础上因“势”而动,力求做到因“势”而谋、应“势”而融、乘“势”而导、顺“势”而引,可以有效提升教学的针对性和实效性,增强教学的灵活性和开放性,从而助力课堂走向精彩。

Ti/4H-SiC Schottky Barrier Diodes with Field Plate and B^+ Implantation Edge Termination Technology

This paper describes the fabrication and electrical characteristics of Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes （SBDs）. The ideality factor n = 1.08 and effective Schottky barrier heightφ= 1.05eV of the SBDs were measured with the method of forward current density-voltage （J-V）. A low reverse leakage current below 5.96 ×10^-3A/cm^2 at a bias voltage of - 1. 1kV was obtained. By using B^＋ implantation,an amorphous layer as the edge termination was formed. We used the PECVD SiO2 as the field plate dielectric. The SBDs have an on-state current density of 430A/cm^2 at a forward voltage drop of about 4V. The specific on-resistance Ro, was found to be 6. 77mΩ2 · cm^2 .

Differential Gene Expression Between Wheat Hybrids and Their Parental Inbreds in Primary Roots

To provide an insight into the molecular basis of heterosis, differential display of mRNA was used to analyze the difference of gene expression between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) heterotic hybrid A, nonheterotic hybrid B and their parental inbreds in the primary roots. By using 5′ end random primers in combination with three one-base-anchored primers, it was found that 22.5% and 22.9% of 877 total displayed cDNAs were differentially expressed between hybrid A, B and their parents, respectively. Both quantitative and qualitative differences in gene expression between hybrids and their parental inbreds were obvious, indicating that the patterns of gene expression in hybrids alter significantly as compared to their corresponding parents. On the other hand, by using MADS-box gene specific 5′ end primer for DDRT-PCR, we found that nearly all of the displayed cDNA fragments were polymorphic between hybrids and their parents, and major difference occurred in qualitative level, in which hybrid specific-expressed and silenced genes are the major two patterns, suggesting that MADS-box gene may be important for manifestation of differential gene expression and wheat heterosis. In comparison with our previous results by using seedling leaves, it is indicated that differential gene expression between hybrids and parents is dependent on the tissues tested, and more differentially expressed genes were observed in the primary roots than in the seedling leaves. Therefore, it is concluded that the expressions of both randomly displayed cDNAs and transcription factor genes, such as MADS-box, alter significantly between hybrids and their parents, which might be responsible for the observed heterosis.

The Development Status quo and Strategy of Aquatic Vegetables in Hunan

This paper reviews the development of aquatic vegetable production and research in Hunan. The advantages of aquatic vegetable industry in Hunan are discussed in detail on its location, brand, market, planting and processing. And the development strategies of the above-mentioned industry are further analyzed in the paper, such as variety resources, breeding and industrialization.

ANALYTICAL SOLUTIONS FOR A MODE Ⅲ CRACK IN PIEZOELECTRIC MATERIALS

A mode Ⅲ crack problem in a transversely isotropic piezoelectric material subjected to uniform loads at infinity is studied based on exact boundary conditions. The complex potential approach is used to reduce the problem to Hilbert problem. As a result, closed form field solutions in the piezoelectric material and inside the crack are presented. It is shown that the stresses and electric displacement have square root singularities at the crack tips, but the electric field is uniform everywhere in the material and equal to the remote applied one. It is also found that the electric displacement intensity factor depends on both material properties and the mechanical loads, but not the electric loads. Hence it may be concluded that the electric loads have no influence on the field singularities.

Spatial and environmental effects on plant communities in the Yellow River Delta, Eastern China

Types and structure of plant communities in the Yellow River Delta were investigated by using detrended canonical correspondence analyses （DCCAs） and a two-way indicator species analysis （TWINSPAN）. The distribution pattern and influential factors of the plant communities were also analyzed by testing elevation, slope, soil characteristics, longitude and latitude of 134 vegetation samples collected by representative plot sampling methods. Results showed that all the 134 vegetation samples could be divided into seven vegetation groups, separately dominated by Robinia pseucdoacacia, Imperata cylindrical, Miscanthus saccharifleus, Suaeda salsa, Aeluropus sinensis, Phragmites australis and Tamarix chinensis. The vegetation distribution pattern was mainly related to elevation, ground water depth and soil characteristics such as salinity and soluble potassium. Among the factors affecting distribution pattern of the plant communities, the species matrix explained by non-spatial environmental variation accounts for 45.2% of total variation. Spatial variation and spatial-structured environmental variation explain 11.8%, and 2.2%, respectively. Remained 40.8% of undetermined variation is attributed to biological and stochastic factors.

