AIM： To identify clinical parameters, and develop an Upper Gastrointesinal Bleeding （UGIB） Etiology Score for predicting the types of UGIB and validate the score. METHODS： Patients with UGIB who underwent endoscop...AIM： To identify clinical parameters, and develop an Upper Gastrointesinal Bleeding （UGIB） Etiology Score for predicting the types of UGIB and validate the score. METHODS： Patients with UGIB who underwent endoscopy within 72 h were enrolled. Clinical and basic laboratory parameters were prospectively collected. Predictive factors for the types of UGIB were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and were used to generate the UGIB Etiology Score. The best cutoff of the score was defined from the receiver operating curve and prospectively validated in another set of patients with UGIB. RESULTS： Among 261 patients with UGIB, 47 （18%） had variceal and 214 （82%） had non-variceal bleeding. Univariate analysis identified 27 distinct parameters significantly associated with the types of UGIB. Logistic regression analysis identified only 3 independent factors for predicting variceal bleeding; previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease （OR 22.4, 95% CI 8.3-60.4, P 〈 0.001）, red vomitus （OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.8-11.9, P = 0.02）, and red nasogastric （NG） aspirate （OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3-8.3, P = 0.011）. The UGIB Etiology Score was calculated from （3.1× previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease） ＋ （1.5× red vomitus） ＋ （1.2× red NG aspirate）, when 1 and 0 are used for the presence and absence of each factor, respectively. Using a cutoff ≥ 3.1, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value （PPV）, and negative predictive value （NPV） in predicting variceal bleeding were 85%, 81%, 82%, 50%, and 96%, respectively. The score was prospectively validated in cases （46 variceal and 149 another set of 195 UGIB non-variceal bleeding）. The PPV and NPV of a score ≥ 3.1 for variceal bleeding were 79% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSION： The UGIB Etiology Score, composed of 3 parameters, using a cutoff ≥ 3.1 accurately predicted variceal bleeding and may help to guide the choice of initial therapy for UGIB before endoscopy.展开更多
AIM： To identify the risk factors in predicting the out- come of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure pa- tients. METHODS： We retrospectively divided 113 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure-hepatitis ...AIM： To identify the risk factors in predicting the out- come of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure pa- tients. METHODS： We retrospectively divided 113 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure-hepatitis B virus （ACLF-HBV） and without concurrent hepatitis C or D virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma into two groups according to their outcomes after anti-HBV therapy. Their demographic, clinical, and biochemical data on the day of diagnosis and after the first week of treatment were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher＇s exact test, and a multiple logistic regres- sion analysis. RESULTS： The study included 113 patients （87 men and 26 women） with a mean age of 49.84 years. Fifty- two patients survived, and 61 patients died. Liver failure （85.2%）, sepsis （34.4%）, and multiple organ failure （39.3%） were the main causes of death. Mul- tivariate analyses showed that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE） Ⅱ scores ≥ 12 [odds ratio （OR） = 7.160, 95% CI： 2.834-18.092, P 〈 0.001] and positive blood culture （OR = 13.520, 95% CI： 2.740-66.721, P = 0.001） on the day of diagnosis and model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） scores 28 （OR = 8.182, 95% CI： 1.884-35.527, P = 0.005） after the first week of treatment were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION： APACHE II scores on the day of diag- nosis and MELD scores after the first week of anti-HBV therapy are feasible predictors of outcome in ACLF- HBV patients.展开更多
Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） is associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, the association between inflammation （as indexed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP） and endoth...Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） is associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, the association between inflammation （as indexed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP） and endothelial function [as indexed by big endothelin-1 （ET-1）] in AF patients remains unclear. Methods We enrolled 128 patients with lone AF, among which 83 had paroxysmal AF, and 45 had persistent AF. Eighty-two age- and gender-matched controls of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia without AF history were evaluated. Plasma hs-CRP, big ET-1 levels and other clinical characteristics were compared among the groups. Results Patients with persistent AF had higher hs-CRP concentrations than those with paroxysmal AF （P 〈 0.05）, both groups had higher hs-CRP level than controls （P 〈 0.05）. Patients with persistent AF had higher big ET-1 level than those with paroxysmal AF, although the difference did not reach the statistical significance （P 〉 0.05）, and both groups had higher big ET-1 levels than controls （P 〈 0.05）. Multiple regression analyses revealed hs-CRP as an inde- pendent determinant of AF （P 〈 0.001）. Further adjusted for big ET-1, both big ET-1 and hs-CRP were independent predictors for AF （P 〈 0.001）, but the odds ratio for hs-CRP in predicting AF attenuated from 8.043 to 3.241. There was a positive relation between hs-CRP level and big ET-1 level in paroxysmal AF patients （r = 0.563, P 〈 0.05）, however, the relationship in persistent AF patients was poor （r = 0.094, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Both plasma hs-CRP and big ET-1 levels are elevated in lone AF patients, and are associated with AF. In paroxysmal lone AF patients, there were significant positive correlations between plasma hs-CRP level and big ET- 1 level.展开更多
目的科学评价芙蓉李果实成熟期间的营养品质,建立色度值表观特征与营养品质的关系。方法以福建省主栽品种芙蓉李为研究对象,对其成熟期间果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、奎尼酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3...目的科学评价芙蓉李果实成熟期间的营养品质,建立色度值表观特征与营养品质的关系。方法以福建省主栽品种芙蓉李为研究对象,对其成熟期间果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、奎尼酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、多酚、黄酮、类胡萝卜素等13个品质指标进行分析和综合评价。结果芙蓉李成熟期间,各品质指标的含量变化存在显著差异(P<0.05),综合运用相关分析、因子分析、绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression,APCS-MLR)分析筛选可反映芙蓉李综合品质的主要指标。因子分析提取出3个主因子,贡献率分别为52.677%、23.468%、11.649%,累计贡献率为87.794%。综合APCS-MLR等数理统计分析,主因子1主要对果糖、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷贡献较大,贡献率分别为53.00%、73.85%、55.54%;主因子2主要对蔗糖、富马酸、果糖、柠檬酸的贡献率较大,分别为28.26%、18.70%、16.14%、15.59%;主因子3主要对多酚(29.13%)和黄酮(28.28%)有较大贡献率;选取3个主因子总贡献率高于60%的果糖、葡萄糖、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷作为综合品质评价的主要指标。分别对已筛选出的4个主要评价指标与色度值进行多元线性逐步回归分析,建立4个主要指标与色度值的表观预测模型,各模型均具有较好的拟合度,预测值与实测值的均方根误差较小;进一步验证结果表明,通过色度值对4个指标的预测具有较高的可靠性和准确性。结论本研究筛选出的主要指标及预测模型可更加简单、便捷地评价芙蓉李果实成熟期间的综合品质。展开更多
Capital structure decision is an important issue of corporate finance.Theories show that,the corporate debt ratio is determined by many factors.This study conducts empirical work on capital structure theories,focusing...Capital structure decision is an important issue of corporate finance.Theories show that,the corporate debt ratio is determined by many factors.This study conducts empirical work on capital structure theories,focusing on the corporate data of Chinese listed companies,by considering the intrinsic characteristics,utilizing the principal factor analysis and the ridge regression method.Our results suggest that a firms debt ratio has a positive relationship with its size,profitability and operating risk and has a negative relationship with its growth and non debt tax shield,while the long term leverage has a positive relationship with its collateral value of assets.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation w...[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.展开更多
Objective Both decreased glomemlar filtration rate （GFR） and arterial stiffness were considered as risk factors for atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested the association between central arterial stiffness...Objective Both decreased glomemlar filtration rate （GFR） and arterial stiffness were considered as risk factors for atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested the association between central arterial stiffness and the degree of GFR loss. Whether decreased GFR contributes to peripheral artery stiffness remains controversial. Moreover, data analyzed from a cohort of Chinese women are rare. Our aim was to explore the relationship between GFR and regional arterial stiffness in Chinese women. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we randomly recruited 1131 adult women residents with GFR 〉 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 estimated by the Chinese Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation from three large communities. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were estimated simultaneously by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （PWVcf） and carotid-radial PWV （PWVcr） using a validated automatic device. Augmentation Index at heart rate 75 beats/minutes （AIx-75） was measured by pulse wave analysis as a composite parameter reflecting both large and distal arterial properties. Results The mean estimated GFR （eGFR） of the study group was 100.05 ＋ 23.26 mL/minute per 1.73 m2. Subjects were grouped by tertiles of eGFR level. PWVef and AIx-75 increased ongoing from the top to the bottom eGFR tertile, while the values of PWVcr were comparable. Both univariate Pearson correlations and multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that eGFR significantly correlated to PWVcf, but not to PWVcr and AJx-75. Conclusions In Chinese women with normal to mildly impaired renal function, decreased eGFR affected carotid-to-femoral rather than carotid-to-radial stiffening. This provides rational to conduct future prospective studies to investigate predictors of atherosclerosis in this population.展开更多
