社会工作参与构建人类命运共同体:可行性、因应性变革与切入点

构建人类命运共同体、建设和谐世界已成为中国特色社会主义新时代的重大国际战略目标。社会工作的专业理念、宗旨、目标与方法策略与构建人类命运共同体战略具有契合性。社会工作参与构建人类命运共同体,需要从理念、政策、实务诸多层面做出因应性变革:在服务层次上,应从个体层次、社区层次、国家(社会)层次拓展到国际层次;在服务理念上,拓展相关专业理念的内涵、外延和纳入新理念;在服务领域上,应将全球化过程中出现的各种新型社会风险、社会问题纳入社会工作的干预范围;在服务目标上,将实现人类利益共享、责任共担、共建共治的人类命运共同体作为社会工作的目标;在服务制度上,探索与构建人类命运共同体相适应的社会工作制度框架。践行社会工作在构建人类命运共同体中的担当,当下可以以配合国家“一带一路”倡议的实施为切入点,先行推进,取得经验。

马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理

马克思主义意识形态接受的机理包括因应性机理、感应性机理和思想场机理。马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理,指马克思主义意识形态之所以被有效接受,是由一定的因素引起和推动的。马克思主义意识形态接受的因应性机理包括动力因应机理、压力因应机理和激发力因应机理。

运用预测因应性原理指导油田精细开发

油田开发具有自然性与社会性二重属性,人的主动参与是它的本质特征之一。但实际上,人的参与一般是被动的,往往是事情发生后才采取补救措施。在油田开发中应自觉主动地运用预测因应性原理,从系统论的整体性观点出发,按照预测结果,对可能发生的问题主动地采取趋利避害措施,防患于未然。这样,才能有充分的余地进行油田精细开发,才能取得经济有效地开发油田和提高油田最终采收率的良好结果。要充分重视油田开发的过程和过程中的细节,局部的、某一环节的失误,可能会带来不良后果,甚至是难以补救的后果。文中实例总结了正反两方面的经验教训,说明了采取有针对性的、正确的、主动性措施的重要性。

源于“用”的非定态建筑 上海嘉北郊野公园西游客中心的关系因应性设计方法阐释

建筑的'用'包含着'用处'和'用户'的复杂交互关系,在技术、人群高度分化的社会场景中呈现出从建筑空间、活动场景到地域情感等多个层面的关系特征。当基于这些多层次关系进行因应性设计时,建筑会呈现出一种属性上的非定态,其作为媒介所携带的动机和信息能够被多向度地解读与使用。建筑师以不拘泥于经验性的功能空间匹配关系为前提,借助空间情境与使用者建立的相对弱而密的局部关联性,使得建筑的'用'具有了更多的宽容度和可靠性。在嘉北郊野公园西游客中心的设计案例中,这种对片段、多义、不完整的空间生成,使得建筑的非定态特征成了提升建筑使用吸引力和地域场所质量的关键保障。

Analysis of Climatic Factors Causing Yield Difference in Ramie among Different Eco-regions of Yangtze Valley

[Objective] This study was to investigate the climatic factors affecting the regional eco-adaptability of ramie.[Method] Five experimental sites of different eco-types in ramie growing regions in Yangtze Valley were set up to investigate the yield of Zhongzhu No.2,based on which we assessed the adaptability of Zhongzhu No.2 to various eco-regions and further analyzed the climatic factors causing the difference in eco-adaptability.[Result] Ramie yield varied largely among various experimental sites and the yield difference appeared to be well repeatable,with a differential value between the maximum and the minimum reaching 2.3 kg/20 m2.Analysis of the yield data,together with climatic factors in various ecological regions showed that yield of Zhongzhu No.2 was significantly correlated with rainfall,sunshine hours,relative humidity during its growing period.Of the climatic factors,sunshine hours and rainfall can positively promote yield increase,while relative humidity negatively regulate ramie yield.[Conclusion] The climatic indices,including rainfall,sunshine duration and relative humidity are a key factor causing yield difference in ramie among different regions of Yangtze Valley.

