脑血栓形成患者治疗前后血浆内皮素变化(附73例报告)

脑血栓形成患者治疗前后血浆内皮素变化（附７３例报告）郯城县第一人民医院（２７６１００）李宁，刘义刚，管连勇，姜春萍，王幼玲，陈同刚近年来，血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）对心脑血管的影响日益受到重视，其不仅参与疾病发展的病理生理过程，而且可影响疾病的预后。１９９６...

期待“平均利润率”向现实走来

经济规律以其不可抗拒的客观性开辟着自己的道路,直到人们认识、掌握,并且可以能动地加以运用时,它才显得那么“亲切可爱”.马克思120多年前在《资本论》中所揭示的平均利润率规律,正在中国这块改革进程中的大地上开辟着自己的进路,也必将“亲切可爱”.本文旨在为这一规律的“开辟”而代言.

我国产业结构调整的困难与出路

邓小平同志的南巡讲话,给中国的改革开放注入了新的推动力,新一轮经济建设热潮正在兴起.但与此同时,长期以来一直困扰着我国经济增长的重要因素——产业结构失衡的矛盾也在悄然加剧。如不能有效地缓解这一矛盾,经济发展势头将难以持续。因此,深入探讨实现产业结构调整的有效途径,是当前经济理论研究中亟需解决的重大问题.

Geochemistry of intrusive rock in Dachang tin-polymetallic ore field, Guangxi, China: Implications for petrogenesis and geodynamics

The major element, trace element and rare earth element（REE） of the intrusion rock from the Dachang ore field in Guangxi, China, were analyzed. The results show that the phenocryst（about 15%） and matrix（about 85%） mainly consist of quartz, K-feldspar and plagioclase. The rock is composed of low content of Si and high content of Al2O3, low contents of Ca, Fe2O3, Na, TiO2, etc. The intrusion rock has the medium alkali content, attributing to K-rich type rock; and contains medium to low REE contents, of which light rare earth elements（LREEs） and heavy rare earth elements（HREEs） are highly fractionated, showing a weak negative Ce anomaly and a negative Eu anomaly. These rocks are enriched in LREE, and the large ion lithophytes elements（LILE） are rich in Rb, Sr, and U; the high-field-strength elements（Nb, Th, etc） are relatively depleted. The REE chondrite-normalized patterns are consistent with the overall, roughly indicating their similar characteristics, sources and evolution. The intrusion rock mainly formed during the collisional and within-plate periods.

Comparison of Different Extraction Methods of Genomic DNA of Raw Soybean Milk

[Objective] The paper was too explore and compare methods of DNA extraction from raw soybean milk.[Method] Taken the soybean milk purchased from market as the material,pyrolysis method,isopropanol precipitation method,CTAB method,SDS method,high-salt low-pH and guanidine isothiocyanate method,as well as their improved methods were used to extract genomic DNA,and the extraction effects of these methods were compared by detecting the DNA using optical density,agarosegel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction（PCR）methods.[Result] The genomic DNA extracted by all methods except isopropanol precipitation method could be used in PCR reaction.Meanwhile,the high DNA concentration and purity will be gained by different methods in the order of high-salt low-pH method,high-salt low-pH method,improved CTAB method,improved isopropanol precipitation method,guanidine isothiocyanate method and improved pyrolysis method.[Conclusion] These methods are simply to operate,fast to gain results,and suitable for the extraction of total DNA from raw soybean milk.

Investigation on Risk Factors of Cerebrocardiac Vascular Thrombotic Diseases in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome

Objective: To observe the risk factors of thrombosis in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).Methods: From February 2001 to April 2003, 24 patients with moderate and severe OSAHS (OSAHS group) and 19 healthy adults (control group) were recruited. Their blood samples were drawn at 6∶00 and 16∶00 respectively for testing hemocrit, platelet aggregation (PAG), whole blood viscosity (WBV), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), plasma fibrinogen (Fng) and endothelin (ET).Results: There was a significantly higher hemocrit, WBV, Fng and ET as well as a significant shortening of PT and APTT at 6∶00 than that at 16∶00 in OSAHS group. However, there was no significant difference in all testing items between 6∶00 and 16∶00 in control group. The hemocrit, WBV, PAG, plasma Fng and ET were significantly higher, and PT and APTT were obviously shorter at 6∶00 in OSAHS group than those at 6∶00 in control group. A higher hemocrit, PAG, plasma Fng and ET, a longer PT and APTT were observed at 16∶00 in OSAHS group, compared with those at 16∶00 in control group.Conclusion: In OSAHS patients there were striking risk factors of thrombosis, which is more remarkable in the early morning than in the afternoon.