Effect of with and without categorization of continuous variables on the number and nature of statistically significant predictors was examined while analyzing clinical trial data. The number of categories required to...Effect of with and without categorization of continuous variables on the number and nature of statistically significant predictors was examined while analyzing clinical trial data. The number of categories required to have consistent statistical inference was also explored. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis was employed with the dependent variable in the model may be a dichotomous/multi-category in nature while the independent variables （predictors） may be either continuous or categorical or ordinal. Real-life clinical trial data was used to answer the objectives. It was found that there was no hard and fast rule to categorize the continuous variables. Sometimes, it was observed that the set of significant predictors identified might change with the criteria of categorization. Certain variables without categorization produced too large odds ratios to interpret meaningfully. The nature as well as number of significant predictors altered with classification criteria often forcing the authors to categorize variables, it is recommended that the independent variables need not be coded, unless otherwise warranted. Coding is needed when the odds ratio is extremely high. In this situation, two or more categories, including regression analysis. median cut off point, will be sufficient to undertake the logistic展开更多
AIM： To create a rabbit model of pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the process. METHODS： Thirty-two specific pathogen-free male New Zealand rabbits were divid...AIM： To create a rabbit model of pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the process. METHODS： Thirty-two specific pathogen-free male New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups： （1） the normal control group （n = 10） was fed with standard diet for 12 wk; （2） the model group A （n = 11）; and （3） model group B （n = 11） were fed with a highfat diet （standard diet ＋ 10% lard ＋ 2% cholesterol） for 8 and 12 wk, respectively. Hepatic histological changes were observed and biochemical parameters as well as serum levels of adiponectin, interleukin （IL）-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α were measured. RESULTS： Typical histological hepatic lesions of NASH were observed in both model groups described as liver steatosis, liver inflammatory infiltration, cytologic ballooning, perisinusoidal fibrosis and overall fibrosis. Compared with the normal control group, there were significant increases in model groups A and B in weight gain （1097.2 ± 72.3, 1360.5± 107.6 vs 928.0 ±58.1, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）, liver weight （93.81±6.64, 104.6±4.42 vs 54.4±1.71, P 〈 0.01）, Lg （ALT） （1.9±0.29, 1.84± 0.28 vs 1.60±0.17, P 〈 0.01）, and Lg （TG） （1.03 ±0.24, 1.16 ±0.33 vs 0.00 ±0.16, P 〈 0.01）. Weight gain was much more in model group B than in model group A （1360.5± 107.6 vs 1097.2 ±72.3, P 〈 0.05）. But, there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the other indexes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines （IL-6 and TNF-α） increased in model group B compared with that of control and model group A （IL-6：1.86±0.21 vs 1.41 ±0.33, 1.38± 0.42, P 〈 0.01; TNF-α： 1.18±0.07 vs 0.66 ±0.08, 0.86 ±0.43, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）, whereas serum adiponectin and IL-10 decreased in model groups compared with that in the control （adiponectin： A： 21.87±4.84 and B： 21.48 ±4.60 vs 27.36 ±7.29, P 〈 0.05. IL-10： A： 1.72± 0.38 and B： 1.83 ±0.39 vs 2.26±0.24, P 〈 0.01）. Lg （TC） and the degree of liver fatty infiltration was an independent determinant of serum adiponectin level analyzed by stepwise multiple regressions, resulting in 29.4% of variances. CONCLUSION： This rabbit model produces the key features of pediatric NASH and may provide a realistic model for future studies. Adiponectin level partially reflects the severity of liver steatosis, but not the degree of liver inflammation.展开更多
