我国煤矿固、液、气“三废”地质封存研究现状与生态环境协同发展的关系

我国是世界上受煤矿“三废”(固、液、气)环境污染非常严重的国家,在“三废”利用处理上开展了大量深入的研究和实践,但依然存在标准规范不完善、处理规模小和技术不健全等诸多问题。为了解决我国煤矿大规模“三废”低成本地质封存与生态环境协同发展问题,在国外关于地质封存定义的基础上,对我国地质封存的内涵进行了扩展;分析了“三废”地质封存研究进展和现状;梳理了国内外“三废”地质封存相关文献和专利发表情况;提出了我国开展“三废”地质封存面临的问题和进一步发展的建议;指出了我国“三废”地质封存面临的主要问题是环境领域的标准规范不健全,尤其是废液深井灌注方面的标准广泛缺失。通过系统研究表明:国内研究机构对“三废”地质封存领域的研究日益重视,研究成果在国际上占比较高;我国煤矿“三废”地质封存及生态环境协同发展意识和体系正在形成,但针对大规模“三废”地质封存、煤矿开采全周期“三废”地质封存循环系统、CO_(2)捕集利用封存(CCUS)技术与生态环境之间的协同发展关系方面的研究成果支撑不足,严重制约地质封存的理念、技术和工程的大规模实施应用。我国应尽快加强煤矿“三废”地质封存技术与生态环境协同发展方面的科技研发,通过建立完善标准规范、加大技术研发和加强环境监管等措施,推动我国煤矿绿色和可持续发展,助力我国“双碳”目标尽早实现。

固、液耦合储油罐的局部动力效应研究

对固、液耦合储油罐的地震局部动力效应,按有限元法考虑了回转壳的刚度阵及质量阵与容器中液体的刚度阵及质量阵的组合,推导了回转壳单元局部动力效应公式,并编制了计算程序。通过对储油罐的节点动位移、动内力的计算,发现储油罐的局部动力效应正比于节点加速度和单元连续质量;由于附连体质量的影响,储油罐的局部动力效应更为显著,这对工程设计是非常有益的。

氯碱工业中固、液两相流泵选用分析

由于输送介质不同,输送介质的含固量,固体颗粒大小、颗粒软硬程度,固、液两相综合粘度状况以及对材料、腐蚀、磨蚀程度不同,选择生产用泵类型也会有不同。因此对于各种使用工况都必须进行认真分析。

城市生活垃圾填埋场固液气耦合一维固结模型

建立了一维固、液、气三相耦合的大孔隙垃圾固结数学模型。把垃圾视为大孔隙介质,假定基质吸力等于0,即孔隙气压等于孔隙液压,把填埋场简化为非稳定单向渗流场。模型中采用了Gibson和Lo一维压缩流变模型及Landgem产气方程,结合了达西定律、气体状态方程、有效应力原理和多孔介质流体动力学理论。填埋场的沉降按封场前和封场后两个阶段分别计算,封场前填埋场接受垃圾,导致堆载压力增加,而封场后的填埋场堆载压力保持不变。垃圾堆填时产生的超孔隙压力按Hilf分析法计算。运用差分法对固、气耦合问题进行了数值求解。计算结果表明:气压随深度增加而增大,透气率大的填埋场其气压消散速率快。在堆填期,气压随时间增加而增大;封场后,气压逐渐消散。气压增加,导致填埋场沉降速率和容量减小。

利用物态(气、液、固)分类使用“含量”概念相关的常用量名

针对科技期刊中“含量”概念相关量名混用现象普遍存在的问题,文章阐述了相关的常见量名所对应的物态性状,将各“含量”量名的概念细节化,并整理分类、列举实例进行分析。由此,编辑和作者使用“含量”概念量名时,可根据阐述对象的物态进行选择,清晰规范地表达数据。

海底水力输矿管固液两相流的数值模拟

文章对矿石颗粒采用离散元方法,对水粒子采用Fluent方法,并将两者耦合进行固、液耦合流在竖向弯管的流动特性分析,考察不同入口流速下流体的运动规律、矿石颗粒的运动规律及分布规律。结果表明:由于矿石颗粒堆积在管道底部,导致管道内顶部的水流速度大,底部的水流速度小,随着水流速度的降低,矿石颗粒的堆积效果也更加明显,但同时存在某一特定速度,使得其开采效率达到最大。

