我国货币政策效率的障碍性因素分析

财政政策的短期性与失业问题长期化的矛盾,使得我国未来的宏观经济政策手段将更加依赖于货币政策。文章从分析我国目前货币政策实施的效果这一角度出发,对影响货币政策效率的障碍性因素进行了剖析,并提出了进一步提高我国货币政策效率的建议。

柴油添加剂功效影响因素的灰色关联分析(英文)

提出了一种柴油添加剂非台架实验的功效判断方法———灰色关联分析法。应用这个方法分析待测功效的柴油添加剂,可通过测定加入它后的柴油样品的物理性质和加入已知功效较好的柴油添加剂的柴油样品的物理性质,再作灰色关联分析,综合关联顺序以评定其功效好坏。应用这个方法还可推断柴油样品的表面张力是影响燃烧好坏的主要因素,其次是粘度、十六烷值和燃点。

重庆市社区老年人高血压现况调查

目的 :探讨重庆市社区老年人高血压患病情况及相关危险因素。方法 :采用随机整群抽样 ,抽取重庆市社区60岁以上共4915人进行调查。结果 :重庆市社区老年人高血压患病率为63 83 % ,且患病率随年龄增长而升高 ,尤以Ⅱ～Ⅲ级高血压患病率升高显著。女性患病率尤其是Ⅱ～Ⅲ级高血压的患病率显著高于男性 (P<0 01)。吸烟、饮酒、体重指数 (BMI)≥24和高血压家族史阳性对高血压的发生有显著影响 (P<0 01)。急性脑血管疾病、心血管疾病及糖尿病与高血压特别是Ⅱ～Ⅲ级高血压的发生有明显相关 (P<0 01)。结论 :重庆市社区老年人高血压患病率为63 83 % ,年龄、性别、吸烟。

Molecular Composition and Evolution of the Chalcone Synthase (CHS) Gene Family in Five Species of Camellia (Theaceae)

The molecular composition and evolution of the chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family from five species in Camellia (Theaceae) are explored in this study. Sixteen CHS exon 2 from four Camellia species were amplified from total DNA by PCR method. Three sequences of the fifth species in Camellia and two sequences of Glycine max as the designated outgroups were obtained from GenBank. Our results indicated that CHS gene family in Camellia was differentiated to three subfamilies (A, B, C) during the evolutionary history with six groups (A1, A2, A3, BI, B2, C). Among them, only group A2 was possessed by all five species in this study. However, the other five groups were detected only in some species of the plants studied. All members of CHS gene family in this study had high sequence similarity, more than 90% among the members in the same subfamily and more than 78% among different subfamilies at nucleotide level., According to the estimated components of amino acids, the function of CHS genes in Camellia had been diverged. The nucleotide substitutions of the different groups were not identical. Based on phylogenetic analyse inferred from sequences of CHS genes and their deduced amino acid sequences, we concluded that the CHS genes with new function in this genus were evolved either by mutations on several important sites or by accumulation of the mutations after the gene duplication. A further analysis showed that the diversification of CHS genes in Camellia still occurred recently, and the evolutionary models were different to some extant among different species. So we assumed that the different evolutionary models resulted from the impacts of variable environmental elements after the events of speciation.

Application of Abnormal Touchdown PCR with High Degeneracy Primer in Amplification of Large-Family Genes

[Objective] The aim was to explore the special methods for amplification of large-family genes by using primers with high degeneracy.[Method] By using the primers with high degeneracy,conventional PCR,conventional touchdown PCR and the optimized abnormal touchdown PCR were respectively carried out to amplify the genomic DNA of Cyprinus carpio.[Result] Only one evident electrophoretic band and a few Sox genes were obtained by using normal PCR;no obvious electrophoretic band but dispersive product was obtained by normal touchdown PCR;ideal result was obtained by the abnormal touchdown PCR that three evident electrophoretic bands and much more Sox genes were amplified.[Conclusion] The research provided theoretical basis for the optimization and selection of PCR amplification conditions of the large-family genes.

Important Roles of Transcription Factors in Regulating Seed Oil Biosynthesis to Increase Plant Storage Lipid Content

In this article, the biosynthetic pathways of storage oil accumulation in oilseed plants were briefly introduced, and the transcription factors, such as B3 do- main supeffamily genes, lecl gene, wril gene etc., and their important role in oil accumulation regulation was mainly elucidated. Overexpession of transcription factors as feasible ways of genetic manipulation to increase oJl content in oilseed crops are promising in a long-term perspective.

幽门螺旋杆菌感染与冠心病的相关性研究

已明确的冠心病(Coronary heart disease,CHD)危险因素,如年龄、吸烟、高血压、高血脂、高血糖等,并不能完全解释CHD的成因和严重性.本文检测56例CHD患者血清幽门螺旋杆菌特异性IgG抗体(HPIgG)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三脂(TG),探讨幽门螺旋杆菌(HP)感染与CHD的相关性及其可能的作用机制.