种业人走出国门的契机与前景

种业人走出国门是种业国际化、全球化的必然趋势,也是农业现代化、专业化的重要推动力,是抢占新一轮国际竞争制高点的重要抓手。目前种业人走出国门虽取得一定成绩,但也遭遇了发展瓶颈:技术性障碍、政策性障碍、资本金性障碍,从根本上阻碍了种业人走出国门的步伐。结合我国以及全球种业发展现状,剖析种业人走出国门的"起承转合",阐明为推动种业人更好"走出去、走进去、走上去",必须认清种业人走出国门的战略动因,以种业人走出国门的现实起点为依据,把握种业人走出国门所面临的发展契机,从种子企业的因应性变革入手,探讨种业人走出国门的新路径。

A Novel Genetic Polymorphism and Its Genetic Effects of Porcine Heart Fatty Acid-Binding(H-FABP)Gene in Intron 1

[Objective] The aim was to provide basic reference for the use of H-FABP gene in marker-assisted selection of the breeding process of pig.[Method] Single-nucleotide polymorphisms of the H-FABP gene in Shanxi White pig,Mashen pig,Large White pig,Landrace and Duroc were tested by PCR-SSCP,and the correlation between genotype and intramuscular fat content in pigs were analyzed.[Result] One polymorphism was found in the amplified region of intron 1 of porcine H-FABP gene,in which two alleles（A and B）and three genotypes（AA,AB,and BB）were examined.C→T transition was detected by sequencing the homozygotes.The multiple comparison of the distribution of genotype in different pig varieties revealed that Mashen pig showed extremely significant difference（P0.01）in genotype distribution with Shanxi White,Landrace,Large White and Duroc breeds;whereas no significant differences（P0.05）were found in genotype distribution between other breeds.Based on the fixed effect model,extremely significant differences（P 0.01）were found in the intramuscular fat content among different H-FABP genotypes.Using least square analysis,it was found that there was significant differences（P 0.05）in the intramuscular fat content between the individuals of the BB genotypes and those of the AA genotypes.[Conclusion] The H-FABP genotype had significant effects on the meat quality.

Elastoplastic response of functionally graded cemented carbides due to thermal loading

Finite dement formulations are used to simulate the evolution of the elastoplastic response of functionally graded cemented carbides （FGCC） due to thermal loading. The geometry of specimens is an axisymmetric solid cylinder with a two-dimensional gradient. The elastoplastic constitutive relationship is developed by constraint factors. Numerical results show that compressive stresses occur in the surface zone and tensile stresses in the cobalt rich zone when the temperature drops from the initial stress-free temperature of 800 to 0℃. The maximum value of the surface compressive stress is 254 MPa and the maximum value of the tensile stress is 252 MPa in the cobalt rich zones. When the cobalt concentration difference in the specimens is equal to or greater than 0.3, there is pronounced plastic flow in cobalt rich zone. When the temperature heats up from 0 to 800 ℃, the total plastic strain reaches 0.001 4. Plastic flow has a significant effect on the reduction of thermal stress concentration.

论教学中的自由状态

自由是人的一种本己性的存在,作为一种具有意志的动物,自由赋予人以本质性的特征。因而教学中的自由状态就是最尊重人、最能发展人的理想状态,也是一种审美的状态,能否进入这种状态是衡量一个教师教学成功与否的绝对标准。而要达成这一状态的实现,必须秉持本体性、审美性、因应性、人文性四个原则,做到目的与手段、过程与结果、教师主导与学生主体、知识传授与情感交流四个统一。

Avr/Cf Interaction Induce the Expression of Ptis, Genes Encoding Pto-interactors

Products of plant resistance ( R ) genes Pto and Cf contain distinct domains, and have different cellular localization. It is intriguing to compare the development mechanisms of resistance conferred by the two R genes. In the present report, two hypersensitive response (HR) initiation systems were employed to study the time_course expression induced by Avr / Cf interaction of the genes encoding Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 which interact directly with Pto: (1) Seeds of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) containing complementary gene pairs Avr 4/ Cf _4 and Avr 9/ Cf _9 were obtained through crossing. Their seedlings developed HR under room temperature. (2) Avr / Cf seedlings grew normally at 33 ℃. When the temperature was shifted down to 25 ℃, HR occurred within hours in the seedlings. Results of both experiments showed that expression of Pti4, Pti5 and Pti6 was induced upon development of hypersensitive necrosis in Avr / Cf seedlings. However, the expression levels and patterns of these Pti s differed. This finding indicated that these Pti s function complementarily, and might be involved in regulation of both Pto and Cf _conferred resistance.