Solvent impregnated resin prepared using ionic liquid Cyphos IL 104 for Cr(VI) removal

Ionic liquid (IL) trihexyl (tetradecyl) phosphonium bis 2,4,4-trimethylpentylphosphinate (Cyphos IL 104) was impregnated on XAD-7 resin. The solvent impreganated resin (SIR) was prepared and applied in Cr(VI) removal. The morphology and the thermal stability of the resins were explored. The effects of equilibrium time and initial pH value on Cr(VI) adsorption were investigated. Adsorption isotherm, separation and desorption of the SIR, and selectivity of SIR were also explored. The results show that Cyphos IL 104 exists in the inner XAD-7 resin, and the optimum pH value range of the SIR for Cr(VI) extraction is 0 to 2. When NaOH used as desorption solution, the Cr(VI) can be effectively desorbed from the SIR.

西帕依固龈液对治疗固定正畸患者牙龈炎的临床研究

目的研究西帕依固龈液治疗固定正畸患者牙龈炎的临床疗效。方法选取进行固定正畸的牙龈炎患者50例,随机分成实验组和对照组,每组25例,给予西帕依固龈液1月,观察受试者龈沟出血指数(SBI)和菌斑指数(PLI)的变化。结果用药后两组的SBI和PLI差异有统计学意义。实验组用药前后的SBI和PLI差异有统计学意义。结论西帕依固龈液可以减少牙菌斑堆积,降低SBI,改善牙龈健康。

Design and fabrication of sintered wick for miniature cylindrical heat pipe

Miniature cylindrical metal powder sintered wick heat pipe （sintered heat pipe） is an ideal component with super-high thermal efficiency for high heat flux electronics cooling. The sintering process for sintered wick is important for its quality. The sintering process was optimally designed based on the equation of the heat transfer limit of sintered heat pipe. Four-step sintering process was proposed to fabricate sintered wick. The sintering parameters including sintering temperature, sintering time, sintering atmosphere and sintering position were discussed. The experimental results showed that the proper sintering temperature was 950 ℃ for Cu powder of 159μm and 900 ℃ for Cu powders of 81 and 38 μm, respectively, while the wick thickness was 0.45 mm and sintering time was 3 h. The optimized sintering time was 3 h for 0.45 and 0.6 mm wick thickness and 1 h for 0.75 mm wick thickness, respectively, when copper powder diameter was 159μm and sintering temperature was 950 ℃. Redox reduction reaction between H2 and CuO during sintering could produce segmentation cracks in Cu powders as a second structure. Sintering at vertical position can effectively avoid the generation of gap between wick and the inner wall of pipe.

Microstructure evolution of Al-Ti liquid-solid interface

Al-Ti diffusion couples were made by embedded technology and treated at the temperature between the melting points of Al and Ti. The microstructure evolution and growth mechanism of the Al-Ti DRZ were investigated. The result shows that the DRZ, the mixture of TiAl3 and Al, grows layer by layer along their chemical equilibrium zone. In the course, the growth interface moves toward the aluminum side. TiAl3 is the only new phase which forms earliest in the course of heat-treatment. The growth mechanism of the DRZ changes after the phase transition of titanium. Before the phase transition of titanium, the growth of the DRZ is controlled by the dissolution speed of the titanium to the molten aluminum, while after the phase transition of titanium, the growth is controlled by the chemical reaction speed of Al and Ti atoms, and consequently, its growth rate is greatly increased.

Microstructures and properties of Al-45%Si alloy prepared by liquid-solid separation process and spray deposition

The microstructures and properties of A1-45%Si alloy prepared by liquid-solid separation （LSS） process and spray deposition （SD） were studied. The results show that the size, shape and distribution of the primary Si phase have different influence on the properties of alloys. Comparing with the Si particles with irregular shape, fine size and continuous distribution in SD alloy, the primary Si phase in LSS alloy is sphere-like, coarse and surrounded by the continuous AI matrix. The microstructure features of LSS alloy are beneficial to the higher thermal conductivity and lower thermal expansion coefficient at room temperature. The fine Si particle in SD alloy is advantageous to improving the mechanical properties. The increasing rates of thermal expansion coefficient with temperature are influenced by the distribution of the Si particles, where a lower rate is obtained in SD alloy with continuous Si particles. The agreement of thermal expansion coefficient with the model in LSS alloy differs from that in the SD alloy because of the different microstructure characteristics.