对美元霸权崩溃论的质疑

世界货币地位是一个国家的战略灵魂,是一个国家的最大财富.美元从1944年至今的70多年时间里,一直是世界货币的主宰.无论是在有序的布雷顿森林体系时期,还是1976年牙买加协议后的无秩序的时期 也无论是面对自身的危机或是应对其它货币的挑战,美国都从国家战略的角度出发,一直捍卫着美元的国际货币霸主地位.但自从这次缘起美国的国际金融危机爆发后,美元崩溃论涛声四起,且有成为主流之势,以至于影响我国各项政策的制定.本文从客观角度出发,从不同层面论证美元霸权地位短期内难以改变.

Screening and Cloning of RAPD Marker of Fluoride Tolerance Gene in Silkworm,Bombyx mori

In this study,silkworm strain T6,tolerant to fluoride,and silkworm strain 733xin,highly sensitive to fluoride,were used to construct the near-isogenic lines.300 random primers were used in RAPD amplification to DNAs of these lines.A molecular marker named S207 was found linked to the fluoride tolerance gene.Examination to F 2 segregated individuals of the above lines verified that this molecular marker was reliable.Subsequently,the molecular marker was cloned into a T vector (pUCm-T) for sequencing.Comparing with sequences available in the GenBank showed that this molecular marker was novel.We plan to convert it into a SCAR marker to facilitate establishment of a molecular marker assisted breeding system.

Three kinds of new pathogenies of gout in poultry

This paper reported three kinds of new pathogenies of gout： stress condition, inconsistent sexual maturity and relatively high protein feed.

cDNA Cloning and Genomic Structure of PM/mPM Gene from B.mori

[ Objective] The experiment aimed to clone Paramyosin/mini-Paramyosin （PM/mPM） gene to analyze the relations between it and moving behaviors. [Method] PCR method and RACE technology were used to obtain whole cDNA of PM and some cDNA of mPM of Bombyx moil. By comparing wgs of Bombyx mori, the genomic sequence of PM/mPM of Bombyx mori was obtained, and, their genome structure was determined. [ Result] PM/mPM genes consisted of 17 exons and 16 intrens. By the use of selective promoters, The gene sequence encoded PM and mPM, while PM and mPM shared the last 6 exons. The cluster analysis between PM of Bombyx mori and PM of other invertebrate animals demonstrated that the relation between Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina was closest and the relation between Bombyx mori and Drosophila melanogaster was farthest in Insecta. [ Conclusion] There was no point mutation which could influence flight in amino acid sequence of PM of Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina, so the difference of flight capacity of Bombyx mori and Bombyx mandarina might be regulated by other mechanism.

Expansion of the Actin Gene Family in Amphioxus

Actins are a small family of ubiquitous proteins that are essential cytoskeletal components and are highly conserved during evolution. Actins are usually divided into two classes, the cytoplasmic and muscle actins, which have different functional roles. Here we systematically analyzed the actin genes in the genome of the primitive chordate amphioxus （Branchiostoma floridae）. We found that amphioxus contains more than 30 actin genes, many of which are linked. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the amphioxus actin genes have clearly undergone extensive expansion through tandem duplications. The actin genes＇ structure also varies a lot, containing 2 to 7 exons. We also cloned two muscle type of actin genes from the amphioxus （B. belcheri） and compared their expression patterns during early development. The slight difference in their expression suggests functional diversification of these actin genes. Our results shed light on the evolution both of actin genes themselves and their functional roles in chordate development.

Evolution of plant microRNA gene families

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are important post-transcriptional regulators of their target genes in plants and animals, miRNAs are usually 20-24 nucleotides long. Despite their unusually small sizes, the evolutionary history of miRNA gene families seems to be similar to their protein-codingcounterparts. In contrast to the small but abundant miRNA families in the animal genomes, plants have fewer but larger miRNA gene families. Members of plant miRNA gene families are often highly similar, suggesting recent expansion via tandem gene duplication and segmental duplication events. Although many miRNA genes are conserved across plant species, the same gene family varies significantly in size and genomic organization in different species, which may cause dosage effects and spatial and temporal differences in target gene regulations. In this review, we summarize the current progress in understanding the evolution of plant miRNA gene families.

Nitric Oxide:from a mysterious labile factor to the molecule of the Nobel Prize Recent progress in nitric oxide research

NO is now known to be an important messenger molecule in biology.It regulates a variety of functions within cells and tissues including vasodilation, neurotransmission and immunological process. This review will focus on the nitric oxide synthase gene family and recent progress on molecular genetic analysis of NOS1, NOS2 and N0S3 genes.