Nuclear factor-kappaB activation on the reactive oxygen species in acute necrotizing pancreatitic rats

AIM： To investigate the potential role of nuclear factor kappa-B （NF-κB） activation on the reactive oxygen species in rat acute necrotizing pancreatitis （ANP） and to assess the effect of pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate （PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB）.METHODS： Rat ANP model was established by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into biliopancreatic duct. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups （10 rats each）： Control group, ANP group and PDTC group. At the 6^th of the model, the changes of the serum amylase,nitric oxide （NO）, malondialdehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and pancreatic morphological damage were observed. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide （iNOS） were observed by SP immunohistochemistry. And bhe expressions of NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA were observed by hybridization in situ.RESULTS： Serum amylase and NO level decreased significantly in ANP group as compared with PDTC administrated group [（7 170.40＋1 308.63） U/L vs（4 074.10＋1 719.78） U/L,P〈0.05], [（76.95±9.04） μmol/L vs （65.18±9.02） μmol/L,P〈0.05] respectively. MDA in both ANP and PDTC group rose significantly over that in control group [（9.88＋1.52）nmol/L, （8.60±1.41） nmol/L, vs （6.04：hl.78） nmol/L,P〈0.05], while there was no significant difference between them. SOD levels in both ANP and PDTC group underwent a significant decrease as compared with that in control[（3 214.59±297.74） NU/mL, （3 260.62±229.44） NU/mL,vs（3 977.80＋309.09） NU/mL, P〈0.05], but there was no significant difference between them. Though they were still higher bhan those in Control group, pancreas destruction was slighter in PDTC group, iNOS expression and NF-κB p65 subunit mRNA expression were lower in PDTC group as compared with ANP group.CONCLUSION： We conclude that correlation among NF-κB activation, serum amylase, reactive oxygen species level and tissue damage suggests a key role of NF-κB in the pathogenesis of ANP. Inhibition of NF-κB activation may reverse the pancreatic damage of rat ANP and the production of reactive oxygen species.

Expression and enzymatic characterization of a cold-adapted β-agarase from Antarctic bacterium Pseudoalteromonas sp.NJ21

An agar-degrading bacterium, designated as Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21, was isolated from an Antarctic sediment sample. The agarase gene aga1161 from Pseudoalteromonas sp. NJ21 consisting of a 2 382-bp coding region was cloned. The gene encodes a 793-amino acids protein and was found to possess characteristic features of the Glyco_hydro 42 family. The recombinant agarase （rAgal 161） was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified as a fusion protein. Enzyme activity analysis revealed that the optimum temperature and pH for the purified recombinant agarase were 30--40℃ and 8.0, respectively. rAga 1161 was found to maintain as much as 80% of its maximum activity at 10℃, which is typical of a cold- adapted enzyme. The pattern of agar hydrolysis demonstrated that the enzyme is an β-agarase, producing neoagarobiose （NA2） as the final main product. Furthermore, this work is the first proof of an agarolytic activity in Antarctic bacteria and these results indicate the potential for the Antarctic agarase as a catalyst in medicine, food and cosmetic industries.

p28^GANK inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death via enhancement of the endoplasmic reticulum adaptive capacity

It has been shown that oncoprotein p28GANK, which is consistently overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC）, plays a critical role in tumorigenesis of HCC. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that p28GANK inhibits apoptosis in HCC cells induced by the endoplasmic reticulum （ER） stress. During ER stress, p28GANK enhances the unfolded protein response, promotes ER recovery from translational repression, and thereby facilitates cell＇s ability to cope with the stress conditions. Furthermore, p28GANK upregulates glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）, a key ER chaperone protein, which subsequently enhances the ER folding capacity and promotes recovery from ER stress. We also demonstrated that p28GANK increases p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt phosphorylation, and inhibits nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB） activation under ER stress, which in turn contributes to GRP78 upregulation. Taken together, our results indicate that p28GANK inhibits ER stress-induced apoptosis in HCC cells, at least in part, by enhancing the adaptive response and GRP78 expression. We propose that p28GANK has potential implications for HCC progression under the ER stress conditions.

