To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™...To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.展开更多
The research presents the progressive increase of lifelong education and its influence on the paradigm of socio-educational inclusion. Today＇s society is characterized by its increasing aspiration and demand for acti...The research presents the progressive increase of lifelong education and its influence on the paradigm of socio-educational inclusion. Today＇s society is characterized by its increasing aspiration and demand for activities of social promotion and personal development, that is, activities that tend to reinforce the social fabric in its human and community values, in the elimination of loneliness, or increasing the quality of life, through the full enjoyment of civic rights, common cultural property, or participation in the opportunities offered by public and community life The older population has transformed their habits, integrating new values generated by social changes. In turn, it leads to possible changes in social intervention. These include training, leisure, tourism, social skills development, the use of the Internet as a tool for knowledge and communication, and social participation. These new social behaviors can be an opportunity to build a more cohesive and supportive society, without generational breaches And this line, the attention to diversity and its even processes seeks to expand its reach, generating intergenerational spaces展开更多
Laboratory information management based on the technology of Interact of things technology is the development trend of digital and information technology education in our country and the inevitable choice. Through the...Laboratory information management based on the technology of Interact of things technology is the development trend of digital and information technology education in our country and the inevitable choice. Through the fiLnher study of the current situation of laboratory management in colleges and universities and the characteristics of the Internet of things technology, this paper introduces the concept of Interact of things tec^mology, history and current situation of the development. With the most representative IOT architecture and Ubiquitous ID IOT system as an example, analyzes the RFID technology, sensor network and detection technology, intelligent technology and characteristics of Nanometer technology. Analysis the technical foundation for the development of the campus Interact of things, and give the Internet of things technology in the application of the laboratory management technology.展开更多
基金Supportedby the College of Medicine Research Center,Deanship of Scientific Research,King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia
文摘To evaluate the quality and accuracy of websites written to the public on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis) and assess their readability level.METHODSGoogle™, Bing™, and Yahoo™ search engines were searched independently by three researchers in December 2014. Only English-language websites were selected on the basis of predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Researchers independently evaluated the quality of each website by using the DISCERN and the HONcode instruments. The readability levels were calculated using two formulas; the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level Index, and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index. The agreement between the evaluators was calculated using Cohen kappa coefficient.RESULTSEighty-four websites were finally identified. Scores varied from a minimum DISCERN score of 18 to a maximum of 68 [mean ± SD, 42.2 ± 10.7; median = 41.5, interquartile range, interquartile range (IQR) = 15.8] and a minimum score of HONcode of 0.14 and a maximum of 0.95 (mean ± SD, 0.16 ± 0.19; median = 0.45, IQR = 0.29). Most of these websites were reviewed in 2014 and 2015 (n = 51). The creators of these websites were: universities and research centers (n = 25, 30%), foundations and associations (n = 15, 18%), commercial and pharmaceutical companies (n = 25, 30%), charities and volunteer work (n = 9, 10%), and non-university educational bodies (n = 10, 12%). The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level readability score (mean ± SD) was 11.9 ± 2.4 and the Coleman-Liau Readability Index score was 12.6 ± 1.5. Significant correlation was found between the two readability scores (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.509, P = 0.001). The overall agreement between evaluators measured by Cohen kappa coefficient was in the range of 0.804-0.876; rated as 'Good'.CONCLUSIONThe DISCERN and the HONcode scores of websites varied and the readability levels of most websites were above the public readability level. The study highlights the areas that need further improvement and development in patient education online materials about IBD.
文摘The research presents the progressive increase of lifelong education and its influence on the paradigm of socio-educational inclusion. Today＇s society is characterized by its increasing aspiration and demand for activities of social promotion and personal development, that is, activities that tend to reinforce the social fabric in its human and community values, in the elimination of loneliness, or increasing the quality of life, through the full enjoyment of civic rights, common cultural property, or participation in the opportunities offered by public and community life The older population has transformed their habits, integrating new values generated by social changes. In turn, it leads to possible changes in social intervention. These include training, leisure, tourism, social skills development, the use of the Internet as a tool for knowledge and communication, and social participation. These new social behaviors can be an opportunity to build a more cohesive and supportive society, without generational breaches And this line, the attention to diversity and its even processes seeks to expand its reach, generating intergenerational spaces
文摘Laboratory information management based on the technology of Interact of things technology is the development trend of digital and information technology education in our country and the inevitable choice. Through the fiLnher study of the current situation of laboratory management in colleges and universities and the characteristics of the Internet of things technology, this paper introduces the concept of Interact of things tec^mology, history and current situation of the development. With the most representative IOT architecture and Ubiquitous ID IOT system as an example, analyzes the RFID technology, sensor network and detection technology, intelligent technology and characteristics of Nanometer technology. Analysis the technical foundation for the development of the campus Interact of things, and give the Internet of things technology in the application of the laboratory management technology.