Role of tensile forces in hot tearing formation of cast Al-Si alloy

The instrumented applied rod casting apparatus （ARCA） was developed to investigate the effects of tensile forces in the hot tearing formation of cast AI-Si alloys. The obtained data of tensile forces/temperature was used to identify hot tearing initiation and propagation and the fracture surface of samples was also investigated. The result shows that the applied tensile forces have a complex effect on load onset for the hot tearing initiation and propagation. During the casting solidification, the tensile forces are gradually increased with the increase of solid fraction. Under the action of tensile forces, there will appear hot tearing and crack propagation on the surface of the sample. When the tensile forces exceed the inherent strength of alloys, there will be fractures on the sample. As for the A356 alloy, the critical fracture stress is about 0.1 MPa. The hot tearing surface morphology shows that the remaining intergranular bridge and liquid films are thick enough to allow the formation of dendrite-tip bumps on the fracture surface.

油田含油污水处理现状及综合利用技术

对各种多余污水处理技术的特点和适用范围进行了分析。根据部分油田的供水现状、污水性质和废热利用职权现状,提出了利用天然气发电机或锅炉产生的大量高温废气,将多余污水加热蒸发并冷凝成工农业生产用水的汽、液、固三相流的技术。介绍了采用该项技术的关键工艺及新型蒸发器的工艺原理、流程,并对照传统的污水回灌技术对其进行了经济分析和评价。

Microstructure and properties of SiC_p/Al electronic packaging shell produced by liquid-solid separation

The electronic packaging shell of high silicon carbide （54%SiC, volume fraction） aluminum-based composites was produced by liquid-solid separation technique. The characteristics of distribution and morphology of SiC as well as the shell’s fracture surface were examined by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, and the thermo-physical and mechanical properties of the shell were also tested. The results show that Al matrix has a net-like structure while SiC is uniformly distributed in the Al matrix. The SiCp/Al composites have a low density of 2.93 g/cm^3, and its relative density is 98.7%. Thermal conductivity of the composites is 175 W/（·K）, coefficient of thermal expansion （CTE） is 10.3×10^-6 K-1 （25-400 ℃）, compressive strength is 496 MPa, bending strength is 404.5 MPa, and the main fracture mode is brittle fracture of SiC particles accompanied by ductile fracture of Al matrix.Its thermal conductivity is higher than that of Si/Al alloy, and its CTE matches with that of the chip material.

STRUCTURE-FUNCTION FEATURES AND EFFECTS ON BLOOD COAGULATION OF SNAKE VENOM SERINE PROTEASES*

Snake venoms,especially those from the two subfamilies,Crotalinae and Viperinae,contained a lot of serine proteases. They were responsible for the hemorrhage,shock,or disorder of blood coagulation after envenomation. They acted,by activating,inactivating,or other converting effects,on almost all the components of hemostatic and fibrinolytic systems. Their sequences were homologous to trypsin-kallikrein serine proteases. Variation of primary sequences out of active center results in the difference of substrate specificities and the further difference of biological and pharmacological activities. Because of their common and unique properties compared to their physiological corresponding factors,snake venom proteases are proved to be an excellent model for the study of protease substrate discriminating mechanism. Furthermore,they have found an important position both in basic research and application of hemostasis and thrombosis in clinic.