Analysis of digenic epistatic effects and QE interaction effects QTL controlling grain weight in rice

Immortalized F2 population of rice (Oryza sativa L.) was developed by randomly mating F1 among recombinant inbred (RI) lines derived from (Zhenshan 97B×Minghui 63),which allowed replications within and across environments.QTL (quantitative trait loci) mapping analysis on kilo-grain weight of immortalized F2 population was performed by using newly developed software for QTL mapping,QTL Mapper 2.0. Eleven distinctly digenic epistatic loci included a total of 15 QTL were located on eight chromosomes.QTL main effects of additive,dominance,and additive×additive,additive×dominance,and dominance×dominance interactions were estimated.Interaction effects between QTL main effects and environments (QE) were predicted.Less than 40% of single effects,most of which were additive effects,for identified QTL were significant at 5% level.The directional difference for QTL main effects suggested that these QTL were distributed in parents in the repulsion phase.This should make it feasible to improve kilo-grain weight of both parents by selecting appropriate new recombinants. Only few of the QE interaction effects were significant.Application prospect for QTL mapping achievements in genetic breeding was discussed.

Causes for the Unimodal Pattern of Leaf Carbon Isotope Composition in Abies faxoniana Trees Growing in a Natural Forest along an Altitudinal Gradient

Leaf morphological and physiological traits of Abies faxoniana growing in a natural forest along an altitudinal gradient were measured with the aim to identify the central mechanism for the marked variation in foliar δ13C determined by an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. There is a unimodal pattern of plant functional traits in these temperate and semi- humid areas. Stomatal parameters, specific leaf area, and C/N ratio increased, whereas C, N and δ13C values decreased with increasing altitude below 3000 m a.s.1. In contrast, they exhibited opposite trends above 3000 m a.s.l.. Our results demonstrated that high-altitude plants achieve higher water use efficiency （WUE） at the expense of decreasing nitrogen use efficiency （NUE）, whereas plants at 3000 m can maintain a relatively higher NUE but a lower WUE. Such intra-specific differences in the trade-off between NUE and WUE may partially explain the altitudinal distribution of the plants in relation to moisture and nutrient availability. Our results clearly indicate that the functional relations between nutritional status and the structure of leaves are responsible for the altitudinal variations associated with δ13C. The pivotal role of specific leaf area in regulating plant adaptive responses provides a potential physiological mechanism for the observed growth advantage of populations occupying the medium altitude. These adaptive responses altitudinal gradients showed that an altitude to of approximately 3000 m a.s.1, is the optimum distribution zone for A. faxoniana, allowing the most vigorous growth and metabolism. These results improve our understanding of the various roles of environmental and biotic variables upon δ13C dynamics and provide useful information for subalpine coniferous forest management.

Dynamic Crack Propagation Analysis Using Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method

The prediction of dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials is still an important issue in many engineering fields. The remeshing technique based on scaled boundary finite element method(SBFEM) is extended to predict the dynamic crack propagation in brittle materials. The structure is firstly divided into a number of superelements, only the boundaries of which need to be discretized with line elements. In the SBFEM formulation, the stiffness and mass matrices of the super-elements can be coupled seamlessly with standard finite elements, thus the advantages of versatility and flexibility of the FEM are well maintained. The transient response of the structure can be calculated directly in the time domain using a standard time-integration scheme. Then the dynamic stress intensity factor(DSIF) during crack propagation can be solved analytically due to the semi-analytical nature of SBFEM. Only the fine mesh discretization for the crack-tip super-element is needed to ensure the required accuracy for the determination of stress intensity factor(SIF). According to the predicted crack-tip position, a simple remeshing algorithm with the minimum mesh changes is suggested to simulate the dynamic crack propagation. Numerical examples indicate that the proposed method can be effectively used to deal with the dynamic crack propagation in a finite sized rectangular plate including a central crack. Comparison is made with the results available in the literature, which shows good agreement between each other.

Stress-drop effect on brittleness evaluation of rock materials

Uniaxial or triaxial compression test of cylindrical rock specimens using rock mechanics testing machine is a basic experimental method to study the strength and deformation characteristics of rock and the development process of rock fracture. Extensive literature review has been conducted on this issue;meanwhile, experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on the stress-drop effect on the brittleness of rock materials. A plastic flow factor of λ is proposed to describe the stress-drop effect. Evaluation methods of the factor λ corresponding to the four yield criteria of rock mass are proposed. Those four yield criteria are Tresca criterion, von-Mises criterion, Mohr-Coulomb criterion and Drucker-Prager criterion. For simplicity purposes, an engineering approximation approach has been proposed to evaluate the stress-drop with a non-zero strain increment. Numerical simulation results validated the effectiveness of the plastic flow factors λ as well as the engineering approximation approach. Based on the results in this study, finite element code can be programmed for brittle materials with stress-drop, which has the potential to be readily incorporated in finite element codes.