Clinical Research on the Changes of Plasma TFPI and uPA System in Malignant Tumor

Objective: To investigate the expression levels and significance of TFPI, uPA, uPAR and PAI in malignant patients. Methods: The levels of TFPI, uPA and uPAR were measured by using ELISA and the level of PAI was determined by method of chromogenic substrates in 44 patients with malignant solid tumors (group A1) and 30 patients with acute leukemia (AL, group A2). Results: The levels of TFPI, uPA, and uPAR in group A1 were higher than those in normal control group (group B). TFPI, uPAR levels in group A2 were higher than those in group B, while the level of PAI in group A2 was lower than that in group B. Among the groups, TFPI was increased in the combined infection group; PAI decreased in the hemorrhage group; TFPI, uPA, uPAR and PAI increased in relapsing and metastasis group; TFPI decreased in one-week dead group, while uPA and uPAR increased. Conclusion: The patients with malignant solid tumor and AL had different anticoagulation or fibrinolysis states. TFPI, uPA, Upar and PAI can be used to evaluate the disease condition and the prognosis.

Sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor-1 （S1PR1） signaling protects cardiac function by inhibiting cardiomyocyte autophagy

Objective To investigate the role of sphingosine-l-phosphate （S1P） and its receptors in cardiomyocyte autophagy, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac function. Methods Cardiomyocytes were isolated from neonatal Vista rats. Autophagy and hypertrophy of car- diomyocytes were induced via starvation culture and phenylephrine （PE）, respectively, and S 1 P was used to treat the cardiomyocytes. The effect of S1P on cardiomyocyte autophagy was evaluated by the number of autophagosomes, the expression of autophagy-related proteins and autophagic marker genes in cardiomyocytes. The effect of S1P on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was evaluated by examining the surface area of cardiomyoeytes and the expression of hypertrophic genes. Subsequently, different small interfering RNAs （siRNAs） were used to knockdown the expression of the three types of S 1P receptors on cardiomyocytes and to analyze the type of receptor that mediates S 1P sig- naling in cardiomyocytes. Finally, sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor-1 （S1PR1） was knockout in the mouse cardiomyocytes using the Cas9 technique. The effect of S 1PR1 on cardiac autophagy and cardiac hypertrophy was examined by assessing cardiomyocyte autophagy, car- diomyocyte hypertrophy and cardiac function. Results Starvation-induced cardiomyocyte autophagy and PE -induced cardiomyocyte hy- pertrophy were significantly attenuated by SIP. The results showed that the formation of autophagosomes was decreased, the auto- phagy-associated protein LC3 II/I and the expression of autophagic marker genes Atg5, Atgl2, Beclinl and LC3B decreased after SIP treatment. The surface area of the cardiomyocytes was decreased, and the expression of hypertrophic genes, including atrial natriuretic factor （ANF）, skeletal muscle and cardiac actin （SKA）, myosin heavy chain （β-MHC） and brain natriuretic peptide （BNP） were all decreased after S 1 P treatment. The autophagy and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in the S 1PR 1 knocked-down group were significantly increased compared to those in the control group, the SIPR2 and the S1PR3 knocked-down groups. In vivo, the knockout of S1PR1 in cardiomyocytes exacer- bated stress-induced cardiac autophagy, cardiac hypertrophy and the impairment of cardiac function. Conclusion SIP could inhibit car- diomyocyte autophagy, thereby inhibiting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and protecting cardiac function by activating S1PR1 in pres- sure-overloaded cardiomyocytes in mice.

Plasma von Willebrand factor level as a prognostic indicator of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma

AIM:To evaluate the correlations of plasma von Willebrand factor (vWF) level with the distant metastasis and prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer. METHODS: A total of 86 patients with historically confirmed metastatic colorectal cancers receiving treatment at Taipei Veterans General Hospital were enrolled. All patients had measurable metastatic lesions and life expectancies of more than 3 mo. Plasma vWF levels were measured by immuno-turbidimetric assay and compared with results from 40 non-metastatic colorectal cancer patients and 22 healthy controls. Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer were divided into two groups according to serum vWF levels and the differences between these two groups were analyzed using X2 test. Data on age, gender, performance status, location of primary tumor, extent of metastasis, site of metastases, histological differentiation, serum CEA and plasma vWF levels were analyzed to determine association with survival. Survival curves were constructed by Kaplan-Meier product limit method and the data was analyzed using log-rank test on a microcomputer. Multivariate analysis using the Cox's proportional hazards regression model was then performed to determine the independent prognostic indicators among all of the possible variables. RESULTS: Colorectal cancer patients were identified as having significantly higher plasma vWF concentrations than healthy controls (P<0.05). Moreover, higher vWF plasma levels were associated with advanced tumor stage (P<0.05) and the presence of multiple metastases (P=0.014). Patients with lower vWF plasma levels (≤160%) survived significantly longer than those with a higher plasma vWF level (log-rank test, P= 0.0043). By multivariate analysis, plasma vWF levels (P<0.001), the extent of metastasis (P= 0.012), and the performance status (P=0.014) were identified as independent prognostic factors. CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that high plasma vWF concentrations correlate with advanced diseases and significantly poor prognosis of patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma. It may serve as a potential biological marker of disease progression in these patients.

Effects of rheoforming on microstructures and mechanical properties of 7075 wrought aluminum alloy

It is economically advantageous to cast wrought aluminum alloys directly into near-net-shape components.The objective of the present work is to take advantage of the rheoforming with 7075 alloy to improve the competitiveness of this emerging technology in the manufacture of wrought aluminum alloy.High quality semi-solid slurry was produced,in which primary α(Al) presents in diameter of 62 μm and shape factor of 0.78 and features no eutectics entrapped.Higher forming pressure results in small grain size,improved shape factor and higher density.Especially,rheoforming can effectively reduce the occurrence of hot tearing.The average yield strength and elongation of the rheoformed samples in the T6 condition are 483 MPa and 8%,respectively.

β-FIBRINOGEN PROMOTER -455 G/A(HaeIII)POLYMORPHISM PREDICTION OF PLASMA FIBRINOGEN BUT NOT OF ISCHEMIC CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASE

Objective The -455 G/A(HaeIII)polymorphism of β-fibrinogen gene influences levels of plasma fibrinogen. We further investigated whether it influences the risk of ischemic cerebrovascular disease. Methods We accumulated 134 acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease(ICVD)cases and compared their -455 G/A status with a control group(n = 166). The β-fibrinogen gene -455 G/A polymorphism was analyzed for all subjects by PCR-RFLP with the restrictive enzyme HaeIII. Results Plasma fibrinogen was higher in AA homozygous participants(341 mg/dL)than in partici-pants carrying the G allele: GA(290 mg/dL), GG(298 mg/dL)in the control group. Plasma fibrinogen was also higher in AA homozygous patients(353 mg/dL)than in cases carrying the G allele: GA(287 mg/dL), GG(302 mg/dL)in the ICVD group. However, there was no significant association between β-fibrinogen gene -455 G/A polymorphism and ICVD group. Conclusions Although a small effect cannot be excluded, β-fibrinogen gene -455 G/A polymor-phism is an independent predictor of plasma fibrinogen, but not of ischemic cerebrovascular disease.

Positive correlation between plasma PCSK9 and tissue factors levels in patients with angiographically diagnosed coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus

Background Pro-protein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 （PCSK9） is a secreted protein that influences plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Both oxidized LDL and tissue factor （TF） contributed to the development of prothrombofic state. The pre- sent study aims to explore the relationship between plasma level of PCSK9 and that of TF in patient with coronary artery disease （CAD）. Methods From July 2013 to March 2014, we enrolled 197 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography because of suspected CAD at Beijing Anzhen Hospital in this study. All patients had no history of using lipid-lowering medication. Of these 197 patients （1B 1 male and 66 female, mean age 56.9 ± 11.8 years）, 81 had angiographically diagnosed CAD. Clinical data were collected. Plasma PCSK9 and TF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Levels of plasma PCSK9 and TF were compared and their correlation analyzed among different patient groups. Results Both plasma levels of PCSK9 （279.8 ± 60.4μg/L vs. 216.5 ± 45.3μg/L, P 〈 0.01） and TF （156.4 ± 26.6 μg/mL vs. 112.1 ± 38.3 μg/L, P 〈 0.01） were significantly higher in patients with CAD, as compared with those with- out CAD. Correlation analysis showed plasma level of PCSK9 was significantly correlated with that of TF in both patients with and without CAD. However, multivariate regression analysis after adjustment for age, gender, smoking, alcohol, hypertension and hyperlipidemia showed that only in CAD patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, there was significant positive correlation between plasma levels of PCSK9 and TF （β = 0.353, P 〈 0.01）. Coneluslons The plasma level of PCSK9 is independently and positively associated with that of TF in CAD patients with diabetes mellitus, but not in those without diabetes mellitus. Further study is needed to investigate the underlying mechanism.