百万千瓦核电机组节能减排新举措

国家"十二五"规划明确将碳排放纳入约束性指标。核能作为新兴能源,比煤炭、石油、天然气等传统能源,其和平利用具有无法比拟的优势。除了保持核能传统优势,核电机组运行过程中结合生产流程,积极开展节水、节电、减排工作,将其作为减小生产成本,提高企业核心竞争力的一项关键举措,节能减排工作逐渐成为日常生产工作与技术改造项目的重点。

Numerical simulation for solid- liquid phase change of metal sodium in combined wick

Based on the finite volume method and the enthalpy-porous model the solid-liquid phase change of sodium in the combined wick is numerically studied.The one-temperature model is used since the thermal conductivity of sodium is close to that of the combined wick materials.The non-Darcy law and natural convection in the melting process are taken into account.The results show that a thin metal fiber felt in the combined wick can result in a faster melting rate of the sodium and a shorter time for the molten sodium to reach the maximum velocity which can shorten the time for the high-temperature heat pipe startup.A thick metal fiber felt in the combined wick can result in a uniform temperature distribution in the vertical heating wall and a small wall temperature difference which can reduce the possibility of an overheat spot.

Determination of Scutellarin in Rabbit Plasma after Oral Administration by HPLC-MS with Solid-Phase Extraction

Aim To establish a sensitive and specific liquid chromatography-massspeetrometry method for determination of scutellarin in rabbit plasma after oral administration.Methods For the quantitative analysis, rutin was used as an internal standard and solid-phaseextraction (SPE) was performed by using a Phenomenex C_8 cartridge. HPLC was carried out using aZorbax Extend-C_(18) column (150 mm x 2.1 mm ID, 5 μm) with a guard cartridge (Phenomenex) .Gradient elution was selected with the mobile phase of methanol 10 mmol·L^(-1) ammonium acetatesolution (pH adjusted to 8.0 with ammonia solution). The flow rate of mobile phase was 0.4mL·min^(-1) and the column temperature was 35 ℃ . Both scutellarin and the internal standard rutinin rabbit plasma extracts were detected by mass spectrometry using an ESI interface in the negativeion mode. Results The linear range was from 2 to 200 ng· mL^(-1), with acceptable accuracy andprecision (RSD) . Conclusion A sensitive, reliable and accurate method for the quantitation ofscutellarin in rabbit plasma has been established.

Determination of Eleutheroside B and E in Acanthopanax Preparations by High-P erformance Liquid Chromatography with Solid-Phase Extraction

Aim An HPLC method for analyzing eleutheroside B (ELU B) and eleutheroside E(ELU E) , two of the main active substances of Acanthopanax preparations were studied. Methods Thesamples were analyzed on a kromasil ODS column with water-acetonitrile as a gradient mobile phase.The flow rate was 0.8 mL·min^(-1) and detecting wavelengths were 206 nm for ELU B, 220 nm for ELUE, solid phase extraction (SPE) and internal standard-salicin were selected. Results The recoveriesof Acanthopanax tablets and injection were 90.4% - 96.8% and 96.4% - 99.8% for ELU B, 87.7% -93.3%and 95.7% - 98.5% for ELU E, respectively. The linear ranges were 4.45 - 22.25 μg· mL^(-1) (r =0.999 8) and 5.11 - 25.55 μg·mL^(-1) ( r = 0.999 7) respectively. Conclusion This method can savethe time for cleaning the chromatographic system and improve sensitivity for Acanthopanaxpreparations , thus providing a way to evaluate the quality of Acanthopanax preparations.

Research on the Lectin in Muscle Tissue of Varicorhinus macrolepis

[Objective] The paper aimed at researching lectins in muscles of Varicorhinus macrolepis and providing scientific basis for researching the adaptation mechanism and immune response of V.macrolepis to environment,which were advantageous for the protection and reproduction of V.macrolepis.[Method] V.macrolepis was used as test materials for the hemagglutination test by dialdehyde fixation to prove the existence of lectins in muscle crude homogenate of Varicorhinus macrolepis and study the physical and chemical characters.[Result] Lectins in muscle crude homogenate of V.macrolepis had shown hemagglutination effects on erythrocytes of six types of animals and had the maximum hemagglutination activity against rabbit erythrocytes,which belonged to the S-type lectins with optimal pH ranged from 4 to 8 and optimal temperature at 60 ℃.Results from the saccharide inhibition test had indicated that the sucrose was the only kind of saccharide which had inhibited the hemagglutination,suggesting that sucrose had played an important role in the process of recognition and aggregation of lectins.[Conclusion] It had been speculated that the optimal pH ranges for thermal sensitivity and hemagglutination activity of lectins in different types of aquatic organisms were similar.