Correlation of CD95 and soluble CD95 expression with acute rejection status of liver transplantation

AIM: To analyze the expression levels of soluble form of CD95, CD95 ligand (sCD95 and SCD95L, respectively) in plasma and CD95 expression on CD3+cells in liver-transplanted recipients with acute rejection (AR). METHODS: Peripheral blood mohonuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 30 clinically liver transplanted recipients. CD95 expression on CD3+ cells was quantitatively measured by two-color fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis. Lymphocyte surface phenotypes of CD4, CD8, CD16 and CD56 were determined by flow cytometry. Plasma levels of sCD95 and SCD95L were detected by Enzyme Linked-Immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELISA). The results were compared with that from normal healthy volunteers (n=15 individuals). RESULTS: FACS analysis showed that CD95 expression on CD3+ T cells was significantly increased in liver transplanted recipients with AR compared to that in stable recipients without rejection and infection or healthy individuals who did not undergo transplantation (18 676.93±11 588.34/molecule, 6 848.20±1 712.96/molecule, 6 418.01±2 001.95/molecule, respectively, P<0.01). Whereas no significant difference was seen between liver-transplanted stable recipients and healthy individuals. Furthermore, no significant differences were detected between each group with CD4/CD8 ratio or the percentage of CD16+56+cells. Plasma levels of sCD95 were significantly higher in transplanted recipients with AR compared to that in stable recipients or healthy individuals (391.88±196.00, 201.37±30.30, 148.83±58.25 pg/mL, respectively, P<0.01). In contrast, the plasma levels of sCD95L in liver-transplanted recipients were not significantly different from that in healthy individuals. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the increased CD95 expression on CD3+cells and the increased levels of sCD95 in plasma may modify the immunological situation of the recipients after transplantation or represent the ongoing graft rejection.

A Survey on Smart Collaborative Identifier Networks

The current Internet architecture was designed on the basis of a triple bindings model, which could meet the needs of the early Internet. However, with the tremendous growth of the Internet and the continuous innovations of applications, the triple bindings(namely, control/data binding, resource/location binding and user/network binding) have given rise to many problems for the Internet, such as scalability, mobility, and security. In order to solve these problems, many network techniques have been developed. Besides, novel future Internet architectures including Information-Centric Networks and Software-Defined Networks have emerged. However, these architectures only partially decouple the triple bindings. To completely separate the triple bindings, Smart Collaborative Identifier Networks(SINET) is proposed. There have been many research efforts on SINET, which built the foundation of SINET being a promising future Internet. In this paper, we comprehensively introduce SINET and these related research works. We start by introducing the motivation for SINET, explain its fundamental concepts and how it can make a difference. Next, we present in details the design principles of every layer in SINET, explaining how it can decouple the triple bindings and solve the problems of the current Internet. Finally, we discuss the state-of-theart challenges in SINET. We investigate the ongoing research works and commercial products in SINET, with aspects such as scalability, mobility, security and reliability.

Genetic polymorphisms of MAFK, encoding a small Maf protein, are associated with susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in Japan

To investigate whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in maf protein K (MAFK), which encodes the MAFK, lead to increased susceptibility to ulcerative colitis in the Japanese population. METHODSThis case control study examined the associations between MAFK single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs4268033 G>A, rs3735656 T>C and rs10226620 C>T) and ulcerative colitis susceptibility in 174 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) cases, and 748 subjects without no lower abdominal symptoms, diarrhea or hematochezia (controls). In addition, as the second controls, we set 360 subjects, who have an irregular bowel movement without abnormal lower endoscopic findings (IBM controls). RESULTSThe genotype frequency of rs4268033 AA and allelic frequency of the rs4268033A allele were significantly higher in the UC cases than in both controls (P = 0.0005 and < 0.0001, P = 0.015 and 0.0027 vs controls and IBM controls, respectively). Logistic regression analysis after adjustment for age and gender showed that the rs4268033 AA and rs3735656 CC genotypes were significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development (OR = 2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.30, P = 0.0001 and OR = 1.81; 95%CI: 1.12-2.94, P = 0.015, respectively). Similar findings were observed by the comparison with IBM controls. In addition, the rs4268033 AA genotype was significantly associated with all phenotypes of UC except early onset. There was no significant association between rs10226620 and ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONOur results provide the first evidence that MAFK genetic polymorphisms are significantly associated with susceptibility to UC development. In particular, rs4268033 is closely associated with an increased risk for the development of UC.