文摘AIM： To identify clinical parameters, and develop an Upper Gastrointesinal Bleeding （UGIB） Etiology Score for predicting the types of UGIB and validate the score. METHODS： Patients with UGIB who underwent endoscopy within 72 h were enrolled. Clinical and basic laboratory parameters were prospectively collected. Predictive factors for the types of UGIB were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses and were used to generate the UGIB Etiology Score. The best cutoff of the score was defined from the receiver operating curve and prospectively validated in another set of patients with UGIB. RESULTS： Among 261 patients with UGIB, 47 （18%） had variceal and 214 （82%） had non-variceal bleeding. Univariate analysis identified 27 distinct parameters significantly associated with the types of UGIB. Logistic regression analysis identified only 3 independent factors for predicting variceal bleeding; previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease （OR 22.4, 95% CI 8.3-60.4, P 〈 0.001）, red vomitus （OR 4.6, 95% CI 1.8-11.9, P = 0.02）, and red nasogastric （NG） aspirate （OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.3-8.3, P = 0.011）. The UGIB Etiology Score was calculated from （3.1× previous diagnosis of cirrhosis or signs of chronic liver disease） ＋ （1.5× red vomitus） ＋ （1.2× red NG aspirate）, when 1 and 0 are used for the presence and absence of each factor, respectively. Using a cutoff ≥ 3.1, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value （PPV）, and negative predictive value （NPV） in predicting variceal bleeding were 85%, 81%, 82%, 50%, and 96%, respectively. The score was prospectively validated in cases （46 variceal and 149 another set of 195 UGIB non-variceal bleeding）. The PPV and NPV of a score ≥ 3.1 for variceal bleeding were 79% and 97%, respectively. CONCLUSION： The UGIB Etiology Score, composed of 3 parameters, using a cutoff ≥ 3.1 accurately predicted variceal bleeding and may help to guide the choice of initial therapy for UGIB before endoscopy.
基金Supported by Tri-Service General Hospital,No.TSGH-C101-137
文摘AIM： To identify the risk factors in predicting the out- come of acute-on-chronic hepatitis B liver failure pa- tients. METHODS： We retrospectively divided 113 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure-hepatitis B virus （ACLF-HBV） and without concurrent hepatitis C or D virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma into two groups according to their outcomes after anti-HBV therapy. Their demographic, clinical, and biochemical data on the day of diagnosis and after the first week of treatment were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher＇s exact test, and a multiple logistic regres- sion analysis. RESULTS： The study included 113 patients （87 men and 26 women） with a mean age of 49.84 years. Fifty- two patients survived, and 61 patients died. Liver failure （85.2%）, sepsis （34.4%）, and multiple organ failure （39.3%） were the main causes of death. Mul- tivariate analyses showed that Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation （APACHE） Ⅱ scores ≥ 12 [odds ratio （OR） = 7.160, 95% CI： 2.834-18.092, P 〈 0.001] and positive blood culture （OR = 13.520, 95% CI： 2.740-66.721, P = 0.001） on the day of diagnosis and model for end-stage liver disease （MELD） scores 28 （OR = 8.182, 95% CI： 1.884-35.527, P = 0.005） after the first week of treatment were independent predictors of mortality. CONCLUSION： APACHE II scores on the day of diag- nosis and MELD scores after the first week of anti-HBV therapy are feasible predictors of outcome in ACLF- HBV patients.
文摘Background Atrial fibrillation （AF） is associated with inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. However, the association between inflammation （as indexed by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, hs-CRP） and endothelial function [as indexed by big endothelin-1 （ET-1）] in AF patients remains unclear. Methods We enrolled 128 patients with lone AF, among which 83 had paroxysmal AF, and 45 had persistent AF. Eighty-two age- and gender-matched controls of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia without AF history were evaluated. Plasma hs-CRP, big ET-1 levels and other clinical characteristics were compared among the groups. Results Patients with persistent AF had higher hs-CRP concentrations than those with paroxysmal AF （P 〈 0.05）, both groups had higher hs-CRP level than controls （P 〈 0.05）. Patients with persistent AF had higher big ET-1 level than those with paroxysmal AF, although the difference did not reach the statistical significance （P 〉 0.05）, and both groups had higher big ET-1 levels than controls （P 〈 0.05）. Multiple regression analyses revealed hs-CRP as an inde- pendent determinant of AF （P 〈 0.001）. Further adjusted for big ET-1, both big ET-1 and hs-CRP were independent predictors for AF （P 〈 0.001）, but the odds ratio for hs-CRP in predicting AF attenuated from 8.043 to 3.241. There was a positive relation between hs-CRP level and big ET-1 level in paroxysmal AF patients （r = 0.563, P 〈 0.05）, however, the relationship in persistent AF patients was poor （r = 0.094, P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Both plasma hs-CRP and big ET-1 levels are elevated in lone AF patients, and are associated with AF. In paroxysmal lone AF patients, there were significant positive correlations between plasma hs-CRP level and big ET- 1 level.
