试析王船山“因人以成天”的历史哲学

王船山认为,言道必“以人为归”,尤其要落实为人文历史中的礼乐文明和治道,此即“非器则道无所丽以行”之说。然天道终究“不能代人以治”,必因乎人。“因人以成天”之人可分为两种类型:一是“在天子之位”之圣人,如尧舜福泽于民而与天同功。圣人之教无须位,而恒政、法制与理财等则必须位,教化与养民皆是天理的要求。二是非圣人之时君,如汉武帝攘夷拓土,使冥顽之地受到礼乐的沐浴。乾坤简易之道,在天为大公,凝性为仁义。简柔、仁义与公正,三者在本质上是一致的,措之于治就是“成天”的三个内容。船山藉“位”以实现外王的思想,是切于历史现实的考量,体现明末思想家经世致用的思想特征。

Can Adults Attain a Native-Like Accent in Their Second Language？

Second Language Acquisition （SLA） is influenced by many different factors. This paper attempts to discuss the age factor in SLA, particularly explores the learners＇ acquisition of accent. The author firstly introduces the topic and reviews the literature on Critical Period Hypothesis （CPH）. Then, the optimal age to attain the native-like accent is discussed. Finally, the author describes some other elements that influence the acquisition of accent and draws a natural conclusion that the topic in this paper needs more profound research.