两相连续固体床厌氧消化反应器的试验

两相连续厌氧消化比单项厌氧消化的发酵更好,这种消化方式的沼气产量大,对农业有机废弃物的消化更充分,是一种适合在我国推广的物质与能量多重循环利用的农业有机废弃物处理方式。固体床反应器利用厌氧消化的原理,把通过厌氧发酵产生的沼气作为燃料,发酵残余物作为肥料。为此,对两相连续固体床厌氧消化反应器进行了研究,设计了一种新型的厌氧消化反应器。

固体床酸化半两步沼气发酵

用常规发酵器的上清液,将固体床中酸化阶段所产生的酸液冲洗至常规发酵器内进行甲烷化发酵,可使常规发酵器的甲烷化能力得到充分利用,并可使固体床后期顺利转入干发酵阶段。该工艺过程克服了干发酵易酸化及常规消化器产气率低的弊病,使常规发酵器在35℃运转时最高产气率达3.12L·L^(-1)·d^(-1),所产气体甲烷含量为70％左右;干发酵最高产气率为1.50L·L^(-1)·d^(-1),所产气体甲烷含量为40％～50％。通过调节酸液的冲冼量还可以使每天的产气量得到控制。

烷基苯生产——新的固体床烷基化技术(英)

固体床洗涤剂烷基化技术的成功工业化标志着新一代的直链烷基苯（ＬＡＢ）加工技术。被称为ＤＥＴＡＬ工艺的新工艺，免除了使用具有潜在危险的液体ＨＦ酸作催化剂的必要性，除了在操作安全及环境上的优越性外，ＤＥＴＡＬ工艺与ＨＦ技术相比，还有产品成本低、质量高的特点。这些优点将使现有的及未来的ＬＡＢ生产厂家享有益处。

固体颗粒床高温除尘器的等温实验研究

针对工业界提出的高温除尘问题,采用固体颗粒床除尘方式,对用砂粒作为过滤介质的可行性和实用性进行了研究.通过模拟高炉一次除尘后的含尘气体浓度,进行了固体颗粒床除尘器的等温实验,探索了气体过滤速度、过滤床层厚度对除尘器除尘效率和床层压力损失的影响.根据实验结果,确定了最佳过滤速度和过滤床层厚度.

太阳能直接再生固体除湿床除湿性能测试

文章设计了一种利用太阳能直接再生的固体除湿床,并搭建了除湿床性能测试平台。通过实验测试,获得了该除湿床的除湿性能参数。除湿床的性能测试结果表明,太阳能直接再生固体除湿床的有效除湿时间为120 min,60 min内的平均有效除湿效率可达到10.04%,逐时除湿量最大值为4.3 g/kg,在除湿过程中,92.2%的空气中水蒸气汽化潜热释放量变成了空气的显热。通过实验获得的不同温、湿度和风速下空气通过除湿床所释放的汽化潜热和除湿过程空气温升等性能评价指标,为该除湿床的工程应用提供了基本实验依据。

吸附床内部特性对固体吸附式转轮太阳能制冷系统的影响

采用均匀压力场模型对太阳能驱动的固体吸附式转轮制冷系统中吸附床的传热传质过程建立了数学模型,并通过数值模拟的方法,分析了吸附床的内部特性参数的改变对系统性能系数(COP)及吸附床平均脱附率等参数的影响。结果表明,固体吸附式转轮制冷系统的COP值随着转轮吸附床的导热系数及吸附剂的堆积密度的增加而显著的增加,而随着吸附床的转速及吸附剂厚度的增加先增加后减小。

颗粒床除尘器高温实验研究

针对工业界的高温除尘问题,采用固体颗粒床除尘方式,对砂砾作为过滤介质的可行性和实用性进行了研究.通过对颗粒床除尘器高温条件下的实验研究,探讨了不同工况时除尘效率和压力损失的变化规律.推导了除尘效率和压力损失与温度的关系,并与实验结果作了比较.结果表明,随着烟气温度的升高,除尘效率和压力损失均逐渐增大.

太阳能驱动的固体吸附式转轮制冷系统的性能分析及优化

本文针对太阳能驱动的固体吸附式转轮制冷系统,对其转轮式吸附床采用均匀压力场模型对其传热传质过程建立了数学模型,并通过数值模拟的方法,较全面地分析了由于吸附床的内部特性参数及外部特性参数的改变对系统性能系数(COP)的影响,最终得到了整个系统在最佳参数状态下的最佳COP值。

单螺杆挤出机熔融机理研究的发展

介绍了国内外单螺杆挤出机熔融机理研究的发展 ,分析了熔融理论发展历程及所面临的问题 ,以及现有熔融理论的适用范围 ,指出在熔融理论研究应用过程中应根据具体问题 ,合理选择熔融理论模型 。

螺杆冷却时的单螺杆挤出熔融理论研究

利用可视化挤出实验对螺杆冷却情况下的单螺杆挤出熔融机理进行了研究。实验表明 ,挤出过程中固体床始终保持连续而不会出现固体床破碎现象 ,螺槽表面会出现聚合物的亚稳态相转变行为。通过建立螺杆冷却时熔融理论的数学模型 ,用数值方法获得了熔融段聚合物流场的数值解 ,结果表明 ,理论预测的固体床宽度和机筒压力与实验结果基本吻合。