Understanding long-term memory in global mean temperature:An attribution study based on model simulations

Long-term memory(LTM)in the climate system has been well recognized and applied in different research fields,but the origins of this property are still not clear.In this work,the authors contribute to this issue by studying model simulations under different scenarios.The global mean temperatures from pre-industrial control runs(pi Control),historical(all forcings)simulations,natural forcing only simulations(Historical Nat),greenhouse gas forcing only simulations(Historical GHG),etc.,are analyzed using the detrended fluctuation analysis.The authors find that the LTM already exists in the pi Control simulations,indicating the important roles of internal natural variability in producing the LTM.By comparing the results among different scenarios,the LTM from the piControl runs is further found to be strengthened by adding natural forcings such as the volcanic forcing and the solar forcing.Accordingly,the observed LTM in the climate system is suggested to be mainly controlled by both the‘internal’natural variability and the‘external’natural forcings.The anthropogenic forcings,however,may weaken the LTM.In the projections from RCP2.6 to RCP8.5,a weakening trend of the LTM strength is found.In view of the close relations between the climate memory and the climate predictability,a reduced predictability may be expected in a warming climate.

Relationship Between Differential Gene Expression and Heterosis During Ear Development in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize （Zea raays L.） is one of the most important crops because of the remarkable properties of its hybrid, which is responsible for the high commercial value of hybrid maize. The genetic basis of heterosis （hybrid vigor） is not well understood. A differential display technique was performed to identify genes with differential expression across twelve maize inbred lines and thirty-three hybrids during ear development. An incomplete diallel design was used to investigate the relationship between the global framework of differential gene expression and heterosis. It was found that the genes belonging to MONO pattern （i.e., genes expressed in both parental lines and in hybrid） was the highest in percentage among the total five patterns and illustrated that the properties of differentially expressed genes are not entirely responsible for heterosis. Furthermore,a larger number of differentially expressed genes in hybrid, which serves as a major reservoir for generating novel phenotypes that exhibit heterosis of certain agronomic traits during early development and differentiation of maize ear. Moreover, there were some silent genesin hybrids that are responsible for the arrest or abortion of spikelets and for the increase in kernels weight.

Advances in Insect-resistant Transgenic Rice and Its Developing Tendency

Focusing on several commonly used insect resistance genes,we reviewed the advances in insect-resistant transgenic rice,and analyzed the problems and developing tendency in transgenic rice research in this paper.

Advantage of autologous blood transfusion in surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To evaluate the significance of autologous blood transfusion (AT) in reducing homologous blood transfusion (HT) in surgery for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS: The proportion of patients who received HT was compared between two groups determined by the time of AT introduction; period A (1991-1994, n = 93) and period B (1995-2000, n = 201). Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed in order to identify independent significant predictors of the need for HT. We also investigated the impact of AT and HT on long-term postoperative outcome after curative surgery for HCC. RESULTS: The proportion of patients with HT was significantly lower in period B than period A (18.9% vs 60.2%, P < 0.0001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified AT administration as a significant independent predictor of the need for HT (P < 0.0001). Disease-free survival in patients with AT was comparable to that without any transfusion. Multivariate analysis identified HT administration as an independent significant factor for poorer disease-free survival (P = 0.0380). CONCLUSION: AT administration significantly decreased the need for HT. Considering the postoperative survival disadvantage of HT, AT administration could improve the long-term outcome of HCC patients.