文摘目的科学评价芙蓉李果实成熟期间的营养品质,建立色度值表观特征与营养品质的关系。方法以福建省主栽品种芙蓉李为研究对象,对其成熟期间果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、奎尼酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、富马酸、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、多酚、黄酮、类胡萝卜素等13个品质指标进行分析和综合评价。结果芙蓉李成熟期间,各品质指标的含量变化存在显著差异(P<0.05),综合运用相关分析、因子分析、绝对因子分析-多元线性回归(absolute principal component scores-multiple linear regression,APCS-MLR)分析筛选可反映芙蓉李综合品质的主要指标。因子分析提取出3个主因子,贡献率分别为52.677%、23.468%、11.649%,累计贡献率为87.794%。综合APCS-MLR等数理统计分析,主因子1主要对果糖、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷贡献较大,贡献率分别为53.00%、73.85%、55.54%;主因子2主要对蔗糖、富马酸、果糖、柠檬酸的贡献率较大,分别为28.26%、18.70%、16.14%、15.59%;主因子3主要对多酚(29.13%)和黄酮(28.28%)有较大贡献率;选取3个主因子总贡献率高于60%的果糖、葡萄糖、矢车菊素-3-芸香糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷作为综合品质评价的主要指标。分别对已筛选出的4个主要评价指标与色度值进行多元线性逐步回归分析,建立4个主要指标与色度值的表观预测模型,各模型均具有较好的拟合度,预测值与实测值的均方根误差较小;进一步验证结果表明,通过色度值对4个指标的预测具有较高的可靠性和准确性。结论本研究筛选出的主要指标及预测模型可更加简单、便捷地评价芙蓉李果实成熟期间的综合品质。
文摘Capital structure decision is an important issue of corporate finance.Theories show that,the corporate debt ratio is determined by many factors.This study conducts empirical work on capital structure theories,focusing on the corporate data of Chinese listed companies,by considering the intrinsic characteristics,utilizing the principal factor analysis and the ridge regression method.Our results suggest that a firms debt ratio has a positive relationship with its size,profitability and operating risk and has a negative relationship with its growth and non debt tax shield,while the long term leverage has a positive relationship with its collateral value of assets.
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore interrelationship between agricultural input and output in Jiangsu and the influence degrees of input factors on agricultur-al output. [Method] Quantitative analysis and evaluation were made on agricultural input and output in Jiangsu during 1990-2012 as per factor analysis and regression analysis. [Result] The result of factor analysis showed that since the 1990s, the comprehensive efficiency of agricultural input/output in Jiangsu was growing and in-put/output of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery, crop farming, and of food production were extracted, whose scores reflect the changes of input/output ef-ficiencies in terms of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, crop farming and food production in the two decades. The results of regression analysis indicated that the effects of the three indices on agricultural output tended to be volatile and the influence degrees were concluded also by regression parameters. [Conclusion] The research provides theoretical references for agricultural input/output structure in Jiangsu Province.
文摘Objective Both decreased glomemlar filtration rate （GFR） and arterial stiffness were considered as risk factors for atherosclerosis. Previous studies have suggested the association between central arterial stiffness and the degree of GFR loss. Whether decreased GFR contributes to peripheral artery stiffness remains controversial. Moreover, data analyzed from a cohort of Chinese women are rare. Our aim was to explore the relationship between GFR and regional arterial stiffness in Chinese women. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we randomly recruited 1131 adult women residents with GFR 〉 60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 estimated by the Chinese Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation from three large communities. Central and peripheral arterial stiffness were estimated simultaneously by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity （PWVcf） and carotid-radial PWV （PWVcr） using a validated automatic device. Augmentation Index at heart rate 75 beats/minutes （AIx-75） was measured by pulse wave analysis as a composite parameter reflecting both large and distal arterial properties. Results The mean estimated GFR （eGFR） of the study group was 100.05 ＋ 23.26 mL/minute per 1.73 m2. Subjects were grouped by tertiles of eGFR level. PWVef and AIx-75 increased ongoing from the top to the bottom eGFR tertile, while the values of PWVcr were comparable. Both univariate Pearson correlations and multiple stepwise regression analyses showed that eGFR significantly correlated to PWVcf, but not to PWVcr and AJx-75. Conclusions In Chinese women with normal to mildly impaired renal function, decreased eGFR affected carotid-to-femoral rather than carotid-to-radial stiffening. This provides rational to conduct future prospective studies to investigate predictors of atherosclerosis in this population.
