Human factors engineering and quality management are different research branches in the field of industrial engineering.A basis for interaction based on the concepts and techniques of human factors engineering and qua...Human factors engineering and quality management are different research branches in the field of industrial engineering.A basis for interaction based on the concepts and techniques of human factors engineering and quality management with some practical examples of cooperative effect is defined in this paper.The specific challenges about the quality management in manufacturing and service are presented to demonstrate that the human factors analysis of quality problems leads to new tends for integrated development.展开更多
China is currently experiencing one of the most rapidly expanding HIV epidemics in the world. Although the overall prevalence rate is still low, with a population of 1.3 billion, high-risk factors which have contribut...China is currently experiencing one of the most rapidly expanding HIV epidemics in the world. Although the overall prevalence rate is still low, with a population of 1.3 billion, high-risk factors which have contributed to the HIV/AIDS epidemics worldwide continue to prevail in China, including a high rate of injecting drug use and needle sharing, commercial sex with low rates of condom use, and concurrent sex with both commercial sex workers and noncommercial casual or steady sex partners. In addition, there are increasing “double risk” populations overlapping drug users and sex workers, as well as increasing rates of STDs and HIV among high-risk populations. Sexual transmission, therefore, may serve as a bridge connecting high-risk populations with general populations. There is an urgent need to prevent the spread of HIV from these high-risk oooulations into the general oooulation of China.展开更多
Objective:This study aimed to identify factors predicting diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City,East Java,Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional design was used in this study....Objective:This study aimed to identify factors predicting diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City,East Java,Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional design was used in this study.Participants were selected from five primary health centers in Malang City,East Java,Indonesia using the multistage sampling method.A total of 127 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited.Data were collected by questionnaires which were the general diabetes knowledge,the Beliefs of Treatment Effectiveness,the Diabetes Distress Scale,the Self-efficacy for Diabetes Scale,the brief Chronic Illness Resources Survey,the Situational Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used toanalyze the data.Results:The scores of seven questionnaires(i.e,diabetes knowledge,perceived benefit of diabetes self-management,diabetes distress,perceived self-efficacy,social support,situational influence,and diabetes self-management)were 13.75±3.59,34.9±4.89,3.03±0.86,3.60±0.53,27.79±5.56,3.27±0.58,3.81±1.08,respectively.The significant predictors of diabetes self-management were treatment,perceived self-efficacy,and situational influences.These variables explained 20.8%(adjusted R^(2)=0.208)of the variance in diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City.Conclusion:Diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be improved by enhancing their perceived self-efficacy to achieve their self-management behavior,such as having a healthy diet,exercising regularly,actively monitoring blood glucose level,taking medication and foot care,and providing support to promote good situational influence.展开更多
Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, a...Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).展开更多
Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics o...Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83(0.74–0.93), 0.66(0.59–0.74), 0.55(0.48–0.61), 0.44(0.38–0.50) and 0.24(0.18–0.31), respectively(P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure(BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events(PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.展开更多
Changes in soil organic matter （SOM） can affect food security, soil and water conservation, and climate change. However, the drivers of changes in SOM in paddy soils of China are not fully understood because the eff...Changes in soil organic matter （SOM） can affect food security, soil and water conservation, and climate change. However, the drivers of changes in SOM in paddy soils of China are not fully understood because the effects of agricultural management and environmental factors are studied separately. Soil, climate, terrain, and agricultural management data from 6 counties selected based on representative soil types and cropping systems in China were used in correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and cforest modeling to analyze the drivers of changes in SOM in paddy soils in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain from 1980 to 2011. The aims of this study were to identify the main factors driving the changes in SOM and to quantitatively evaluate their individual impacts. Results showed that the paddy SOM stock in the study area increased by 12.5% at an average rate of 0.023 kg m-2 year-1 over the 31-year study period. As a result of long-term rice planting, agricultural management practices had a greater influence than soil properties, climate, and terrain. Among the major drivers, straw incorporation, the most influential driver, together with fertilization and tillage practices, significantly increased the accumulation of SOM, while an increase in temperature significantly influenced SOM decomposition. Therefore, to confront the challenge of rising temperatures, it is important to strengthen the positive effects of agricultural management. Rational fertilizer use for stabilizing grain production and crop straw incorporation are promising measures for potential carbon sequestration in this region.展开更多