Reactive protein, plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and acute myocardial infarction

Objective To investigate the relationship between CRP, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 （PAI-1） levels, PAI-1 gene promoter 4G/5G polymorphism and the type of acute myocardial infarction （ST elevation myocardial infarction, STEMI vs the non-ST elevation Myocardial infarction, NSTEMI）. Methods One hundred seventy-six consecutive patients with AMI were included for the study, of whom 60 had STEMI and 56 had NSTEMI, and 60 adults without cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease were selected as controls. Blood samples were obtained from patients within 6 h of AMI and the plasma PAI-1, CRP, and the gene polymorphism were measured. Results Plasma levels of PAI- 1 and CRP were higher in AMI groups, compared those in the control group, and plasma levels of PAI-1 were significantly higher in patients with STEMI compared to those with NSTEMI （80.12ng/ml VS.73.01ng/ml, P 〈0.01）, while CRP levels were not significantly different between patient with STEMI and NSTEMI （3.87 ± 0.79 mg/ml VS.4.01 ±0.69mg/ml, P〉0.05）. PAI-1 levels presented a significant correlation with CRP levels in the NSTEMI subjects. However, PAI-1 and CRP levels could explain the lack of a significant relationship between them in control and STEMI subjects.The frequencies of 4G/4G genotype in the AMI group were higher than those in the control group and higher in patient with STEMI than in patient with NSTEMI. Plasma levels of PAI-1 in subjects with 4G/4G genotype were significantly increased as compared to those in subjects with 4G/5G and 5G/5G genotype. Conclusions Plasma PAI-1 levels were associated with different myocardial infarction type, and PAI-1 promoter 4G/5G polymorphisms and CRP may be related to plasma PAI-1 levels

Effect of Cytokine on the Expression of Sodium Iodide Symporter Gene in Breast Cancer Cell

Objective: To investigate the effect of cytokines (TNF-α,IFN-γ and IL-6) on the expression of sodium-iodide symporter(NIS)gene in breast cancer cell(MCF-7). Methods:The breast cancer cell was cultureds with negative control culture or culture with different concentrations of cytokines for 72 h.NIS gene mRNA in breast cancer cells cultured was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). Results:Expression of sodium-iodide symporter mRNA can be found decreasing along with increasing the concentration of cytokine dose-dependently. Conclusion: Cytokine may play a role in iodide-uptake modulating in breast cancer cells by their effect on NIS gene expression.

Geochemistry and genesis of magmatic PGE-bearing Cu-Ni sulphide deposit in Wadi Bayhan,southeastern Yemen

The Wadi Bayhan mafic-uhramafic intrusions associated with magmatic PGE-bearing Cu-Ni sulphide deposit are located in the south margin of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, SW Yemen. The intrusions consist of du- nite, olivine-pyroxenite, lherzolite, hornblendite, gabbro and gabbronorite. The dunite and lherzolite are the main host rock for the Cu-Ni ores. The new data of the chemical compositions of the rocks have SiO2 （50% - 53.6% ）, AI203 （0-32%） and MgO （4%-28%）, and relatively low TiO2 （0-3.2%） and K2 0 ＋ Na20 （0. 04% - 5.2% ）. The geochemical characteristics indicate that the parental magma is high-magnesium tholeiitic. Sulfur had reached saturation and immiscible sulfides droplets segregated from silicate magmas before their emplacement.

Hypermethylation of promoter 5'CpG island of p16 gene in glioma tissue and plasma

Objective: To explore the clinical significance of methylation status of promoter CpG island of p16 gene in glioma tissue and plasma. Methods: Methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to determine the methylation status of the promoter for p16 gene within glioma tissue and plasma. Immunohistochemical method (SP) was used to analyze the expressions of p16 and Ki-67 proteins. Results: Hypermethylation was found in 17/40 (42.5%) of brain gliomas, in com-parison with 11/40 (27.5%) plasma specimens (χ2 = 1.9780, P = 0.1596). Loss of p16 expression was associated (P = 0.0229) with hypermethylation of CpG island of promoter regions. Hypermethylation of p16 gene CpG island was significantly related to the increase of malignant grade of brain glioma (Tissue: χ2 = 11.4288, P = 0.0007; Plasma: χ2 = 8.9439, P = 0.0028). The Ki-67 index increased significantly (P < 0.05) in brain gliomas methylated in contrast to those unmethylated. Conclusion: P16 hypermethylation may be one of the major mechanisms of tumorigenesis of gliomas. Methylated tumor-specific DNA may be as a plasma biomarker for prognosis in patients with glioma.