文摘Effect of with and without categorization of continuous variables on the number and nature of statistically significant predictors was examined while analyzing clinical trial data. The number of categories required to have consistent statistical inference was also explored. Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis was employed with the dependent variable in the model may be a dichotomous/multi-category in nature while the independent variables （predictors） may be either continuous or categorical or ordinal. Real-life clinical trial data was used to answer the objectives. It was found that there was no hard and fast rule to categorize the continuous variables. Sometimes, it was observed that the set of significant predictors identified might change with the criteria of categorization. Certain variables without categorization produced too large odds ratios to interpret meaningfully. The nature as well as number of significant predictors altered with classification criteria often forcing the authors to categorize variables, it is recommended that the independent variables need not be coded, unless otherwise warranted. Coding is needed when the odds ratio is extremely high. In this situation, two or more categories, including regression analysis. median cut off point, will be sufficient to undertake the logistic
基金Supported by The funds for programs of Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science, No.Y2080047Major Programs of Zhejiang Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology & Chinese Ministry of Health, No.WKJ2008-2-026Special Major Programs of Zhejiang Provincial Science and Technology, No. 2008c03002-1
文摘AIM： To create a rabbit model of pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis （NASH） and to evaluate the role of adiponectin in the process. METHODS： Thirty-two specific pathogen-free male New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into three groups： （1） the normal control group （n = 10） was fed with standard diet for 12 wk; （2） the model group A （n = 11）; and （3） model group B （n = 11） were fed with a highfat diet （standard diet ＋ 10% lard ＋ 2% cholesterol） for 8 and 12 wk, respectively. Hepatic histological changes were observed and biochemical parameters as well as serum levels of adiponectin, interleukin （IL）-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor （TNF）-α were measured. RESULTS： Typical histological hepatic lesions of NASH were observed in both model groups described as liver steatosis, liver inflammatory infiltration, cytologic ballooning, perisinusoidal fibrosis and overall fibrosis. Compared with the normal control group, there were significant increases in model groups A and B in weight gain （1097.2 ± 72.3, 1360.5± 107.6 vs 928.0 ±58.1, P 〈 0.05, P 〈 0.01）, liver weight （93.81±6.64, 104.6±4.42 vs 54.4±1.71, P 〈 0.01）, Lg （ALT） （1.9±0.29, 1.84± 0.28 vs 1.60±0.17, P 〈 0.01）, and Lg （TG） （1.03 ±0.24, 1.16 ±0.33 vs 0.00 ±0.16, P 〈 0.01）. Weight gain was much more in model group B than in model group A （1360.5± 107.6 vs 1097.2 ±72.3, P 〈 0.05）. But, there was no significant difference between the two groups concerning the other indexes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines （IL-6 and TNF-α） increased in model group B compared with that of control and model group A （IL-6：1.86±0.21 vs 1.41 ±0.33, 1.38± 0.42, P 〈 0.01; TNF-α： 1.18±0.07 vs 0.66 ±0.08, 0.86 ±0.43, P 〈 0.01, P 〈 0.05）, whereas serum adiponectin and IL-10 decreased in model groups compared with that in the control （adiponectin： A： 21.87±4.84 and B： 21.48 ±4.60 vs 27.36 ±7.29, P 〈 0.05. IL-10： A： 1.72± 0.38 and B： 1.83 ±0.39 vs 2.26±0.24, P 〈 0.01）. Lg （TC） and the degree of liver fatty infiltration was an independent determinant of serum adiponectin level analyzed by stepwise multiple regressions, resulting in 29.4% of variances. CONCLUSION： This rabbit model produces the key features of pediatric NASH and may provide a realistic model for future studies. Adiponectin level partially reflects the severity of liver steatosis, but not the degree of liver inflammation.