Saframycin A(SFM-A),a tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae,shows potent anti-proliferation activities against a variety of tumor cell lines,and shares the core structure with ecteina...Saframycin A(SFM-A),a tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae,shows potent anti-proliferation activities against a variety of tumor cell lines,and shares the core structure with ecteinascidin 743(ET-743),the anticancer drug for soft-tissue sarcoma.Characterization of the SFM-A biosynthetic gene cluster revealed three nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes and a series of genes encoding oxygenases.To investigate the function of sfmO2 gene,encoding a FAD-dependent monooxygenase/hydroxylase,we constructed the gene replacement mutant(△sfmO2) strain S.lavendulae TL2007 and the corresponding gene complementation mutant strain S.lavendulae TL2008.A novel compound,SFM-O,was isolated from the △sfmO2 replacement mutant strain and its structure was characterized by comparison to the HRMS and NMR spectra of SFM-A.These findings indicated that SfmO2 is responsible for the oxidation of ring A in the biosynthetic pathway of SFM-A,and the new compound SFM-O could be considered as an advanced intermediate in the semisynthesis of ET-743.展开更多
Environmental problem is one of complicated social problems. According to the level of corporate environmental management, there are many influential factors, and their relations are also complicated. In this paper, w...Environmental problem is one of complicated social problems. According to the level of corporate environmental management, there are many influential factors, and their relations are also complicated. In this paper, we analyzed influential factors of corporate environmental management through consultation of experts. And based on the analysis, we applied interpretative structural modeling（ISM） to classify 13 influential factors into 3 levels. We hope it will be useful for the subsequent research and evaluation of corporate environmental management level.展开更多
文摘Human factors engineering and quality management are different research branches in the field of industrial engineering.A basis for interaction based on the concepts and techniques of human factors engineering and quality management with some practical examples of cooperative effect is defined in this paper.The specific challenges about the quality management in manufacturing and service are presented to demonstrate that the human factors analysis of quality problems leads to new tends for integrated development.
文摘China is currently experiencing one of the most rapidly expanding HIV epidemics in the world. Although the overall prevalence rate is still low, with a population of 1.3 billion, high-risk factors which have contributed to the HIV/AIDS epidemics worldwide continue to prevail in China, including a high rate of injecting drug use and needle sharing, commercial sex with low rates of condom use, and concurrent sex with both commercial sex workers and noncommercial casual or steady sex partners. In addition, there are increasing “double risk” populations overlapping drug users and sex workers, as well as increasing rates of STDs and HIV among high-risk populations. Sexual transmission, therefore, may serve as a bridge connecting high-risk populations with general populations. There is an urgent need to prevent the spread of HIV from these high-risk oooulations into the general oooulation of China.
文摘Objective:This study aimed to identify factors predicting diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City,East Java,Indonesia.Methods:A cross-sectional design was used in this study.Participants were selected from five primary health centers in Malang City,East Java,Indonesia using the multistage sampling method.A total of 127 adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus were recruited.Data were collected by questionnaires which were the general diabetes knowledge,the Beliefs of Treatment Effectiveness,the Diabetes Distress Scale,the Self-efficacy for Diabetes Scale,the brief Chronic Illness Resources Survey,the Situational Questionnaire and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care Activities.A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data.Multiple linear regression with stepwise method was used toanalyze the data.Results:The scores of seven questionnaires(i.e,diabetes knowledge,perceived benefit of diabetes self-management,diabetes distress,perceived self-efficacy,social support,situational influence,and diabetes self-management)were 13.75±3.59,34.9±4.89,3.03±0.86,3.60±0.53,27.79±5.56,3.27±0.58,3.81±1.08,respectively.The significant predictors of diabetes self-management were treatment,perceived self-efficacy,and situational influences.These variables explained 20.8%(adjusted R^(2)=0.208)of the variance in diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Malang City.Conclusion:Diabetes self-management among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus could be improved by enhancing their perceived self-efficacy to achieve their self-management behavior,such as having a healthy diet,exercising regularly,actively monitoring blood glucose level,taking medication and foot care,and providing support to promote good situational influence.
文摘Although a number of cases of hepatotoxicity are associated with the use of Hydroxycut weight management products, it has been alleged that their effects are primarily due to the presence of hydroxycitric acid (HCA, as Super CitriMax) in the formulations. However, while these products contain up to 20 different ingredients, some do not contain HCA. Case studies reported to date have not considered in depth the literature on the numerous animal and human studies that have been conducted on the safety and effi cacy of HCA. No HCA-associated hepatotoxicity or treatment-related adverse effects have been reported in these studies, and thus it is premature to make the assumptions presented in the recent case studies regarding Hydroxycut. If it is established in well controlled studies that the use of these formulations with and/or without HCA can result in the occurrence or progression of hepatotoxicity, additional studies should be conducted to characterize the causative factor(s).