水雾与可燃多孔介质火焰相互作用的实验研究

采用非传播扩散火焰形式,研究了固体可燃多孔介质中水雾-火焰的相互作用,探讨了床层厚度、多孔介质粒度以及燃料预燃时间对水雾灭火效果的影响。结果表明,随着预燃时间增长,水雾停止后床层内部可能发生闷烧现象,随着燃料粒度的减小,这种闷烧几率反而降低。这表明,固体火焰与水雾的相互作用有其独特之处。

Radial mixing and segregation of granular bed bi-dispersed both in particle size and density within horizontal rotating drum

Taking simultaneous variations in both particle volume and density into account, the radial mixing and segregation of binary granular bed in a rotating drum half loaded were investigated by a 3D discrete element method. Then, based on the competition theory of condensation and percolation, radial segregation due to differences in particle volume and/or density was analyzed. The results show that if either percolation effect induced by volume difference or condensation effect induced by density difference dominates in the active layer of moving bed, separation will occur. Controlling the volume ratio or density ratio of the two types of particles can achieve an equilibrium state between percolation and condensation, and then homogenous mixture can be obtained. When the percolation balances with the condensation, the relationship between volume ratioand density ratiopresents nearly a power function. Scaling up a rotating drum will not affect the mixing degree of the granular bed so long as the volume ratio and density ratio are predefined.

中小型制革企业综合废水处理工程的设计与应用

采用载体固体床为主要处理单元 ,辅以高效混凝剂处理中小型制革综合废水。工程运行表明 :在进水CODcr、SS、S2 -、总铬的平均浓度在 762mg/L、73 2mg/L、3 1mg/L、15mg/L的条件下 ,排水中的CODcr、SS、S2 -、总铬平均浓度为 192mg/L、95mg/L、0 .47mg/L、0 .8mg/L ,处理后的水质达到了GB8978- 1996《污水综合排放标准》

利用麦秸兼制沼气和氨化饲料的工艺

秸秆经发酵制沼气和氨化制取氨化饲料是提高秸秆利用价值的2种方法。对利用麦秸兼制沼气和氨化饲料的结合工艺进行了研究。实验证明，固体床酸化两步发酵及氨化工艺实现了秸秆能流和物流的分流转化，工艺是可行的。提出了牛粪和麦秸共同处理的新工艺。

国外天然气凝液回收概况

从油、气田采出的原料天然气(或油田伴生气)到成为可利用的商品天然气的过程一般包括气体处理和气体加工两个部份,本文所叙述的是天然气的加工过程,其目的是从天然气中回收凝液。

湿空气进口温度对固体吸附床吸附除湿性能的影响

本文实验以所设计的固体吸附床为研究对象,在吸附床进口空气含湿量恒定的条件下,研究了4A分子筛固体吸附床除湿能力随空气进口温度的变化。结果表明:湿空气进口温度为14.4℃时的固体吸附床的吸附性能优于进口温度为39℃时的吸附性能,且前者的吸附除湿量较后者平均约高出30%。

Comparison of numerical simulations and experiments in conical gas–solid spouted bed

Flow behavior of gas and particles in conical spouted beds is experimentally studied and simulated using the twofluid gas-solid model with the kinetic theory of granular flow.The bed pressure drop and fountain height are measured in a conical spouted bed of 100 mm I.D.at different gas velocities.The simulation results are compared with measurements of bed pressure drop and fountain height.The comparison shows that the drag coefficient model used in cylindrical beds under-predicted bed pressure drop and fountain height in conical spouted beds due to the partial weight of particles supported by the inclined side walls.It is found that the numerical results using the drag coefficient model proposed based on the conical spouted bed in this study are in good agreement with experimental data.The present study provides a useful basis for further works on the CFD simulation of conical spouted bed.

Simulation of biodiesel industrial production via solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor

Biodiesel industrial production based on a solid base catalyst in a fixed-bed was simulated. The lab and bench scale experiments were carded out effectively, in which the kinetic model is established and it can describe the transesterification reaction well. The Antoine equation of biodiesel is regressed with the vapor-liquid data cited of literature. The non-random two liquid （NRTL） model is applied to describe the system of fatty acid methyl ester （FAME）, methanol and glycerol and parameters are obtained. The Ternary phase map is obtained from Aspen Plus via the liquid-liquid equilibrium （LLE） data. In order to describe the production in a fixed-bed performs in industrial scale after being magnified 1 000 times, the Aspen Plus simulation is employed, where two flowsheets are simulated to predict material and energy consumption. The simulation results prove that at least 350. 42 kW energy consumption can be reduced per hour to produce per ton biodiesel compared with data reported in previous references.

Low Density Dry Coal Beneficiation Using an Air Dense Medium Fluidized Bed

For the production of low ash content clean coal, separation at low density is required for some raw coals.Based on analyzing the fluidizing characteristics of magnetic-pearls with a specific size clistribution and formation mechanism of a microbubble fluidized bed, optimal technological and operating parameters suitable for low density coal separation were determined. The experimental results show that an air dense medium fluidized bed with low den-sity can be formed using magnetic pearls as medium solids, which can efficiently beneficiate coal of 6-50 mm size with a probable error Ep value of 0.05 at a separating density of 1.44 g/cm^3.