Magnesium transporter AtMGT9 is essential for pollen development in Arabidopsis

Magnesium （Mg^2＋） is abundant in plant cells and plays a critical role in many physiological processes. A 10-member gene family AtMGT （also known as AtMRS2） was identified in Arabidopsis, which belongs to a eukaryote subset of the CorA superfamily, functioning as Mg^2＋ transporters. Some family members （AtMGT1 and AtMGT10） function as high-affinity Mg^2＋ transporter and could complement bacterial mutant or yeast mutant lacking Mg^2＋ transport capability. Here we report an AtMGT family member, AtMGT9, that functions as a low-affinity Mg^2＋ transporter, and is essential for pollen development. The functional complementation assay in Salmonella mutant strain MM281 showed that AtMGT9 is capable of mediating Mg^2＋ uptake in the sub-millimolar range of Mg^2＋. The AtMGT9 gene was expressed most strongly in mature anthers and was also detectable in vascular tissues of the leaves, and in young roots. Disruption of AtMGT9 gene expression resulted in abortion of half of the mature pollen grains in heterozygous mutant ＋/mgt9, and no homozygous mutant plant was obtained in the progeny of selfed ＋/mgt9 plants. Transgenic plants expressing AtMGT9 in these heterozygous plants can recover the pollen phenotype to the wild type. In addition, At- MGT9 RNAi transgenic plants also showed similar abortive pollen phenotype to mutant ＋/mgt9. Together, our results demonstrate that AtMGT9 functions as a low-affinity Mg^2＋ transporter that plays a crucial role in male gametophyte development and male fertility.

The tyrosinase gene family and albinism in fish

Tyrosinase exists universally in organisms and is a characteristic enzyme of melanocytes. Tyrosinase family genes in vertebrates consist of 3 related members; tyrosinase （TYR, Tyr）, tyro sinase-related protein-1 （TRP-1, Tyrp 1）, and tyro sinase-related protein-2 （TRP-2, Tyrp2, Dct）. These proteins catalyze melanin biosynthesis in pigment cells and play important roles in determining vertebrate coloration. Transcription of the TYR and TRP genes is useful for studying neural crest and optic vesicle cell migration and differentiation during emblyogenesis and important in pigment rescue in fish. In this paper, the structure of gene and protein molecular evolution, function and roles of the TYR family in fish were reviewed.

Comparison of Semen Quality and Spermadhesins' m RNA Expression between Luchuan and Exotic Boars

Spermadhesins,as the most important components of boar semen seminoproteins,play a regulatory role in sperm motility,sperm capacitation and sperm-ovum fusion.In order to study the fertility differences among different boar breeds,the sperm motility,sperm viability and sperm deformity,as well as the spermadhesins＇ m RNA expression in fresh semen of Luchuan,Landrace and Duroc boars were compared.The results showed that the sperm motility and viability of Luchuan boar showed no significant differences with those of Landrace and Duroc boars（P〉 0.05）,but its sperm deformity was significantly lower than those of the other two exotic breeds（P〈0.01）;no significant differences were found in the m RNA expression levels of spermadhesins between Luchuan and Landrace,Duroc boars（P〉0.05）,excepting that the m RNA expression level of AQN1 in Luchuan boar semen was significantly lower than that in Duroc boar semen（P〈0.05）;the m RNA expression levels of AQN3,AWN and PSP-II in Landrace boar semen were significantly higher than those in Duroc boar semen（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）.In short,there were significant differences in the m RNA expression levels of spermadhesins among different pig breeds,which showed no significant correlations with the differences in sperm motility,viability and deformity.

Identification of Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll a/b-Binding Protein Genes of Zostera marina L.and Their Expression Under Different Environmental Conditions

Photosynthesis includes the collection of light and a/b-binding （LHC） proteins. In high plants, the LHC gene family constituting the light-harvesting complex ofphotosystems I and II. the transfer of solar energy using light-harvesting chlorophyll includes LHCA and LHCB sub-families, which encode proteins Zostera marina L. is a monocotyledonous angiosperm and inhab- its submerged marine environments rather than land environments. We characterized the Lhca and Lhcb gene families of Z. marina from the expressed sequence tags （EST） database. In total, 13 unigenes were annotated as ZmLhc, 6 in Lhca family and 7 in ZmLhcb family. ZmLHCA and ZmLHCB contained the conservative LHC motifs and amino acid residues binding chlorophyll. The average similarity among mature ZmLHCA and ZmLHCB was 48.91% and 48.66%, respectively, which indicated a high degree of diver- gence within ZmLHChc gene family. The reconstructed phylogenetic tree showed that the tree topology and phylogenetic relation- ship were similar to those reported in other high plants, suggesting that the Lhc genes were highly conservative and the classification of ZmLhc genes was consistent with the evolutionary position of Z. marina. Real-time reverse transcription （RT） PCR analysis showed that different members of ZmLhca and ZmLhcb responded to a stress in different expression patterns. Salinity, temperature, light intensity and light quality may affect the expression of most ZmLhca and ZmLhcb genes. Inorganic carbon concentration and acidity had no obvious effect on ZmLhca and ZmLhcb gene expression, except for ZmLhca6.

Roles of Long-chain Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase in Absorption and Transport of Fatty Acid

Long-chain acyl coenzyme A synthetase(ACSL) is a member of the synthetase family encoded by a multigene family;it plays an important role in the absorption and transport of fatty acid.Here we review the roles of ACSL in the regulating absorption and transport of fatty acid,as well as the connection between ACSL and some metabolic diseases.