Factors influencing the establishment of dominance hierarchies of the grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus

Unlike other balistids, grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus occur in social groups in subtropical reef assemblages and have been noted to cooperate in capturing large crustacean prey. The objective of this study were to determine the structure of dominance hierarchies of these social groups and the factors that influence hierarchies of wild-caught grey triggerfish in a natu- ralistic setting. From observations of four groups of triggerfish （n = 19 fish） in both dyad and group （4 - 5 fish） settings, we provide a description of triggerfish behaviors and coloration patterns and an explanation of the social context in which suites of behaviors are used by dominant, middle-ranking, and subordinate fish. Sixteen behaviors and nine coloration patterns were noted for grey triggerfish. Grey triggerfish groups form linear hierarchies in both dyads and groups as measured by Landau＇s lndex of Linearity （h = 1.0 for Groups 1, 3, and 4 and h = 0.95 for Group 2 in dyads; h = 1.0 for all groups in group settings）. Dyadic hierarchies, however, were not necessarily good predictors of the hierarchies found in larger group settings, as they only predicted two of the four group hierarchies. Sex played no role in influencing status or behavior. Size had the greatest influence on domi- nance status, with larger fish being more dominant than smaller fish. An individual＇s dominance ranking influenced both body coloration and posture. These results suggest that color patterns and body postures may also be used by observers as an indicator of an individual＇s social status in groups [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 18-35, 2010].

Chaotic Ratchet Effect for Bose-Einstein Condensed Atoms in 1D Optical Lattices

The chaotic ratchet effect for Bos-Einstein condensed atoms in an optical lattice is investigated. By using the direct perturbation method we obtain the chaotic solution of the condensed system. Theoretical analysis reveals that the transport of the condensed atoms in the ratchet potential is a chaotic one, and corresponding numerical results agree well with the theoretical results.

Forecasting of Thunder/Lightning Potential

In this paper, the characteristics of thunderstorms in Zibo City were ana- lyzed. The thunderstorms could be divided into cold-front thunderstorm, upper trough （shear line） type thunderstorm and cold-vortex thunderstorm. We also screened out the atmosphere parameters that were highly correlated to the occurrence of thunder/ lightning. They were treated as the predictors. Each possible influencing factor was analyzed on the lightning day correspondingly. Their threshold values were also de- termined. Among them, the parameter that had the highest neutralizing capacity was treated as negative index. For different type of thunderstorm weather, the negative index was different. The application of negative indexes was also discussed. We hope to provide a valuable basis for the accurate forecasting of thunder/lightning.

Structure of Some 4f Rare Earth Liquid Metals --A Charged Hard Sphere Approach

A well-established pseodopotential is used to study the structure of some 4f rare earth liquid metals （Ce, Pr, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Yb）. The structure factor S（q）, pair distribution function g（r）, interatomic distance r1, and coordination number n1 are calculated using Charged Hard Sphere （CHS） reference system. To introduce the exchange and correlation effects, the local field correction due to Sarkar et al. （S） is applied. The present investigation is successful in generating the structural information of Ce, Pr, Eu, Gd, Tb, and Yb 4f rare earth liquid metals.

Incidental L2 Vocabulary Acquisition and Reading:Concerns,Progresses and Future Directions

There has been a consensus that vocabulary knowledge has become a major contributor to L2 learners'efficient communication and comprehension.Incidental vocabulary acquisition relates to lexical gains as a by-product resulting from accomplishing another activity which is not aimed at learning vocabulary.This article intends to provide a digest of research on incidental vocabulary acquisition over the past few decades by primarily focusing on related theoretical frameworks,possible explanatory variables mediating incidental vocabulary learning,and tasks targeted at enhancing incidental lexical growth.In line with analyses of findings yielded from an impressive number of illuminating studies conducted,this article calls for a diversification of efforts in relation to multi-word lexical items,multi-modal e-learning technologies,and insights from neuroscience that may warrant more scholarly attention.These possible areas would further enrich the current scope of L2 incidental vocabulary acquisition research.

Effects of Buddlejae Flos Granules on Inflammatory Factors TGF-β1,NF-κB,IL-10 and IL-12 in Lacrimal Gland Cells of Castrated Male Rabbits