基金supported by grants from the CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (2017-12M-1-004)Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2017YFC0211700)National Natural Science Foundation of China (91643208)
文摘Existing evidence on the relationship between cardiovascular health(CVH) metrics and cardiovascular disease(CVD) was primarily derived from western populations. We aimed to evaluate the benefits of ideal CVH metrics on preventing incident atherosclerotic CVD(ASCVD) in Chinese population. This study was conducted among 93,987 adults from the China-PAR project(Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China) who were followed up until 2015. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratios(HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals(CIs) of CVH metrics for the risk of ASCVD, including coronary heart disease(CHD), stroke and ASCVD death. We further estimated the population-attributable risk percentage(PAR%) of these metrics in relation to each outcome. We observed gradient inverse associations between the number of ideal CVH metrics and ASCVD incidence. Compared with participants having ≤2 ideal CVH metrics, the multivariable-adjusted HRs(95% CIs) of ASCVD for those with 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 ideal CVH metrics were 0.83(0.74–0.93), 0.66(0.59–0.74), 0.55(0.48–0.61), 0.44(0.38–0.50) and 0.24(0.18–0.31), respectively(P for trend <0.0001). Approximately 62.1% of total ASCVD, 38.7% of CHD, 66.4% of stroke, and 60.5% of ASCVD death were attributable to not achieving all the seven ideal CVH metrics. After adjusting effects of ideal health factors, having four ideal health behaviors could independently bring adults health benefits in preventing 17.4% of ASCVD, 18.0% of CHD, 16.7% of stroke, and 10.1% of ASCVD death. Among all the seven CVH metrics, to keep with ideal blood pressure(BP) implied the largest public health gains against various ASCVD events(PAR% between 33.0% and 47.2%), while ideal diet was the metric most difficult to be achieved in the long term. Our study indicates that the more ideal CVH metrics adults have, the less ASCVD burden there is in China. Special efforts of health education and behavior modification should be made on keeping ideal BP and dietary habits in general Chinese population to prevent the epidemic of ASCVD.
文摘Changes in soil organic matter （SOM） can affect food security, soil and water conservation, and climate change. However, the drivers of changes in SOM in paddy soils of China are not fully understood because the effects of agricultural management and environmental factors are studied separately. Soil, climate, terrain, and agricultural management data from 6 counties selected based on representative soil types and cropping systems in China were used in correlation analysis, analysis of variance, and cforest modeling to analyze the drivers of changes in SOM in paddy soils in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain from 1980 to 2011. The aims of this study were to identify the main factors driving the changes in SOM and to quantitatively evaluate their individual impacts. Results showed that the paddy SOM stock in the study area increased by 12.5% at an average rate of 0.023 kg m-2 year-1 over the 31-year study period. As a result of long-term rice planting, agricultural management practices had a greater influence than soil properties, climate, and terrain. Among the major drivers, straw incorporation, the most influential driver, together with fertilization and tillage practices, significantly increased the accumulation of SOM, while an increase in temperature significantly influenced SOM decomposition. Therefore, to confront the challenge of rising temperatures, it is important to strengthen the positive effects of agricultural management. Rational fertilizer use for stabilizing grain production and crop straw incorporation are promising measures for potential carbon sequestration in this region.
基金supported in part by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(20832009,and 20921091)the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Open Funding Project of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering
文摘Saframycin A(SFM-A),a tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces lavendulae,shows potent anti-proliferation activities against a variety of tumor cell lines,and shares the core structure with ecteinascidin 743(ET-743),the anticancer drug for soft-tissue sarcoma.Characterization of the SFM-A biosynthetic gene cluster revealed three nonribosomal peptide synthetase genes and a series of genes encoding oxygenases.To investigate the function of sfmO2 gene,encoding a FAD-dependent monooxygenase/hydroxylase,we constructed the gene replacement mutant(△sfmO2) strain S.lavendulae TL2007 and the corresponding gene complementation mutant strain S.lavendulae TL2008.A novel compound,SFM-O,was isolated from the △sfmO2 replacement mutant strain and its structure was characterized by comparison to the HRMS and NMR spectra of SFM-A.These findings indicated that SfmO2 is responsible for the oxidation of ring A in the biosynthetic pathway of SFM-A,and the new compound SFM-O could be considered as an advanced intermediate in the semisynthesis of ET-743.
文摘Environmental problem is one of complicated social problems. According to the level of corporate environmental management, there are many influential factors, and their relations are also complicated. In this paper, we analyzed influential factors of corporate environmental management through consultation of experts. And based on the analysis, we applied interpretative structural modeling（ISM） to classify 13 influential factors into 3 levels. We hope it will be useful for the subsequent research and evaluation of corporate environmental management level.