Gold and tin of fluid-magmatic systems:causes of combination-separation of concentration elements

The aim of the investigation is to reveal possible causes of isolation and co-occurrence of the economically significant concentrations of gold and tin. Comparative analysis of the different-rank factors that influenced migration and concentration of these elements show that different geochemical properties of Au and Sn are responsible for isolation of their big concentrations giving rise to independent metallogenic provinces, zones, and ore nodes. These differences resulted in individualization of the element migration ways to the level of ore concentration within the fluid-magmatie columns. Three main factors influenced the Au and Sn migration activity： different patterns of metal connection with the meh structure, different relation with oxygen, and different relation with other strong oxidizers. By the moment when ore-bearing fluid became isolated from magmas, the metallogenic signature of the melts, contrasting in redox-potential, had already been defined that was confirmed by the fact that tin ores associate predominantly with the granitoids of ilmenite series and gold ores - with those of magnetite series. The fluid-magmatic systems with an intermediate degree of the melt reduction-oxidation may be considered the potential producers of the combined metal concentrations. In these cases, the combined con- centrating of tin and gold is plagued by an opposite direction of the oxidation-reduction reactions when their most common minerals are formed： the main migration form of Sn^＋2 must be oxidized （with cassiterite portioning） , and the forms of Au^＋ or Au^＋3 must be reduced （with native gold portioning）. Probably, because of this the combined tin and gold concentrations are dominated by one of the metals with a tendency of accumulation in different-stage mineral complexes.

Plasma fibrinogen levels are associated with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutation in Chinese patients with non-small cell lung cancer

Objective： The plasma fibrinogen levels had not only been used as an independent prognostic parameter for the patients with non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）, but also as a promising biomarker for evaluating the efficacy of chemotherapy. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between the plasma fibrinogen levels and epidermal growth factor receptor （EGFR） gene mutation and clinical-pathological characteristics of Chinese patients with NSCLC. Methods： In this retrospective study, NSCLC specimens collected from 352 patients between November 2009 and November 2011 were selected to detect EGFR gene mutation with real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. In these specimens, 308 ones were also detected EGFR gene copy number with fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH）. Coagulation makers were examined prior to the operations. The association between the plasma fibrinogen levels and EGFR gene mutation and clinical-pathological characteristics were analyzed using SPSS 16.0 software. Results： The median pre-operation plasma fibrinogen level was 3.55 g/L （109/352） patients with higher plasma fibrinogen level （〉 4.0 g/L）. The lower plasma fibrinogen levels correlated significantly with EGFR gene mutations （P 〈 0.001）, the similar result was seen in platelet counts （P = 0.026）. A linear correlation was found between the plasma fibrinogen levels and the platelet counts in NSCLC patients （R^2 = 0.209, P 〈 0.001）. Pre-peration plasma fibrinogen levels correlated with gender （P 〈 0.001）, smoking status （P 〈 0.001 ）, and histology （P 〈 0.001 ）. There were significant link between the above clinical-pathological characteristics and EGFR gene mutations. In addition, EGFR gene mutation was correlated with FISH-positive status （P 〈 0.001）. Moreover, both plasma fibrinogen level （P = 0.024） and the EGFR gene copy number （P = 0.040） had significant relationships with the pathological TNM stage. Conclusion： This study showed that a significant relevance between plasma fibrinogen levels and EGFR gene mutations. The plasma fibrinogen level might be as a clinical decision parameter for evaluating the efficacy of anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs） in NSCLC. The patients of NSCLC had higher indicate have poor benefits from anti-EFGR TKIs. In addition, pre-operation plasma fibrinogen level could be used as an indepedent prognostic biomarker for the patients with NSCLC.

肥皂的妙用

肥皂的妙用肥皂除了用于洗手、洗澡和洗衣外，还有如下妙用：１．新绳子因太硬不好用时，可放在肥皂水中浸泡５分钟，会变得柔软好用。２．煤气管漏气时，可先用湿肥皂将破裂处抹住，再请煤气公司派人修理。３．锅底的煤烟最难除去，如使用之前在锅底涂上一层肥皂，用后再...