Objective To observe the effects of Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland cells in castrated male rabbits. Methods A total of 30 New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group A: blank group;group B: model group;group C: Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules group;group D: placebo group;group E: testosterone group. Except for the group A, all rabbits were treated with bilateral testicular and epididymis resection before intervention. Rabbits in group C were administered with Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules (100 mg/kg), 3 times per day;Rabbits in group D were administered with normal saline, 3 times per day. Rabbits in group E were injected with testosterone propionate (0.5 mL/kg) in the thigh muscle, every 3 days. Schirmer I test (SIT) and break-up time (BUT) were measured on 1st day before modeling and 30th day after modeling. After 30 days of intervention, all rabbits were sacrificed. The removal lacrimal gland was stained in immunohistochemica staining. The expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue of each group was detected, and the structure of lacrimal gland was observed. Results The results of SIT and BUT showed that there was significant difference between group B and D compared with group A (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences between group C and E (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in the comparison of inflammatory factors TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 between group B and D (P > 0.05). There were significant differences between group B and D compared with other groups (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between group A, C and E (P > 0.05). Conclusions Buddlejae Flos (Mi Meng Hua,密蒙花) granules have an inhibitory effect on the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in castrated male rabbit lacrimal gland cells, and alleviate the inflammation of lacrimal gland tissue by inhibiting the expression of TGF-β1, NF-κB, IL-10 and IL-12 in lacrimal gland tissue, so as to treat dry eye.

16S rRNA Gene Phylogenesis of Culturable Predominant Bacteria from Diseased Apostichopus japonicus(Holothuroidea,Echinodermata)

Cultured Apostichopus japonicus in China suffers from a kind of skin ulceration disease that has caused severe economic loss in recent years. The disease,pathogens of which are supposed to be bacteria by most researchers,is highly infectious and can often cause all individuals in the same culture pool to die in a very short time. The 16S rRNA gene phylogenesis of the culturable bacteria from the lesions of diseased individuals was conducted to study the biodiversity of the bacterial communities in the lesions and to identify probable pathogen(s) associated with this kind of disease. S. japonica samples were selected from a hatchery located in the eastern part of Qingdao,China. Bacterial universal primers GM5F and DS907R were used to amplify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria colonies,and touchdown PCR was performed to amplify the target sequences. The results suggest that γ-proteobacteria(Alteromonadales and Vibrionales) of CFB group,many strains of which have been also determined as pathogens in other marine species,are the predominant bacterial genera of the diseased Apostichopus japonicus individuals.

Affecting Factors on Entrepreneurial Oriemation in the Industry

In the present age, entrepreneurship at the organizational level and entrepreneurial orientation at the individual level can be considered as competitive advantage in a new age. This study examines the affecting factors on entrepreneurial orientation in a sample of 248 employees in the industry. This article considered employees＇ entrepreneurial orientation as an dependent variable and emotional and organizational intelligences, as independent variables, which may be effected on entrepreneurial orientation. The results of data analysis by LISREL show that employees＇ willingness to act entrepreneurially increases when they have high emotional and organizational intelligences.

Carbon Emission Trends of Manufacturing and Influencing Factors in Jilin Province,China

This paper constructed a carbon emission identity based on five factors： industrial activity, industrial structure, energy inten- sity, energy mix and carbon emission parameter, and analyzed manufacturing carbon emission trends in Jilin Province at subdivided industrial level through Log-Mean Divisia Index （LMDI） method. Results showed that manufacturing carbon emissions of Jilin Province increased 1.304 ~ 107t by 66% between 2004 and 2010. However, 2012 was a remarkable year in which carbon emissions decreased compared with 2011, the first fall since 2004. Industrial activity was the most important factor for the increase of carbon emissions, while energy intensity had the greatest impact on inhibiting carbon emission growth. Despite the impact of industrial structure on carbon emissions fluctuated, its overall trend inhibited carbon emission growth. Further, influences of industrial structure became gradually stronger and surpassed energy intensity in the period 2009-2010. These results conclude that reducing energy intensity is still the main way for carbon emission reduction in Jilin Province, hut industrial structure can not be ignored and it has great potential. Based on the analyses, the way of manufacturing industrial structure adjustment for Jilin Province is put forward.

Expression of PKD2 gene in human renal tissue and other tissues

Objective: To study the expression of PKD2 gene in human kidney and other tissues. Methods: The expression of PKD2 was detected by reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization(ISH) . The results of ISH were analyzed by micromegakargooytes. Results: Distribution of pkd-2 in normal adult kidney was stronger in proximal convoluted tubule, Henle's loop ascending branch, distal convoluted tubule and cortical collecting ducts, and inferior signal were observed in fetal kidney. Negative was seen in ADPKD 2 kidney. Conclusion: Down-regulation of PKD2 gene expression in kidney may take effect on the occurrence and development of ADPKD2.