Natural seedling regeneration and tree establishment are affected by various environmental factors. In this study, we established eight, eight, six, and four independent forest stands （each stand was further divided ...Natural seedling regeneration and tree establishment are affected by various environmental factors. In this study, we established eight, eight, six, and four independent forest stands （each stand was further divided into five subplots） respectively based on the altitudinal gradient, stand density, slope location, and slope aspect to investigate the effects of environmental factors on tree seedling regeneration in a pine-oak mixed forest. The results indicated that the seedling density was significantly higher at altitudes of 1,283 m to 1,665 m, whereas the sapling density did not differ with altitudes. The seedling and sapling density decreased significantly at 1,835 m. The seedling densities on the upper slopes were much higher than those on the middle and lower slopes, whereas the sapling density had no difference. The sapling density decreased southwest （20°-75°） whereas gradually from the it increased on the shady slopes to the northeast （40°）. The seedling density increased from southwest （20°） to northeast （40°The seedling and sapling densities increased with the stand density （850 trees ha-1 to 1,525 trees ha-1） whereas the sapling density was significantly lower in stands （1,9oo trees ha-O. Principal components analysis showed that the slope aspect and stand density had more important roles in tree regeneration in this study region compared with the other two factors. Therefore, our findings suggest that it will be beneficial to keep stands at a moderate density on shady slopes. Appropriate thinning of higher density stands is also expected to promote the natural regeneration of pine-oak mixed forest.展开更多
The Hejiazhuang pluton is located in the South Qinling Tectonic Belt （SQTB） in the north side of the MianxianLueyang Su ture Zone, and consists dominantly of granodiorites. LAICPMS zircon UPb dating and LuHf isotopi...The Hejiazhuang pluton is located in the South Qinling Tectonic Belt （SQTB） in the north side of the MianxianLueyang Su ture Zone, and consists dominantly of granodiorites. LAICPMS zircon UPb dating and LuHf isotopic analyses reveal that these granodiorites of the Hejiazhaung pluton emplaced at 248 Ma, and show a large variation in zircon eHt（t） values from 4.8 to 8.8. These granodiorite samples are attributed to highK to midK calcalkaline series, and characterized by high SiO2 （66.6±70.0%）, A1203 （15.04±16.10%） and Na20 （3.74±4.33%） concentrations, with high Mg# （54.2±61.7）. All samples have high Sr （627±751 ppm）, Cr （553±73 ppm） and Ni （17.2182 ppm）, but low Y （5.42-8.41 ppm） and Yb （0.59-0.74 ppm） concentrations with high Sr/Y ratios （84.90±120.66）. They also display highly fractionated REE patterns with （La/Yb）N ratios of 18.93-4.0 and positive Eu anomalies （0＂Eu=1.102.22） in the chondritenormalized REE patterns. In the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams, these samples exhibit enrichment in LILEs but depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. These geochemical fea tures indicate that the granodioritic magma of the Hejiazhuang pluton was derived from the partial melting of hybrid sources comprising the subducted oceanic slab and sediments, and the melts were polluted by the mantle wedge materials during their ascent. The emplacement ages and petrogenesis of the Hejiazhuang pluton prove that the initial subduction of the Mianlue oceanic crust occurred at 248 Ma ago, and the SQTB was still under subduction tectonic setting in the Early Triassic.展开更多
基金funded by the Special Research Program for Public-Welfare Forestry of State Forestry Administration of China (Grant No. 20100400206)National Natural Science Funds of China (Grant No. 31070570)CFERN & GENE Award Funds on Ecological Paper
文摘Natural seedling regeneration and tree establishment are affected by various environmental factors. In this study, we established eight, eight, six, and four independent forest stands （each stand was further divided into five subplots） respectively based on the altitudinal gradient, stand density, slope location, and slope aspect to investigate the effects of environmental factors on tree seedling regeneration in a pine-oak mixed forest. The results indicated that the seedling density was significantly higher at altitudes of 1,283 m to 1,665 m, whereas the sapling density did not differ with altitudes. The seedling and sapling density decreased significantly at 1,835 m. The seedling densities on the upper slopes were much higher than those on the middle and lower slopes, whereas the sapling density had no difference. The sapling density decreased southwest （20°-75°） whereas gradually from the it increased on the shady slopes to the northeast （40°）. The seedling density increased from southwest （20°） to northeast （40°The seedling and sapling densities increased with the stand density （850 trees ha-1 to 1,525 trees ha-1） whereas the sapling density was significantly lower in stands （1,9oo trees ha-O. Principal components analysis showed that the slope aspect and stand density had more important roles in tree regeneration in this study region compared with the other two factors. Therefore, our findings suggest that it will be beneficial to keep stands at a moderate density on shady slopes. Appropriate thinning of higher density stands is also expected to promote the natural regeneration of pine-oak mixed forest.
基金supported by National Key Technology R&D Program(Grant Nos.2011BAB04B05,2006BAB01A11)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41072143,41072169)
文摘The Hejiazhuang pluton is located in the South Qinling Tectonic Belt （SQTB） in the north side of the MianxianLueyang Su ture Zone, and consists dominantly of granodiorites. LAICPMS zircon UPb dating and LuHf isotopic analyses reveal that these granodiorites of the Hejiazhaung pluton emplaced at 248 Ma, and show a large variation in zircon eHt（t） values from 4.8 to 8.8. These granodiorite samples are attributed to highK to midK calcalkaline series, and characterized by high SiO2 （66.6±70.0%）, A1203 （15.04±16.10%） and Na20 （3.74±4.33%） concentrations, with high Mg# （54.2±61.7）. All samples have high Sr （627±751 ppm）, Cr （553±73 ppm） and Ni （17.2182 ppm）, but low Y （5.42-8.41 ppm） and Yb （0.59-0.74 ppm） concentrations with high Sr/Y ratios （84.90±120.66）. They also display highly fractionated REE patterns with （La/Yb）N ratios of 18.93-4.0 and positive Eu anomalies （0＂Eu=1.102.22） in the chondritenormalized REE patterns. In the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams, these samples exhibit enrichment in LILEs but depletion in Nb, Ta, P and Ti. These geochemical fea tures indicate that the granodioritic magma of the Hejiazhuang pluton was derived from the partial melting of hybrid sources comprising the subducted oceanic slab and sediments, and the melts were polluted by the mantle wedge materials during their ascent. The emplacement ages and petrogenesis of the Hejiazhuang pluton prove that the initial subduction of the Mianlue oceanic crust occurred at 248 Ma ago, and the SQTB was still under subduction tectonic setting in the Early Triassic.
